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	Mouse genome project at BCM
		ENU is an alkylating agent (See Figure) that is a powerful mutagen in mouse spermatogonial stem cells, producing single locus mutation frequencies of 6 X 10-3 to 1.5 x 10-3, equivalent to obtaining a mutation in a single gene of choice in one out of every 175 to 655 gametes screened.
		The analysis of 61 sequenced germline mutations from 24 genes reveals that ENU predominantly modifies A.T base pairs, with 44% A.T to T.A transversions, 38% A.T to G.C transitions, 8% G.C. to C.G transversions, 5% A.T to C.G transitions, and 2% G.C to T.A transitions (See Figure).
		G1 animals, heterozygous for ENU mutagenized chromosomes and Re are mated to mice hemizygous for a yellow-tagged deletion.
	www.mouse-genome.bcm.tmc.edu /ENU/ENUexperiment.asp (934 words)

	ENU - Wikipedia
		It has a mutation rate of 1 new mutation (at a particular gene) per 700 gametes.
		The chemical is an alkylating agent, and acts by transferring the ethyl group of ENU to nucleobases (mainly thymine) in nucleic acids.
		Its main target is the spermatogonial stem cells, from which mature sperm derive from.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ENU (112 words)

	NIH Neurogenomics Project at Northwestern University :: Protocols
		ENU mutagenesis screens provide a complimentary approach to gene targeting methods because both gain-of-function and loss-of-function alleles can be obtained, and importantly, no pre-existing knowledge of the target genes is required.
		Chemical mutagenesis by ENU has great potential to generate an abundance of mutations in phenotype-driven screens, given that each of the approximately 30,000 mammalian genes is a potential target for inducing a mutation with a demonstrable, heritable phenotype.
		Large-scale ENU mutagenesis allows researchers access to more genetic variants from which to select mutants for further study, e.g., those with more striking phenotypes that are not inherently polygenic.
	genome.northwestern.edu /neuro/mutagenesis_protocol.cfm (226 words)

	Author et al.
		The ENU treated group rat colonal features revealed distinct histopathological changes such as mucosal and submucosal hyperproliferation of lymphocyte cells and lymphocytic invasion into the mucosal layer from the underlying submucosa (Figure 2 and Figure 3).
		After the 5-azadCR administration of the ENU treated rats, it was seen that the drug reduced the number of lymphocytes in colonal tissues (Figure 5a, b).
		ENU may possibly cause some changes in A/T to G/C or G/C to A/T sequences (19, 20) indicating that the high dose of ENU was effective in inducing mutations in colonal tissue changes.
	www.epress.com /w3jbio/vol6/ozdemir/paper.htm (2453 words)

	Forward mutation at the yg2 locus induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea
		ENU is mutagenic in higher plants and animals.
		ENU is a monofunctional alkylating agent and was found to be the most potent chemical mutagen in the Mouse Specific Locus test (W. Russell et al., 1979, Proc.
		The induction of forward mutation at the yg2 locus is highly correlated with the concentration of ENU for both leaves (r = 0.97).
	www.maizegdb.org /mnl/57/112schy.html (430 words)

	The Sentinel
		Enu confesses that she's wanted to be an entertainer her whole life, but she pinpoints the start of her opera interest at age 16.
		Enu was able to perform on her own with an accompanying orchestra.
		In Europe, according to Enu, opera "is almost like pop music to them." She lamented that Americans "feel like it's not going to connect to them," but insisted that it's "all stuff we can relate to." For example, she said that such universal themes as death and love are at the core of most operas.
	www.thesentinel.com /314070100492544.php (1177 words)

	IEG - Institute of Experimental Genetics - Genome Project
		In the Munich ENU Project mouse mutants are produced systematically in a large scale by chemical mutagenesis using the alkylating agent N-ethylnitrosourea (ENU).
		Mutations induced by ENU will not be tagged molecularly, as it is the case in reverse genetics, with gene trap or transgenic insertional mutants.
		Only F1 litters deriving from ENU males with a minimal sterility period of 80 days are chosen for phenotyping to ensure that they are generated with mutagenic treatment derived sperm.
	www0.gsf.de /ieg/groups/genome/enu.html (1651 words)

	RedNova News - Science - ENU mutagenesis identifies mice with mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase deficiency ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		ENU mutagenesis identifies mice with mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase deficiency resembling human maple syrup urine disease
		Metabolomics-guided screening, coupled with ENU mutagenesis, is a powerful approach in uncovering novel enzyme deficiencies and recognizing important pathways of genetic metabolic disorders.
		ENU mutageiiesis is a powerful way to produce and screen genetic variants for gene function studies in the whole organism.
	www.rednova.com /news/display?id=48857 (4753 words)

	NUCLEAR ENGINEERING SCIENCES
		ENU 5176L - Principles of Nuclear Reactor Operations Laboratory (1) Prereq: ENU 4144 or equivalent and consent of instructor.
		ENU 6051 - Radiation Interaction Basics and Applications I (3) Interaction of X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and charged particles with matter; radioactive decay, nuclear moments, and nuclear transitions.
		ENU 6241 - Numerical Methods in Nuclear Engineering Sciences (3) Numerical solutions to reactor analysis problems, emphasis on the solution of one-, two-, and three-dimensional diffusion equations, multiregion and multigroup diffusion methods.
	gradschool.rgp.ufl.edu /gradcat/1995-1996/dept72.html (1907 words)

	Fields of Instruction - NUCLEAR ENGINEERING SCIENCES
		ENU 5176L--Principles of Nuclear Reactor Operations Laboratory (1) Prereq: ENU 4144 or equivalent and consent of instructor.
		ENU 5615--Nuclear Radiation Detection and Instrumentation (3) Interaction of radiation with matter, radiation detector systems, pulse shaping, amplification, amplitude and time-analyzing circuitry; counting and measuring devices, and control systems for nuclear reactors.
		ENU 6051--Radiation Interaction Basics and Applications I (3) Interaction of X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and charged particles with matter; radioactive decay, nuclear moments, and nuclear transitions.
	gradschool.rgp.ufl.edu /gradcat/1996-1997/dept73.html (1828 words)

	IEG - Institute of Experimental Genetics - Genome Project
		In the Munich ENU Project (MEP) mouse mutants are produced systematically in a large scale by chemical mutagenesis using the alkylating agent N-ethylnitrosourea (ENU).
		Mutations induced by ENU will not be tagged molecularly, as it is the case in reverse genetics, with gene trap or transgenic insertional mutants.
		Only F1 litters deriving from ENU males with a minimal sterility period of 80 days are chosen for phenotyping to ensure that they were generated with mutagenic treatment derived sperm.
	www.gsf.de /ieg/groups/genome/enu.html (1804 words)

	ENU mutagenesis in the mouse electrophoretic specific-locus test, 1. Dose-response relationship of ...
		The mouse electrophoretic specific-locus test for induced germ-cell mutations, was used to determine the response of spermatogonial stem cells to a series of doses of the germ cell mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU).
		Male DBA/2J and C57B1/6J mice were treated with doses of 50, 100, 200 or 250 mg/kg ENU and their progeny screened for electrophoretically-detectable mutations at 32 separate loci.
		As expected, increasing doses of ENU led to increasing mutant frequencies.
	www.rti.org /abstract.cfm?pubid=1922 (183 words)

	Jurij Ritheu: Amikor a bálnák elmennek
		Enu látta, hogy nem messzire egy hajlott alaktól - könnyen fel lehetett ismerni benne az öreg Naut -, a habosan felcsapó hullámtörés mögött két bálna viháncolt, időnként kiemelték fejüket a vízből, sisteregve lövellt fel a magasba lélegzetük párája, mely a napsütésben szivárványszínben ragyogott.
		Enu a csónak tatján ült rozmárbélből készült vízhatlan köpenyében.
		Enu látta, hogy a rozmár törött agyara az elöl ülő szigonyos lábánál feltépi a csónak bőrhuzatát.
	mek.oszk.hu /00400/00447/html (16940 words)

	ENU treatment, stress reduction
		Any of the morphine derivatives are the drugs of choice when ENU is given to mice.
		Unless you are interested in ENU enhancing tumor formation in the nervous system, I wouldn't worry too much about the interactions.
		The survival rate in males from ENU treatment seems to be very high especially with using Stresscoat afterwards.
	zebra.biol.sc.edu /methods/enu.html (816 words)

	Mouse Mutagenesis with ENU - The Jackson Laboratory
		Mouse Mutagenesis with ENU - The Jackson Laboratory
		Dilute 100 µl of the ENU suspension into 900 µl of phosphate/citrate buffer (1:10 dilution) in a disposable plastic cuvette.
		Calculate, in mg/kg of body weight, the appropriate amount of ENU to be injected for each mouse depending on the desired dosage.
	pga.jax.org /enu_protocol.html (446 words)

	DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency Stimulates N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced Mutagenesis and Lymphomagenesis -- Claij et al. ...
		the lethality and mutagenicity of ENU in MSH2-proficient and
		ENU was dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 6.0; 4 mg/ml)
		ENU is known as a potent mutagen, rapidly inducing tumors in
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/63/9/2062 (3237 words)

	Yay Hooray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Enu last logged in on March 20 2007 at 7:29pm.
		Other users who have logged in with the same IP are: noixnoi; maryshitbox; Super Adult; slayertu; oonoon; enu; heath; Lozzie; emachine; barniebro; janmc; mcseman; Health; captain_awesome.
		Currently, enu is a friend of 9 users, and is an enemy of 0 users.
	enu.yayhooray.com (386 words)

	ENU treatment, stress reduction
		Unless you are interested in ENU enhancing tumor formation in the nervous system, I wouldn't worry too much about the interactions.
		Fish do not seem stressed, and we obtained the desired high rates of mutagenesis.......It is very healthy to have respect for ENU, since a lab that was careless with it managed to kill a couple scientists.
		The survival rate in males from ENU treatment seems to be very high especially with using Stresscoat afterwards.
	zebra.sc.edu /methods/enu.html (816 words)

	Mouse ENU Mutagenesis -- Justice et al. 8 (10): 1955 -- Human Molecular Genetics
		Phenotype-driven ENU screens in the mouse are emphasizing relevance to human clinical disease by targeting cardiology, physiology, neurology, immunity, hematopoiesis and mammalian development.
		Ongoing mouse ENU mutagenesis experiments are generating a treasure trove of new mutations to allow an in-depth study of a single gene, a chromosomal region or a biological system.
		ENU induces lesions in the DNA of mouse spermatogonial stem cells, primarily affecting AT base pairs.
	hmg.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/8/10/1955 (6333 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Efficient gene-driven germ-line point mutagenesis of C57BL/6J mice
		The ethylating chemical ENU is the most potent mutagen in the mouse, with a per-locus mutation frequency, based mainly on detecting mutant phenotypes at visibly marked loci, ranging from approximately 1/1500 for a single 250 mg/kg dose to 1/700 for a fractionated 4 × 100 mg/kg dose [3,4].
		Since ENU induces primarily single base pair (bp) substitutions in DNA, it is especially useful for producing an allelic series of mutations in a gene, where each mutation may result in different degrees of severity of the mutant phenotype or even in completely different mutant phenotypes.
		The power of ENU (and ethyl methanesulfonate) as a tool for the high-throughput functional annotation of gene sequences has been applied to two primary mutagenesis strategies in mice using either whole mice or mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells: the phenotype-driven mutagenesis screen [5-22] and, more recently, the gene-driven mutagenesis screen [22-30].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2164/6/164 (8314 words)

	Bratislava - Oficiálne stránky Hlavného mesta SR Bratislavy - Spolupráca Kancelárie pre rodinu a ženu Bratislavy ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Ocenila rýchlosť vzniku bratislavskej Kancelárie pre rodinu a ženu a zdôraznila, že sa treba učiť navzájom.
		Kanceláriu pre rodinu a ženu Magistrát hlavného mesta SR Bratislavy otvorili 6.
		Zriadenie Kancelárie pre rodinu a ženu v hlavnom meste Slovenska Bratislave vzbudilo pozornosť aj v iných mestách a pracovníčka Mgr.
	www.bratislava.sk /vismo/dokumenty2.asp?u=700000&id_org=700000&id=71253 (566 words)

	The Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes, as a New Model Organism for Studying Environmental Germ-cell Mutagenesis
		Because the medaka is an oviparous experimental animal, we were able to determine that approximately 90% of spontaneous as well as gamma-ray-induced total mutants died during development, irrespective of spermatogenesis stages at the time of exposure.
		The increase in DL rates by ENU was essentially dose-dependent throughout 30 days after treatment, although the peak sensitivity was observed around 9 days, which corresponds to the exposure of male germ cells at the spermatid stage.
		Induction of dominant lethals by gamma-rays (a) or ENU (b) in sperm (Sm), spermatids (Sd) and spermatogonia (Sg).
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1994/Suppl-12/33-35shima/shima-full.html (1946 words)

	NIDA Genetics Workgroup: ENU MUTAGENESIS
		Harwell ENU Mutagenesis Program The purpose of the current mutagenesis programme is to generate and make available approximately 100 F1 progeny of mutagenised animals per week for genome-wide dominant phenotypic screens.
		German ENU Mutagenesis Program Within our ENU Mutagenesis Project, we have established a research center to perform a large ENU mutagenesis screen in mouse.
		The research center consists of a core facility (GSF, Gene Center) and several associated laboratories (located at the TU Munich ; LMU Munich ; GSF, MPI of Biochemistry, Martinsried ; MPI of Psychiatry, Martinsried ; Clinic of the Univ. Freiburg); University Utrecht.
	www.nida.nih.gov /about/organization/genetics/mouse/enu/index.html (437 words)

	kda-ruhr - Europaeische NGOs: ENU
		ENU steht für Arbeitslosenorganisationen innerhalb Europas, das heißt auch für Organisationen in nicht EU-Mitgliedsländer.
		Seit Anfang 1995 hat ENU ein Büro in Brüssel, in dem ein Teil der Arbeit bezüglich der Europäischen Kommission und des Europäischen Parlaments erfolgt.
		Die ENU versteht sich in Schrift und Wort als Stimme und Lobby der Arbeitslosen auf Europäischer Ebene.
	www.kda-ruhr.de /EU-NGOs/enu.html (469 words)

	ENU mutagenesis identifies mice with mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase deficiency resembling human maple ...
		ENU mutagenesis identifies mice with mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase deficiency resembling human maple syrup urine disease -- Wu et al.
		ENU mutagenesis identifies mice with mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase deficiency resembling human maple syrup urine disease
		ENU mutagenesis identifies mice with cardiac fibrosis and hepatic steatosis caused by a mutation in the mitochondrial trifunctional protein {beta}-subunit
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/113/3/434 (3838 words)

	ENU Mutagenesis of X. tropicalis
		We highly recommend that you discuss this with your Environmental Health and Safety group to insure that you use ENU safely.
		Dissolve 1 gm Isopac ENU in 100ml ENU dilution buffer.
		We and others have found that the amount of ENU varies substantially from lot to lot.
	tropicalis.berkeley.edu /home/manipulate_embryos/enu.html (540 words)

	[No title]
		Spectrophotometric Determination of ENU Concentration: Dilute 100 µ of the ENU suspension into 900 µ of phosphate/citrate buffer (1:10 dilution) in a disposable plastic cuvette.
		Calculate the concentration of the ENU in solution given that a 1.0 mg./ml.
		Disposal of ENU: Clean all spills and soak all equipment, syringes and gloves coming into contact with ENU with the inactivating solution and discard in waste.
	pga.jax.org /enu_protocol.doc (517 words)

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