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Topic: ETA Basque Fatherland and Liberty

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	ETA
		Their targeted independent Basque country (Euskal Herria[?]) is situated in the Basque Country, or "Basque provinces", of Spain (Vizcaya, Guipuzcoa, Alava, and Navarre), as well as in the historical Basque-speaking areas of Northern Navarre[?], Lapurdi[?] / Labourd[?] and Zuberoa[?] / Soule[?], located in southwestern France in the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
		ETA employs bombings and assassinations, mainly aimed against non-nationalist politicians, journalists, intellectuals, and the Guardia Civil[?] and other Spanish security forces, and has killed an estimated 800 people since the 1960s.
		The ETA ideology was influenced by the Algerian independence and the decolonization[?] movement.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Basque_Fatherland_and_Liberty.html (707 words)

	ETA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		ETA operates mainly in Spain, particularly in the Basque Country, Navarre, and (to a lesser degree) Madrid, Barcelona, and the tourist areas of the Mediterranean coast of Spain.
		The most consequential assassination performed by ETA during Franco's dictatorship was the December 1973 assassination by bomb in Madrid of admiral Luis Carrero Blanco, Franco's chosen successor and president of the government (a position roughly equivalent to being a prime minister).
		ETA is known to have had contacts with the Provisional Irish Republican Army; the two groups have both, at times, characterized their struggles as parallel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basque_Fatherland_and_Liberty (6216 words)

	Basque Homeland and Freedom
		The Basque Fatherland and Liberty group was founded in 1959 by a group of student activists dissatisfied with the moderate nationalism of the traditional Basque party.
		ETA had its origin in a nationalist group, EKIN, formed as a result of the moderate actions of the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV, Basque Nationalist Party) during the Franco regime.
		While ETA is operationally headquartered in the Basque provinces of Spain and France, the organization is reported to have members and underground supporters in locations as diverse as Algeria, Argentina, Belgium, Cape Verde, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Germany, Holland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Panama, Sao Tome and Principe, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
	www.ict.org.il /inter_ter/orgdet.cfm?orgid=8 (1133 words)

	Basque Fatherland and Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		ETA is a leftist group that uses terrorism in hopes of forming an independent Basque state in parts of northern Spain and southwest France.
		ETA stands for Euskadi ta Askatasuna, which means “Basque Fatherland and Liberty” in the Basque language.
		ETA was formed in 1959, by young activists angered by the dictator Franco’s suppression of the Basque language and culture and frustrated with moderate Basque nationalist organizations.
	sapiens.ya.com /terrorista87/Paginas/English/ETA.htm (285 words)

	Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Factsheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Basque Fatherland and Liberty; Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna, ETA
		ETA aims to establish a Basque homeland based on Marxist principles in the ethnically Basque areas in northern Spain and southwestern France.
		ETA was founded in 1959 by Basque Marxist rebels incensed by the efforts of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco to suppress the Basque language and culture.
	www.iwar.org.uk /news-archive/2004/03-11-3.htm (697 words)

	terrorists-suck.org: Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
		Founded in 1959 with the aim of establishing an independent homeland based on Marxist principles encompassing the Spanish Basque provinces of Vizcaya, Guipuzcoa, Alava, as well as the autonomous region of Navarra, and the southwestern French Departments of Labourd, Basse-Navarra, and Soule.
		Spanish police arrested 125 ETA members and accomplices in 2003; French authorities arrested 46, including the group’s top leadership; several other members were arrested in Latin America, Germany, and the Netherlands.
		In 2003, ETA killed three persons, a similar figure to 2002’s death toll of five, and wounded dozens more.
	www.terrorists-suck.org /groups/basque_fatherland.html (237 words)

	Human rights in Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Internal security responsibilities are divided among the National Police, which are responsible for security in urban areas; the Civil Guard, which police rural areas and control borders and highways; and police forces under the authority of the autonomous communities of Catalonia and the Basque Country.
		The terrorist group ETA (Basque Fatherland and Liberty) continued its campaign of shootings and bombings, killing three persons during the year.
		ETA sympathizers also continued a campaign of street violence and vandalism in the Basque region intended to intimidate politicians, academics, and journalists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_rights_in_Spain (495 words)

	friendly printed version:Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
		ETA members also thought to have received training in Lebanon, Libya, South Yemen and Nicaragua, as well as to have sought sanctuary in Cuba.
		Initially, ETA was one of two chief suspects in the series of bomb explosions that rocked Madrid train stations during rush hour on March 11, 2004.
		The group was founded in 1959 by activists seeking to establish an independent Basque homeland spanning the border region of northern Spain and southwestern France.
	www.cdi.org /friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=1135&from_page=../program/document.cfm (1525 words)

	ETA - Basque Fatherland and Liberty :: Terrorist Organizations
		Liberty is generally considered a concept of political philosophy and identifies the condition in which an individual has immunity from the arbitrary exercise of authority.
		Political philosophies rooted in individualism and socialism often conceive of liberty differently; individualist and liberal conceptions of liberty relate to the freedom of the individual from outside compulsion; a socialist perspective, for example, equates liberty with equality, claiming that liberty without equality amounts to the domination of the most powerful.
		In this perspective liberty is conceived as the attribute of the will of the rational subject, thus defining free will and voluntary actions.
	society.gourt.com /Issues/Terrorism/Terrorist-Organizations/ETA-Basque-Fatherland-and-Liberty.html (654 words)

	Spain
		ETA sympathizers also conducted a campaign of street violence and vandalism in the Basque region intended to intimidate politicians, academics, and journalists.
		ETA, whose declared goal is to establish an independent Basque state, continued its terrorist campaign of bombings and shootings, killing 15 persons during the year.
		Senideak continued to demand that all imprisoned ETA terrorists be moved to prisons in the Basque region or the adjacent region, Navarra, to be closer to their families.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/eur/8343.htm (7167 words)

	Basque Separatists Bomb Airport, Hotel, Sreet
		The ETA has been accused of working for the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and there is good evidence to show a working relationship.They have also been unconfirmed links to other South American nations either as political activists, or working for government or rebel organizations carrying out terrorist attacks on their behalf.
		ETA may also stage attacks against French business and state-related premises in protest at France's help to Spain in its efforts to counter ETA in the French and Spanish Basque countries.
		In 1995, Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorists conducted attacks on Spanish rail lines and stations, banks, police officers, and political figuresóincluding the assassination of the Partido Popular mayoral candidate in San Sebastian and the attempted assassination of the leading contender for the prime ministership.
	www.emergency.com /etabom1.htm (1050 words)

	Basque Fatherland and Liberty a.k.a Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA)
		Basque Fatherland and Liberty a.k.a Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA)
		Basque Fatherland and Liberty a.k.a Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) was founded in 1959 with the aim of creating an independent homeland in Spain's Basque region.
		ETA has killed over 800 persons since it began lethal attacks in the early 1960s; responsible for murdering 13 persons in 1997.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/para/eta.htm (457 words)

	OSAC - Profiled Group Details - Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
		ETA was founded in 1959 with the aim of establishing an independent homeland based on Marxist principles and encompassing the Spanish Basque provinces of Vizcaya, Guipuzcoa, and Alava, as well as the autonomous region of Navarra and the southwestern French Departments of Labourd, Basse-Navarra, and Soule.
		Spanish police arrested scores of ETA members and accomplices in Spain in 2004, and dozens were apprehended in France, including two key group leaders.
		ETA conducted no fatal attacks in 2004, but did mount several low-level bombings in Spanish tourist areas during the summer and 11 bombings in early December, each preceded by a warning call.
	www.osac.gov /Groups/group.cfm?contentID=1277 (361 words)

	MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
		Basque Fatherland and Freedom is usually referred to by its Euskara acronym, ETA.
		ETA’s last deadly attack occurred in May 2003, when two policemen were killed by a car bomb in the province of Navarre.
		ETA’s vision of an independent Basque state built on parts of Spain and France is impossible without drastic changes in the politics of both countries.
	www.tkb.org /Group.jsp?groupID=31 (983 words)

	ETA Claims Recent Car Bombings
		The Basque separatist group ETA (Basque Fatherland and Liberty) has claimed responsibility for two car bombings in the run up to Spanish national elections.
		ETA's political wing, Euskal Herritarrok has called on Basques to boycott the vote in protest against the Spanish government.
		Meanwhile ETA terrorism has acted to unite the Spanish populace on all side of the political spectrum.
	www.ict.org.il /spotlight/det.cfm?id=406 (407 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Basques are a linguistically and culturally distinct Christian group that has lived since the Stone Age in the mountainous region that straddles the border between modern-day Spain and France.
		Basque nationalists include other areas with smaller Basque-speaking minorities—the Spanish province of Navarre and three departments in southwest France—in their vision of a Basque homeland.
		ETA attacks in the Basque provinces of Spain are often followed by mass antiviolence demonstrations, and the strongest force in regional elections is usually the moderate, nonviolent Basque National Party.
	members.lycos.co.uk /trivalnet/10001_terroristgroup2/21basque2.htm (1214 words)

	EmergencyNet News Summary of Terrorist Events Involving Spain and the ETA: 01 Oct 2000 to 25 Nov 2000
		ETA was responsible for murdering six persons in 1998 but did not carry out any known killings in 1999.
		As was reported on Tuesday, suspected members of ETA fired grenades at a Spanish Civil Guard police barracks in the Basque region, slightly wounding one police officer.
		In what would be ETA's bloodiest attack since it ended a truce last year, a car bomb blamed on the Basque separatist group ETA killed a Spanish Supreme Court judge, his driver and his bodyguard on Monday.
	www.emergency.com /2000/Spain11-2000.htm (2408 words)

	Euskal Herria Journal \| A Basque Journal \| Navarre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		They accepted the division of the Basque territories as original and constructed the myth of the "Basque states" negotiating with Spain their voluntary integration.
		In 1963 Enbata presented the Itsasu Letter, a national project for these three Basque territories to be implemented in two stages: first, the creation of a Basque department to be followed by the unification of the seven Basque provinces in a European federation.
		The political and military struggle for independence is led by Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA, Basque Homeland and Freedom), the Basque national liberation army which transformed the conservative ideology of Basque nationalism into a progressive movement.
	www.ehj-navarre.org /navarre/na_history_bn.html (377 words)

	Mirago : Society: Issues: Terrorism: Terrorist Organizations: ETA - Basque Fatherland and Liberty
		Council on Foreign Relations: Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) - Questions and answers about the terrorist group supporting an independent Basque state in parts of northern Spain and southwest France.
		ETA - Description of the group which compares and contrasts them with other terrorist organisations.
		Guardian Unlimited Issues Explained: Eta and Basque Separatism in Spain - Simon Jeffery examines the background to the militant Basque separatist group.
	www.mirago.com /scripts/dir.aspx?cat=Top/Society/Issues/Terrorism/Terrorist_Organizations/ETA_-_Basque_Fatherland_and_Liberty (424 words)

	Terrorism101 : Terrorist Organizations : Basque Fatherland (ETA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		ETA is primarily involved in bombings and assassinations of Spanish Government officials, security and military forces, politicians, and judicial figures, but it has also targeted journalists and tourist areas.
		ETA also detonated an explosive device at a stadium constructed as part of Madrid’s bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games; there were no injuries in that attack.
		Many authorities speculated that these non-lethal bombings were designed to show that ETA was not a spent force and to give it a stronger bargaining position in a future "peace process." The group has killed more than 850 persons and injured hundreds of others since it began lethal attacks in the 1960s.
	www.terrorism101.org /organizations/Basque_Fatherland_ETA.html (493 words)

	CBSNews.com: Print This Story
		ETA, or "Basque Fatherland and Liberty," has killed nearly 800 people since 1968 in its campaign for Basque independence.
		Mayor Oreja said Spaniards who suffered through a summer of ETA car-bombings and shootings that left eight people dead have reason to be pleased with Wednesday's arrests of 20 ETA-linked politicians and activists.
		They targeted a group called EKIN, which bills itself as a grass-roots coordinator of Basque pro-independence groups but which the government says is engaged in everything from ETA fund-raising to helping it plan attacks both large and small.
	uttm.com /stories/2000/09/14/world/printable233502.shtml (682 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		ETA finances its activities through kidnappings, robberies, and extortion.
		In November 1999, ETA broke its "unilateral and indefinite" cease-fire and began an assassination and bombing campaign that killed 23 individuals and wounded scores more by the end of 2000.
		Some ETA members allegedly have received sanctuary in Cubawhile others reside in South America.
	www.infinite-justice-news.com /infinite/groups/eta.htm (184 words)

	Tito Drago, ETA Ends Cease-Fire, Splitting Basque Front
		ETA blames the Spanish government for continued repression against its members and blames the moderate Basque nationalist movement for not complying with elections for a constitutional and sovereign parliament in Euskal Herría (which covers the three provinces that form Spain's Basque Country, the autonomous community of Navarra, and the two French Basque provinces).
		ETA, in turn, responded Monday by distributing a photocopy of the document that verifies the moderate parties' constitutional commitment, signed by EA and PNV leaders.
		Basque president Ibarretxe, for his part, called the ETA decision “a step backwards,” though he asserted that “it will not be like the past, because a society that has known what it is like to live in peace will never grow re-accustomed to violence.”
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/62/191.html (932 words)

	Terrorism - In the Spotlight: Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
		More than 50 suspected ETA members have been arrested since last fall, and authorities succeeded in dismantling a number of ETA terrorist cells and logistics bases and confiscated over 100 pounds of explosives.
		ETA has relentlessly carried out fatal attacks since last September, including bombings, shootings and assassination of a town councilor.
		In fact, ETA may be broadening its tactics and vision in defiance against the U.S.-led war on terrorism.
	www.cdi.org /terrorism/eta.cfm (694 words)

	Print news - IPS Inter Press Service
		But Maite Pagazaurtundúa, a socialist member of the Basque municipality of Urnieta, told IPS that she was opposed to dialogue because the members of ETA "would take advantage of those meetings to gain time and a new lease on life, and return to the attack shortly, as they have done on other occasions."
		Antza, who became ETA chief in 1992 when the group's leaders were arrested, was born into a nationalist family in 1961 in the Basque city of San Sebastián.
		Iparraguirre, better known by her nom de guerre Anboto, was born and raised in a small town in the Basque country, in a home where her parents hid members of ETA and weapons for 10 years.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=25717 (942 words)

	Huge scale of Madrid terrorist attack becoming clear
		Although ETA (the Basque Fatherland and Liberty terrorist group) is the Spanish government’s sole suspect, the leader of the banned Basque nationalist political party Batasuna stated unequivocally that ETA was not involved, pointing the finger at "an operation by sectors of the Arab resistance," raising the spectre of an al Qaeda link.
		ETA itself has yet to issue a communiqué and no other group has claimed responsibility.
		The imminent Spanish general election is being cited as a factor which points towards ETA involvement, however the coordinated nature of the attack, the lack of a warning and the high loss of civilian life have more of an al Qaeda hallmark.
	www.continuitycentral.com /news01041.htm (230 words)

	Basque Fatherland and Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Euskal Herria (Basque Country) is divided politically between the French and Spanish states.
		It is composed of seven provinces: three under French administration, Iparraldea or Northern Basque Country, and four under Spanish administration, Hegoaldea or Southern Basque Country.
		Basque autonomous regions of northern Spain and southwestern France.
	webhome.idirect.com /~mullen/TG_Basque-Fatherland-Liberty.htm (245 words)

	09184
		Over a dozen suspected ETA members were also arrested, including suspects in twenty attacks and seven murders since December 1999.
		ETA, or Basque Fatherland and Liberty, seeks to establish an independent Marxist state in the Basque region of Spain and southwestern France.
		In December 1999, ETA broke a fourteen-month cease-fire and renewed its efforts to terrorize the government and people of Spain into bowing to its demands.
	www.ibb.gov /editorials/09184.htm (249 words)

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