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	Electromagnetic radiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Generally, EM radiation is classified by wavelength into electrical energy, radio, microwave, infrared, the visible region we perceive as light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.
		EM radiation with a wavelength between 400 nm and 700 nm is detected by the human eye and perceived as visible light.
		When EM radiation impinges upon a conductor, it couples to the conductor, travels along it, and induces an electric current on the surface of that conductor by exciting the electrons of the conducting material.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation (1878 words)

	Electromagnetic radiation -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		EM radiation is (Click link for more info and facts about quantized) quantized as particles called (A quantum of electromagnetic radiation; an elementary particle that is its own antiparticle) photons.
		EM radiation in a vacuum always travels at the (The speed at which light travels in a vacuum; the constancy and universality of the speed of light is recognized by defining it to be exactly 299,792,458 meters per second) speed of light, relative to the observer, regardless of the observer's velocity.
		EM radiation may also cause certain molecules to absorb energy and thus to heat up; this is exploited in (Kitchen appliance that cooks food by passing an electromagnetic wave through it; heat is produced by the absorption of microwave energy by the water molecules in the food) microwave ovens.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/el/electromagnetic_radiation.htm (882 words)

	* Electromagnetic Radiation - (Astronomy): Definition
		Electromagnetic radiation is a combination of oscillating electric and magnetic fields propagating through space and carrying energy from one place to another.
		Electromagnetic Radiation Radiation that travels through vacuous space at the speed of light and propagates by the interplay of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
		In modern physics, light or electromagnetic radiation may be viewed in one of two complementary ways: as a wave in an abstract electromagnetic field, or as a stream of massless particles called photons.
	en.mimi.hu /astronomy/electromagnetic_radiation.html (1077 words)

	Read about Electromagnetic radiation at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Electromagnetic radiation and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		alternating current, electromagnetic radiation is propagated at the same frequency as the electric current.
		EM radiation in a vacuum always travels at the speed of light, relative to the observer, regardless of the observer's velocity.
		EM radiation may also cause certain molecules to absorb energy and thus to heat up; this is exploited in
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Electromagnetic_radiation (649 words)

	Electromagnetic Spectrum - Introduction
		Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes-- visible light that comes from a lamp in your house or radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation.
		Electromagnetic radiation can be described in terms of a stream of photons, which are massless particles each traveling in a wave-like pattern and moving at the speed of light.
		Electromagnetic radiation from space is unable to reach the surface of the Earth except at a very few wavelengths, such as the visible spectrum, radio frequencies, and some ultraviolet wavelengths.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.html (1292 words)

	Radio Emission
		An EM wave is composed of an electric field and a magnetic field that are oscillating together.
		Remarkably, all forms of EM radiation (visible light, x-rays, radio waves, etc.) travel at the speed of light, regardless of their energy.
		Since the energy of an EM wave is directly proportional to its frequency and inversely proportional to its wavelength, the higher the energy of the wave, the higher the frequency, and the shorter the wavelength.
	www.nrao.edu /whatisra/mechanisms.shtml (2526 words)

	Clavius: Environment - radiation primer
		Since EM radiation is carried by the photon (a particle) and since equivalent energies can be computed for proper particles, there isn't any real need to maintain such a strict distinction.
		We can say that EM rays (especially x-rays and gamma rays) are emitted from those same nucleii, and we can note that any substance with sufficient energy, or heat, emits EM radiation as a method of releasing that energy.
		Radiation exposure is measured in American units by the "rad", an acronym standing for "radiation absorbed dose", and in the SI system by the Gray (Gy).
	www.clavius.org /envradintro.html (2850 words)

	Cavity QED induced EM radiation
		At ambient temperature, a source of electromagnetic (EM) radiation having Planck energy at vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) frequencies is required to liberate electrons and VIS photons.
		Whether a particle or subsurface atoms, the IR radiation is suppressed because of the higher VUV resonance of the gap.
		In a bubble, the far IR radiation from atoms within the penetration depth is suppressed as depicted in the folowing figure.
	www.geocities.com /sonoluminescence2004 (584 words)

	Remote Sensing Tutorial Introduction - Part 2 Page 3
		The principle supporting this result is that as radiation passes from one medium to another, it is bent according to a number called the index of refraction.
		Note that the atmosphere is nearly opaque to EM radiation in part of the mid-IR and all of the far-IR regions.
		Rayleigh scattering increases with decreasing (shorter) wavelengths, causing the preferential scattering of blue light (blue sky effect); however, the red sky tones at sunset and sunrise result from significant absorption of shorter wavelength visible light owing to greater "depth" of the atmospheric path as the Sun is near the horizon.
	rst.gsfc.nasa.gov /Intro/Part2_4.html (1527 words)

	(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		is the relative orientation of the EM radiation (horizontal, vertical, or circular).
		The intensity of the radiation decreases with the square of the distance from the source: at triple the distance from the source, the intensity of the radiation decreases by a factor of 9 (Figure 3).
		When parallel rays of EM radiation from an object converge after passing through a lens, an image of the object is formed at the focal point.
	chppm-www.apgea.army.mil /rfup/website/Chara.htm (1995 words)

	Remote Sensing Tutorial Introduction - Part 2 Page 2
		Radiation from specific parts of the EM spectrum contain photons of different wavelengths whose energy levels fall within a discrete range of values.
		Radiant energy (Q), transferred as photons, is said to emanate in short bursts (wave train) from a source in an excited state.
		Note that the radiation is moving in some direction or pathway relative to a reference line as defined by the angle θ.
	rst.gsfc.nasa.gov /Intro/Part2_2.html (2230 words)

	Module 2 - The EM Spectrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Electromagnetic (EM) radiation exists in a large range of frequencies and wavelengths (Figure 1).
		This type of radiation is emitted by all matter that is at typical temperatures found on the earth's surface and atmosphere.
		This is the main type of radiation that is emitted by the sun, other very hot objects such as incandescent light bulbs and from excited atoms in lasers and florescent light bulbs.
	www.weather.nps.navy.mil /~psguest/EMEO_online/module2/module_2_5.html (640 words)

	V2100 - Solar Radiation and the Earth's Energy Balance. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We examine the relationship between solar radiation and the Earth's temperature, and study the role of the atmosphere and its constituents in that interaction, to develop an understanding of the topics such as the "seasonal cycle" and the "greenhouse effect".
		That all bodies emit radiation and that the wavelength (or frequency) and energy characteristics (or spectrum) of that radiation are determined by the body's temperature.
		During Solstices, incoming radiation is perpendicular to the Earth surface on either the latitude of Cancer or the latitude of Capricorn, 23.5° north or south of the equator, depending on whether it is summer or winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /dees/ees/climate/lectures/radiation (2989 words)

	RadiationResearch.org - Facts about electromagnetic radiation
		The EM Radiation Research Trust is an independent body that provides the facts about electromagnetic radiation and our health to the public and the media.
		There is a growing body of evidence that suggests EM radiation is more dangerous than was previously thought and I believe it is now a priority for government to fully investigate this issue.
		EMI was traditionally used to describe how one EM field emitted from one electronic device effects the operation of another electronic device, EMI can now also be used to help explain the ways in which EM radiation effects the cells of living creatures which is called Bio-Resonance.
	www.radiationresearch.org (1232 words)

	Module 2 - Representing EM radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This type of antenna causes radiation to be transmitted in all horizontal directions, but above and below the horizontal plane bisected by the antenna the strength of the radiation signal decreases.
		We can't see most EM waves, but we want to be able to represent them graphically in order to demonstrate how they propagate in the atmosphere.
		Note that the electric and magnetic force lines in EM radiation are always at right angles to the ray traces (and each other).
	www.weather.nps.navy.mil /~psguest/EMEO_online/module2/module_2_4.html (1029 words)

	Safety and Health Topics: Radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Radiation sources are found in a wide range of occupational settings.
		The two types of ionizing radiation are particulate (alpha, beta, neutrons) and electromagnetic (x-rays, gamma rays) radiation.
		Lasers also emit EM radiation in these "optical frequencies." The higher frequencies of EM radiation, consisting of x-rays and gamma rays, are types of ionizing radiation.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/radiation (219 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Electromagnetic (EM) radiation is a form of energy, i.e., it has the ability to perform work.
		EM radiation is much like the tsunami in that EM radiation carries information that a disturbance was made.
		EM radiation is due to the electrical force.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~imamura/208/jan9/em.html (478 words)

	SUGGESTED ELF ANTIGRAVITY PROTOTYPE DESIGN
		DeAquino demonstrates that gravitational mass of an atom is related to its inertial mass as a function of thermal and electromagnetic (EM) radiation absorption.
		The weight reduction formula relates absorbed EM radiation energy by an atom (molecule) to the radiation frequency, as well as conduction, permeability and permittivity of the medium that the atom is a constituent.
		Atom EM absorption coefficient is a measure of the atoms ability to absorb EM radiation.
	jlnlabs.imars.com /systemg/html/gravelf.htm (1730 words)

	Radiation concernsRadiation concernsRadiation concernsRadiation concerns
		All forms of EM radiation are understood to be oscillations or fluctuations in the local electric and magnetic fields that move through space at the velocity of light.
		The various forms of EM radiation are distinquished by the rate at which the fields oscillate in time (the frequency is measured in units of Hertz where 1Hz is one oscillation per second).
		The new FCC guideline for evaluating the environmental effects of radiofrequency radiation was adopted and released on August 1, 1996.
	deas.harvard.edu /courses/es96/spring1997/web_page/health/health.htm (1347 words)

	19900207 The Effects of Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electromagnetic Radiation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The generation of em radiation is often unintentional as in the case of motors and fluorescent light or deliberate for a specific application such as television equipment.
		Most of the studies on human exposure to em radiation suffer from limitations: (1) Exposure for therapeutic purposes, namely partial body irradiation at high-intensities for relatively short periods of time is not representative of occupational exposure conditions.
		In conclusion, it is clear that further epidemiological studies and research into biological effects of em radiation and magnetic field (including chemical reaction in the body) is needed to fully understand and determine all health effects resulting from exposure cases.
	www.osha.gov /dts/hib/hib_data/hib19900207.html (2185 words)

	The Electromagnetic Spectrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The electromagnetic spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to energy (or equivalently, by virtue of the relations in the previous section, according to frequency or wavelength).
		They are all electromagnetic radiation; they just differ in their wavelengths.
		The visible part of the spectrum may be further subdivided according to color, with red at the long wavelength end and violet at the short wavelength end, as illustrated (schematically) in the following figure.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/light/spectrum.html (205 words)

	A Historical Perspective
		Though invisible to the human eye, infrared radiation can be detected as a feeling of warmth on the skin, and even objects that are colder than ambient temperature radiate infrared energy.
		Non-contact temperature sensors use the concept of infrared radiant energy to measure the temperature of objects from a distance.
		The retina is stimulated by the radiation and sends a signal to the brain, which serves as the indicator of the radiation.
	www.omega.com /literature/transactions/volume1/historical1.html (705 words)

	EM Radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are TV and Radio transmissions, gamma radiation from space and heat in the atmosphere.
		All EM energy waves travel at the speed of light.
		That fact means everything from radio waves to gamma rays are all types of radiation.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/kids/science/Astronomy/Universe/Radiation.htm (205 words)

	ionizing radiation - a Whatis.com definition - see also: radioactivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ionizing radiation can occur as a barrage of photons having a nature similar to that of visible light, but with far shorter wavelength and consequently higher frequency.
		Ionizing radiation is dangerous because it damages the internal structures of living cells.
		The most common unit of ionizing radiation is the becquerel (Bq), equal to one disintegration or nuclear transformation per second.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci775674,00.html (323 words)

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