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Topic: EEG topography

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	EEG topography
		EEG brain topography was invented by Walter Grey Walter, who, in 1936, proved that, by using a larger number of electrodes pasted to the scalp, each one having a small size, and a triangulation algorithm, it was possible to identify abnormal electrical activity in the brain areas around a tumor, and diminished activity inside it.
		EEG brain topography is not performed in all cases requiring a recording of the brain activity.
		In addition, EEG brain topography is being increasingly used to monitor the effects of withdrawal of psychoactive drugs, and in infectious diseases of the brain, such as meningitis, as well as to follow up patients who where subjected to brain operations.
	www.mrsci.com /Neurology/EEG_topography.php (770 words)

	EEG Machine - Background, History, Raw Materials, Design, The Manufacturing, Quality Control
		The function of an EEG machine depends on the fact that the nerve cells in the brain are constantly producing tiny electrical signals.
		EEG machines are used for a variety of purposes.
		EEG machines used in sleep studies are equipped with snoring and respiration sensors.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-7/EEG-Machine.html (2685 words)

	Greatest Inventions -- Electroencephalography -- EEG
		Neuroscientists and biological psychiatrists use EEGs to study the function of the brain by recording brainwaves during controlled behavior of human volunteers and animals in lab experiments.
		EEG under general anesthesia depends on the type of anesthetic employed.
		EEG topography which allowed for the mapping of electrical activity across the surface of the brain.
	www.edinformatics.com /inventions_inventors/eeg.htm (1140 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This EEG is illustrated with only 5 traces and is recorded with respect to what is called a noncephalic reference that is common to all of the amplifiers.
		The objective of this research program is to study the temporal and spatial patterning of the EEG and to extract features that can be quantitatively correlated to different cognitive processes, to neurological disorders such as epilepsy and to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
		The appeal of the EEG is that it provides a temporal resolution of brain events that cannot yet be matched by any of the other measurement modalities, that it is completely noninvasive and that it is relatively inexpensive.
	www.bme.med.ualberta.ca /zjk_work.html (1067 words)

	HPPDonline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This tracing is diagnostic of a seizure disorder in that the patient failed to respond during several epochs of spike wave discharge.
		Spike topography reveals quickly that there are individual discharges primarily at C3 on the left and CP6 on the right.
		EEG is broken down into slow frequencies (delta and theta), middle frequencies (alpha), and faster frequencies (betas 1,2,3).
	www.hppdonline.com /qeeg/sampleqeeg.php (3839 words)

	Subdural Grids
		Digital EEG was recorded at a sampling rate of 200 Hz, using automatic spike and seizure, and manual event detections.
		A voltage topographic mapping program(Prism, Persyst, AZ) was used to plot the squared interpolation amplitude of spikes on electrode placements in the photograph of the grid and cortical surface.
		EEG tracing of 107 subdural grid electrodes at the beginning of seizure #4, (Group I) including three leading spikes (cursors).
	www.eeg-persyst.com /web/ApplicationNote-2.html (1281 words)

	Sleep Research Zurich Paper-Abstracts 2000
		The EEG was obtained from 3 bipolar derivations (frontal-central (FC), central-parietal (CP) and parietal-occipital (PO)) along the anteroposterior axis.
		The waking EEG was recorded for 10-min intervals 30 min prior to and after the 20-min stimulations, and polysomnographic recordings were obtained during the subsequent sleep episode 23.0007.00 h.
		In contrast, EEG theta frequency activity (TFA, power within 4.75-8.0 Hz) during a 5-min wake interval recorded prior to the sleep episodes was initially enhanced, and tended to correlate negatively with the percentage of REM sleep (p=0.06).
	www.unizh.ch /phar/sleep/papabs01.htm (2061 words)

	EXplorations in Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Berger named this new form of recording as the electroencephalogram (EEG, for short); * that this activity changed according to the functional status of the brain, such as in sleep, anesthesia, hypoxia (lack of oxygen) and in certain nervous diseases, such as in epilepsy.
		Berger electrodes were too large to made detailed topographycal studies of the EEG (in other words, to use electrical activity recorded from the brain to pinpoint areas of sensory projection, the localization of tumors or of epileptic foci, etc.).
		He was the first to prove, for instance, that the so-called alpha rhythm (present during a resting state) disappears from almost all the brain during a mental task which demands awareness, being substituted by a faster rhythm, the beta waves.
	interzone.com /~cheung/SUM.dir/med100.html (494 words)

	Electrical Geodesics, Inc.
		Johnson, B. W., Sleigh, J. W., and Kirk, I. High-density EEG mapping during general anaesthesia with xenon and propofol: A pilot study.
		Potts, G., Dien, J., Hartry-Speiser, A., McDougal, L., and Tucker, D. Dense sensor array topography of the event-related potential to task-relevant auditory stimuli.
		Ray, W. J., Keil, A., Mikuteit, A., Bongartz, W., and Elbert, T. High resolution EEG indicators of pain responses in relation to hypnotic susceptibility and suggestion.
	www.egi.com /publications.html (5678 words)

	General Info Text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Another promising computational EEG approach to the study of the AD is the coherence analysis of EEG rhythms (theta, alpha, and beta), which models brain connectivity.
		Since EEG is more sensitive than MEG to radially-oriented cortical electromagnetic source, EEG and MEG complement each other; (v) no large normative EEG/MEG data set related to cognitive tasks is available for normal and pathological aging; (vi) advanced EEG/MEG data processing has not been used for the evaluation of drug treatment.
		Importantly, spatial resolution of EEG data increases by using surface Laplacian estimate or linear inverse source estimate, which act as a spatial filter that removes reference influence and reduce head volume conduction effects.
	hreeg.ifu.uniroma1.it /Alzheimer_project/framegeneralinfo3.htm (2160 words)

	QEEG Brainmapping in ADHD
		EEG, the recording of the electrical activity of the brain, is a standard medical diagnostic procedure used in hospitals everywhere.
		Quantitative EEG topography, sometimes referred to as "Topometric Brain Mapping" measures the electrical patterns present on the surface of the scalp.
		The classic names of these EEG bands are delta, theta, alpha, SMR and beta and are identified according to their frequency, which is measured in terms of repetitions (or "cycles") per second ("cps") or "Hertz" (Hz).
	www.adhd.com.au /QEEG.htm (5470 words)

	Pharmaco-EEG at a Crossroads : Journal of EEG and Clinical Neuroscience, April 2006
		By considering these differences between psychotropic drugs and placebo in normal subjects, as well as between mental disorder patients and normal controls, it may be possible to choose the optimum drug for a specific patient according to a key-lock principle, since the drug should normalize the deviant brain function.
		EEG studies of recreational drugs are flawed by several limitations, and failed, so far, to identify reliable indices of CNS toxicity to be used in clinical settings.
		With the emergence of three-dimensional EEG source localization techniques, it has recently become possible to visualize the mathematically most probable generators of QEEG abnormalities within the brain as well as the neuroanatomical regions where abnormal activity is most altered by efficacious medication.
	www.ecnsweb.com /journal/apr06.html (1525 words)

	eMedicine - Visual Analysis of Neonatal EEG : Article by Samuel Koszer, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The EEG test typically is run for 60 minutes or more to ensure the recording of at least one change in sleep state (a full sleep cycle in the neonate is typically 50-60 min).
		The discontinuous EEG pattern of TA is distinguished from BS by the presence of higher amplitude interburst activity, reactiveness to stimulation, and containment of EEG features normal for postconceptional age (ie, delta brushes, temporal theta, or frontal sharp transients).
		The observation that the maturation of the EEG is primarily dependent on the postconceptional age renders the EEG a valuable tool in assessing central nervous system physiological maturation.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic493.htm (5887 words)

	ICA EEG Tutorial (5)
		Severe contamination of EEG activity by eye movements, blinks, muscle, heart and line noise is a serious problem for EEG interpretation and analysis.
		A new and often preferable alternative is to apply ICA to multichannel EEG recordings and remove a wide variety of artifacts from EEG records by eliminating the contributions of artifactual sources onto the scalp sensors.
		Note that EEG activity is more visible than in (A), particularly in channels 1 and 2, and the line noise (60 Hz) and aliased line noise frequencies (near 12 Hz, 105 Hz, 135 Hz) are reduced.
	www.cnl.salk.edu /~jung/artifact.html (1216 words)

	induction Document
		EEG responses to a reading comprehension task during active alert hypnosis and waking states.
		EEG was recorded monopolarly at frontal (F3, F4), central (C3, C4) and posterior (in the middle of O1-P3-T5 and O2-P4-T6 triangles) derivations during the hypnotic induction of the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale (SHCS) and during performance following suggestions of hypnotic dream and age-regression as expressed in the before-mentioned scale.
		Theta power was never a predictor of hypnotic susceptibility, 40-Hz EEG amplitude displayed a very high main effect (p<0.004) for hypnotizability in hypnotic conditions by displaying a greater 40-Hz EEG amplitude in high hypnotizables with respect to lows.
	www.hypnosiseire.com /research/all.php?topic=induction (10030 words)

	Publication Abstracts- Aerospace Medical Association
		Polynomial coefficient vectors were calculated for the following analyses of EEG under the illusion: a) objective evaluation of topographical difference by two-way MANOVA; b) visual inspection of the power spectra maps; and c) logarithmic deviation ratio topography (log DRT).
		Results: MANOVA demonstrated significant differences in EEG topography in the high alpha band while the vection was evoked.
		Thus EEG topography may be useful for the study of SD.
	www.asma.org /journal/abstracts/v70n3/v70n3p256.html (315 words)

	Electroencephalography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They are in fact noise or "artifact" in the EEG reading, and should not technically be called a rhythm or wave.
		There is no proof yet as to the validity or preciseness of these methods since simulated EEG recordings are the only way to know beforehand, the exact properties of the uncontaminated signal.
		In reality, EEG is to some extent stochastic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electroencephalography (2308 words)

	Different Effects of Phenelzine Treatment on EEG Topography in Waking and Sleep in Depressed Patients (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sleep architecture and EEG topography during wakefulness and sleep were studied in eight depressed patients before and after five weeks of treatment with phenelzine (30
		These data indicate that in contrast to wakefulness the effects of phenelzine treatment on the EEG in non-REM sleep were small.
		Rank correlation analyses revealed no association between the antidepressant treatment response and the changes in sleep and EEG power spectra during administration of phenelzine.
	www.nature.com /npp/journal/v27/n3/abs/1395912a.html (282 words)

	Conventional and Quantitative Electroencephalography in Psychiatry -- Hughes and John 11 (2): 190 -- J Neuropsychiatry ...
		Nuwer M: Assessment of digital EEG, quantitative EEG and EEG brain mapping: report of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society.
		Sainio K, Stenberg D, Keskimaki I, et al: Visual and spectral EEG analysis in the evaluation of the outcome in patients with ischemic brain infarction.
		O'Connor KP, Shaw JC, Ongley CO: The EEG and differential diagnosis in psychogeriatrics.
	neuro.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/11/2/190 (6986 words)

	What's New in Neurofeedback - March 2005
		Comodulation was created to refute the low spatial resolution hypothesis of EEG topography (e.g., volume conduction, Nunez, 1990.) If surface EEG did not reflect cortical potentials well, all neighbors would be equally correlated with each other.
		Comodulation, on the other hand, is a measure of amplitude relationship between EEG signals (Kaiser, 1994), and is far simplier to calculate.
		*EEG Spectrum International, Inc. is approved by the APA to offer continuing education to psychologists.
	start.eegspectrum.com /Newsletter/mar2005.htm (1858 words)

	Neuro Science Center Zurich - Research Groups - Hans-Peter Landolt
		We use an integrative, clinical-pharmacological approach in combination with state-of-the-art methods of EEG analysis, human genetics and brain imaging to investigate sleep regulation in humans.
		We recently demonstrated that caffeine indeed reduces the EEG correlates of elevated sleep need during wakefulness and sleep.
		Moreover, aging not only reduces EEG power during sleep, but also causes frequency-specific alterations in sleep EEG topography.
	www.neuroscience.unizh.ch /e/groups/landolt00.htm (557 words)

	Neuro Science Center Zurich - Research Groups - Peter Achermann
		Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields of type GSM on sleep, sleep EEG and regional cerebral blood flow (collaborative project with IT’IS and Clinic of Nuclear Medicine).
		Sleep and EEG analysis in parkinsonian and pain patients before and after stereotactic neurosurgery (collaborative project with the Clinic of Neurosurgery), and in stroke patients (collaborative project with Clinic of Neurology, University of Zurich and Bern).
		Effects of rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on EEG topography during waking and subsequent sleep (collaborative project with Psychiatric Neuroimaging Group, University of Bern).
	www.neuroscience.unizh.ch /e/groups/achermann00.htm (294 words)

	CV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dierks T, Perisic I, Frölich L, Ihl R, Maurer K (1991) Topography of the quantitative electroencephalogram in dementia of the Alzheimer type: relation to severity of dementia.
		Ihl R, Dierks T, Martin EM, Frölich L, Maurer K (1996) Topography of the maximum of the amplitude of EEG frequency bands in dementia of the Alzheimer type.
		Dierks T, Engelhardt W, Maurer K (1993) Calculation of equivalent dipoles of spontaneous EEG by FFT-approximation and of AEP-P300 before and after application of benzodiazepines and their antagonists.
	www.puk.unibe.ch /td2/CV_e_td_a.htm (5828 words)

	EEG Papers QEEG
		Quantitative EEG makes use of a computer-generated program that compares the patient's EEG with that of a particular normative database.3 Quantitative EEG, also known as brain mapping, is a generic term.
		A Z-score is formed, representing that an individual EEG feature is a certain number of standard deviations away from the mean of a control data set.
		The normal EEG data is usually represented in a polygraph format.
	www.tech.plym.ac.uk /spmc/links/biomedical/eeg/eeg_papers_qeeg.html (589 words)

	EEG Matlab Toolbox: Getting Started
		That's the topography based on the electrodes only.
		Now close the topography window and go back to the ERP waveform plot.
		Then hit plot and wait - it will calculate a surface interpolation from the scalp electrodes to the scalp tesselation vertices and plot the realistic scalp topography.
	eeg.sourceforge.net /getting_started.html (1413 words)

	Human Central Auditory Plasticity Associated With Tone Sequence Learning -- Gottselig et al. 11 (2): 162 -- Learning ...
		Figure 4 shows the topography of the MMN.
		Figure 4 The topography of the mismatch negativity (MMN) to the low deviant (LD, top row) and the high deviant (HD, bottom row) in the first (left) and second (right) recording sessions.
		The topography (i.e., the shape of the EEG map contours) of
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/11/2/162 (6455 words)

	Brain electrical activity topographical mapping (US4649482)
		"New Methods to Determine the CNS Effects of Antigeriatric Compounds: EEG Topography and Glucose Use", Drug Development Research, vol.
		"Topography of Brain Electrical Activity: a Bioengineering Approach", Medical Progress through Technology, vol.
		"Topographic Cortical Mapping of EEG Sleep Stages During Daytime Naps in Normal Subjects", Sleep, vol.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US04649482 (367 words)

	electroencephalography tutorial ; courtesy Central Neurology PC, Grand Island Nebraska
		The frequencies of the EEG waves run from 0.5 per second to.
		EEG technician in a specially-designed room that may be in the health care...
		Die Vereinbarkeit des EEG mit de dem europäischen...
	emg-eeg.tripod.com (4366 words)

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