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	EDSAC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		EDSAC was the world's first practical stored program electronic computer, although not the first stored program computer (that honor goes to the Small-Scale Experimental Machine).
		In the 1960s EDSAC was used to gather numerical evidence about solutions to elliptic curves, which led to the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.
		In the mid-60s, a successor to the EDSAC 2 was planned, but the move was instead made to the Titan, a prototype Atlas 2—the latter having been developed from the Atlas Computer of the University of Manchester, Ferranti, and Plessey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/EDSAC (700 words)

	EDSAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The EDSAC ran its first program May 6, 1949, and was constructed by Maurice Wilkes and his team at the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory, inspired by the EDVAC design report by John von Neumann.
		In the 1960s the EDSAC computer was used to gather numerical evidence about solutions to elliptic curves which led to the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.yotor.org /wiki/en/ed/EDSAC.htm (172 words)

	Maurice V. Wilkes
		EDSAC 2, which came into operation early in 1958, was designed by the team that had successfully built and operated EDSAC 1, and embodied the experience obtained with that machine.
		EDSAC 2 was the first computer to have a microprogrammed control unit and it established beyond doubt the viability of microprogramming as a basis for computer design - this in spite of the fact that vacuum tubes were far from ideal for the purpose.
		At the mechanical level of organization, EDSAC 2 was packaged in a bit-sliced manner, with interchangeable plug-in units.
	ei.cs.vt.edu /~history/Wilkes.html (2477 words)

	BBC News \| Sci/Tech \| Pioneers recall computer creation
		Edsac - Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator - was a huge contraption that took up a room in what was the university's old Mathematical Laboratory.
		Edsac 1 was replaced by Edsac 2 in 1958.
		Many of those who built and used Edsac are being brought back to Cambridge for a celebratory two-day seminar.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/317437.stm (549 words)

	Ivars Peterson's MathLand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Programming the EDSAC involved writing out in tortuous detail the sequence of steps required to perform a calculation, using a set of instructions provided by the computer's designers.
		The EDSAC made its computational debut on May 6, 1949, when a length of perforated paper tape was threaded through the tape reader connected to the machine, and a few seconds later, the computer's printer began clattering out a list of numbers: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36....
		A biography of Maurice V. Wilkes, who led the building of the EDSAC, is at http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~cs3604/fall.94/Wilkes.html.
	www.maa.org /mathland/mathland_7_1.html (850 words)

	Ivars Peterson's MathLand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When the EDSAC made its computational debut at the Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory of Cambridge University in May 1949, it was the first stored-program computer to become operational.
		That summer, Maurice V. Wilkes, who headed the laboratory and had led the effort to build the EDSAC, decided that the machine was ready for a more complicated task than calculating the squares of numbers or determining primes.
		The EDSAC staff did all it could to reduce the incidence of program errors that unnecessarily tied up the machine, wasting its precious time.
	www.maa.org /mathland/mathland_7_8.html (1165 words)

	PONG-Story: A.S.Douglas' 1952 Noughts and Crosses game
		Early computers like EDSAC occupied a huge place, mainly because they used vaccuum tubes (the semi-conductors predecessors) which took much more place than a microprocessor and required a lot of power.
		EDSAC also used 3 monitor tubes (CRTs), one of which displayed the contents of one of the long tanks.
		EDSAC was not very stable but worked pretty well.
	www.pong-story.com /1952.htm (530 words)

	David Wheeler
		As a member of the team working with Maurice Wilkes on Cambridge’s Edsac (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer), he was responsible for the system that provided instructions to the computer, and the innovations he made at the time still form the basis of modern computer programming.
		Edsac was not the first computer to store and run a program, because Manchester University’s “Baby” had been doing so since June 1948, but Wheeler’s work meant that Edsac could be made available to researchers outside the Mathematical Laboratory.
		Although most of the design work on Edsac 2, the successor to the original Edsac, had been completed, he quickly took on a key role defining its programming system and the basic set of commands that the computer could carry out — what is now called an “instruction set”.
	www.thocp.net /biographies/wheeler_david.htm (1429 words)

	University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In October 1946, work began under Maurice Wilkes on EDSAC, which subsequently became the first fully-operational and practical stored program computer when it ran its first program on 6 May 1949.
		Also in that year, proposals for Titan, based on the Ferranti Atlas machine, were developed.
		Titan became fully operational in 1964 and EDSAC 2 was retired the following year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Computer_Laboratory (341 words)

	Business Software Review:Category Top/Computers/Emulators/EDSAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was written by A.S. (Sandy) Douglas as an illustration for his Ph.D. thesis on human- computer interaction for the University of Cambridge.
		No game was produced because his employer rejected the design, but he continued this early work 15 years later.A.S. Douglas developed OXO, a graphical version of noughts and crosses (tic-tac- toe), in 1952 at the University of Cambridge in order to demonstrate his thesis on human-computer interaction.
		It was played on the now archaic EDSAC computer, which used a cathode ray tube for a visual display.
	www.business-software-review.org /Category839481.html (275 words)

	EDSAC - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The preparation of programs for an electronic digital computer: With special reference to the EDSAC and the use of a library of subroutines (Charles Babbage...
		Introduction to programming for the EDSAC: A supplement to "The preparation of programs for an electronic digital computer" by Wilkes, Wheeler and Gill
		Catalogue of the papers of William Renwick (1924-1971), including material relating to the EDSAC computer, deposited in the University Library, Cambridge
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /edsac.htm (86 words)

	Computer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The team who developed ENIAC, recognizing its flaws, came up with a far more flexible and elegant design, which has become known as the stored program architecture, which is the basis from which virtually all modern computers were derived.
		A number of projects to develop computers based on the stored program architecture commenced in the late 1940s; the first of these to be up and running was the Small-Scale Experimental Machine, but the EDSAC was perhaps the first practical version.
		Valve-driven computer designs were in use throughout the 1950s, but were eventually replaced with transistor-based computers, which were smaller, faster, cheaper, and much more reliable, thus allowing them to be commercially produced, in the 1960s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Computer (4310 words)

	EDSAC Source
		This page lists the source code for the worlds first computer game and incidentally the worlds first computer based version of noughts and crosses (tic tac toe).
		This is the original source code written by A.S. Douglas that was loaded from a punched paper tape and run on the EDSAC machine.
		even for those of us who are unfamiliar with the EDSAC instruction set and it’s assembly language some parts of the code look reasonably comprehensible.
	www.adit.co.uk /html/edsac_source.html (124 words)

	Lycos Search : EDSAC
		The EDSAC was the world's first stored-program computer to operate a regular...
		Computer Laboratory celebrated the 50th Anniversary of the EDSAC 1 computer in April 1999 with a two day meeting, including...
		Janus: Papers relating to the development of the EDSAC, one of the...
	search.lycos.co.uk /cgi-bin/pursuit?query=EDSAC&cat=loc&lyca=MI&... (232 words)

	Noughts and Crosses
		The computer was the EDSAC machine built at Cambridge University in 1949.
		The EDSAC machine was the first true programable computer as we would understand it today.
		The EDSAC simulator is a fascinating oportunity to experience the birth of computing and to try your hand at programming this early machine.
	www.adit.co.uk /html/noughts_and_crosses.html (993 words)

	Encyclopedia: EDSAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The so-called von Neumann architecture is a model for a computing machine that uses a single storage structure to hold both the set of instructions on how to perform the computation and the data required or generated by the computation.
		Replica of the SSEM The Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), nicknamed Baby, was the first stored-program computer to run a program, on June 21, 1948.
		Pope Leo I Emperor Leo I LEO I, a computer Leo I (dwarf galaxy) which is a galaxy that orbits the Milky Way Galaxy.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/EDSAC (593 words)

	The machine that changed the world - Personal Computer World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Edsac kept going for nearly 10 years, but the man responsible for it is still going, rather more strongly than you would expect at the age of 89.
		Their 'Baby' was working before Edsac but it was a short-lived pilot project; Wilkes had to build a computer that could be used in earnest.
		The press got hold of the Edsac story and had a field day, with much talk of a 'mechanical brain' - which was curious, considering that mechanical computers were precisely what electronic ones were superseding.
	www.pcw.co.uk /personal-computer-world/features/2045826/machine-changed-world (2132 words)

	A brief informal history of the Computer Laboratory
		1956-7 EDSAC 1.5, (EDSAC 2 with Wheeler's small control matrix, precursor of EDSAC 2), running and used by J. Blackler (later J. Wheeler) for astrophysics.
		EDSAC 2, the first full-scale microprogrammed machine, also the first bit-sliced machine.
		General Board Report on the Laboratory and University Computing Service (22 October): `from the very beginning EDSAC 1 was made available to anyone in the University who could make good use of it; and such users were able to obtain advice and assistance from...
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /UoCCL/misc/EDSAC99/history.html (2750 words)

	History of Computers [encyclopedia] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first digital computer (EDSAC) to be able to be offered as a service to users was developed at Cambridge University, UK, and ran in the spring of 1949.
		The EDSAC design was used as the basis of the first business computer system, the Lyons Electronic Office.
		Advances followed rapidly from the 1950s, and were further accelerated from the mid-1960s by the successful development of miniaturization techniques in the electronics industry.
	kosmoi.com /Computer/History (1715 words)

	emulation.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Edsac was one of the first programmable computers, built in 1949.
		Some creative minds have come together in this uniquely strange project to bring Edsac to the Macintosh.
		Edsac Simulator reproduces the array of glowing lights and vacuum tubes that was the original programmable computer.
	www.komkon.org /EMUL8/Macintosh/edsac (55 words)

	EDSAC - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1953, David_Wheeler, returning from the University_of_Illinois, designed an index_register as an extension to the original EDSAC hardware.
		The project was supported by J. Lyons & Co. Ltd., a British firm, who were rewarded with the first commercially applied computer, LEO_I, based on the EDSAC design.
		In the 1960s the EDSAC computer was used to gather numerical evidence about solutions to elliptic_curves which led to the Birch_and_Swinnerton-Dyer_conjecture.
	www.indexsuche.com /EDSAC.html (183 words)

	The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The EDSAC at the University of Manchester was probably the first stored program Electronic Computer in operation (1949).
		The EDSAC computer was completed at Cambridge University, England, in May 1949.
		Overseas, the influence of the EDSAC programming system was just as great, largely through the classic programming textbook by Wilkes, Wheeler, and Gill (1951) (see Campbell-Kelly 1980a).
	hopl.murdoch.edu.au /showlanguage.prx?exp=2675 (1766 words)

	Computer History Museum - Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvania´s Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulated construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions.
		Before its decommissioning in 1952, the SSEC produced the moon-position tables used for plotting the course of the 1969 Apollo flight to the moon.
		The president of Lyons Tea Co. had the computer, modeled after the EDSAC, built to solve the problem of daily scheduling production and delivery of cakes to the Lyons tea shops.
	www.computerhistory.org /timeline/timeline.php?timeline_category=cmptr (3491 words)

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