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Topic: ETOPS

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	ETOPS
		ETOPS or Extended Twin Operations is an acronym created by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) to describe the operation of twin-engine aircraft on a route that contains a point further than 60 minutes flying from an adequate airport at the approved one engine inoperative cruising speed.
		Approval for ETOPS operation is given by the Civil Aviation Department of the country concerned.
		This ETOPS policy is initially a slight disadvantage to the Boeing 777 relative to the Airbus 340 competition.
	www.geocities.com /khlim777_my/asetops.htm (2991 words)

	ETOPS (Extended Twin Engine Operations)
		ETOPS or Extended Twin Operations is an acronym created by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) to describe the operation of twin-engine aircraft on a route that contains a point further than 60 minutes flying from an adequate airport at the approved one engine inoperative cruising speed.
		Approval for ETOPS operation is given by the Civil Aviation Department of the country concerned.
		This ETOPS policy is initially a slight disadvantage to the Boeing 777 relative to the Airbus 340 competition.
	www.askcaptainlim.com /asetops.htm (2989 words)

	From The Cockpit - Engine Failure
		This is not possible on long flights over water or over large expanses of unpopulated areas, however, and as more reliable engines were developed, the need for a different set of rules became apparent so twin engine aircraft could fly longer routes without the constraint of the 60 minute diversion rule.
		The fuel burn increases substantially when flying that low, so ETOPS fuel is actually based upon a loss of cabin pressure during the flight at any point along the way and making it to the nearest diversion station with enough extra to perform a missed approach and even some other criteria.
		So, on routine flights where ETOPS rules are followed but the flight is accomplished without incident, we sometimes land with far more fuel in reserve than we would on a domestic, non-ETOPS flight.
	www.fromthecockpit.com /Engine_Failure.html (1116 words)

	Aero 07 - ETOPS Maintenance
		ETOPS maintenance procedures were created to ensure the safety and reliability of flights operating at extended distances from alternate airports and to prevent or reduce the probability of a diversion or turnback with one engine out.
		However, the ETOPS philosophy is a real-time approach to maintenance and includes continual monitoring of conditions to identify problems before they threaten airplane operation or safety.
		ETOPS operators are required to use ECMs to monitor adverse trends in engine performance and execute maintenance to avoid serious failures.
	boeing.com /commercial/aeromagazine/aero_07/etops.html (1433 words)

	Airbus - Media - Our Advantages (Site not responding. Last check: )
		ETOPS regulations govern the design and operation of twin-engined aircraft on routes which contain a point further than one hour’s fliying time at the one-engine inoperative speed.
		Airbus believes that the policy of extending ETOPS maximum diversion times to 207 minutes for specified airlines for North Pacific operations is inappropriate until such time as international agreement is reached on applicable standards.
		Typical application of the 207-minute authority will be in winter, when ETOPS tracks will take twin-engined aircraft to the north of the Pacific region, in the vicinity of the most remote airfields, where any diversion would probably occur in bad weather conditions and where ground facilities are minimal.
	events.airbus.com /media/etops.asp (334 words)

	Twin Engines Operations ETOPS
		ETOPs ranges circles are based on a "declared" True Airspeed and are not adjusted for wind.
		Therefore an aircraft travelling from Europe at the bottom of the diagram would use Shannon as a diversion airfield until reaching point A. From point A until reaching point B Keflavik would be the diversion airfield and then on reaching point B ST Johns would be the diversion airfield.
		One final note ETOPS often applies in Africa as some airfields close at night and the desert becomes the same as an ocean.
	www.avsim.com /geoffschool/airlinecourse/etops.htm (876 words)

	ETOPS
		It is, therefore, important that any airports designated as an en route diversion airport have the capabilities, services and facilities to safely support that particular aeroplane and that the weather conditions at the time of arrival provide a high assurance that safe landing is achievable with an engine and/or systems malfunctioning.
		ETOPS is being replaced by a newer system, referred to as EROPS, or Extended Range OPerationS, which will affect all aircraft, not merely those with a twin-engine configuration.
		In 1988, the FAA amended the ETOPS regulation to allow the extension to 180 minutes diversion period subject to stringent technical and operational qualifications.
	www.albadawi.be /etops.htm (3170 words)

	The Future of ETOPS
		ETOPS was a very new concept in the 1980s, with the airline industry having little experience in such extended operations of twins.
		This submission is a significant step in the evolution of ETOPS and all long-range operations; and if the FAA accepts it and subsequently publishes it as a final rule, it will herald a sea change in the way the airline industry views and manages long-range operations.
		The operations of twin-engine airplanes operating in ETOPS are generally broken into two basic types: ETOPS at 180 minutes or less (current operations to include the 207-minute authority in the North Pacific), and ETOPS beyond 180 minutes (new authorities).
	www.alpa.org /alpa/DesktopModules/ViewDocument.aspx?DocumentID=4431 (2741 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Extended Operations (ETOPS) of Multi-engine Airplanes
		ARAC ETOPS Working Group Concept General Observations As already noted, the working group acknowledged that the reliability of aircraft engines and systems has improved to the point that it may not be limiting to the operation.
		The new ETOPS risk model adopted for the development of this new proposed rule is based on the introduction of a ``two dimensional'' model to replace the ``one dimensional'' maximum diversion time/distance model currently in use.
		One of the five key elements of the early ETOPS process on the Boeing Model 777 was the ``relevant experience assessment,'' or ``lessons learned.'' Simply stated, the intent is for the applicant to review the failures on previous airplane/engine combinations, and assure that the causes of those failures are mitigated.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/November/Day-14/i28407.htm (16136 words)

	AIN Online December 2003: ETOPS rules proposed for Part 121 & 135 operators (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Currently, ETOPS guidelines are purely recommendations contained in advisory circulars and FAA policy statements for voluntary adherence by Part 121 operators of twin-engine turbine-powered airliners.
		The ETOPS threshold for Part 121 twinjets would be 60 minutes, but airlines may be approved beyond 240 minutes and the three- or four-engine airliner maximum permitted distance would be dictated solely by aircraft systems limitations.
		ETOPS requirements for Part 135 would differ from those for Part 121 due to the differing nature of the operations.
	www.ainonline.com /issues/12_03/12_03_etopsrulesp1.html (1459 words)

	FR Doc 03-14992
		ETOPS Certification All two-engine airplanes operating under 14 CFR part 121 are required to comply with Sec.
		During the first two years after ETOPS approval of each engine type on the Model 777 series airplanes, the FAA was concerned that the design problems being discovered may have indicated a failure of the early ETOPS process to identify those failure modes before they occurred in service.
		Replacement of the reference to the ``1000-flight-cycle ETOPS test'' with ``Airplane Demonstration Test'' in paragraph (h)(1) in order to be consistent with the changes being proposed for paragraph (e)(7).
	a257.g.akamaitech.net /7/257/2422/14mar20010800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2003/03-14992.htm (9641 words)

	GE Transportation - Aircraft Engines: The GE90 Soars
		The ETOPS program allows airlines to fly twin-engine jetliners on extended routes that are more than 60 minutes flying time from an alternative airport.
		The Boeing ETOPS flight was part of a 13-hour flight from Seattle to Taipei.
		ETOPS certification on the aircraft is slated for early next year.
	www.geae.com /spotlight/ge90soars.html (231 words)

	Great Circle Mapper FAQ
		ETOPS does not require over-water equipment (e.g., life rafts) or additional fuel tanks, though these are usually required for the typical missions of ETOPS-rated aircraft.
		While proposals to extend ETOPS to a 240-minute rule-time haven't met with much success, an interim proposal for 207 minutes (180 minutes plus 15%, similar to the 138 minute rule-time) has been adopted, primarily as an exception for 180-minute routes when key alternate airports are unavailable due to weather.
		Longer ETOPS rule-times would also allow closure of alternate airports along routes which currently can be served under less stringent ETOPS rules, such as Midway Island (MDY), which is currently subsidized in part by Boeing to provide an ETOPS alternate.
	gc.kls2.com /faq.html (3810 words)

	Airliners.net Tech Ops: Etops
		ETOPS (Extended Twin-engine OPerationS) is an acronymn for an International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) rule permitting newer twin-engined commercial air transports to fly routes that, at some points, are further than a distance of 60 minutes flying time from an emergency or diversion airport.
		ETOPS is an acronym for Extended Twin OperationS and it had its origins in the mid '80s when El Al began to fly the Boeing 767 on Trans Atlantic routes.
		ETOPS has been especially useful as it allows for point-to-point service between small and medium-sized cities on different continents, such as Detroit-Glasgow, routes that are too small for a 747.
	www.airliners.net /discussions/tech_ops/read.main/88703 (2409 words)

	Extended Operations (ETOPS) of Multi-engine Airplanes
		The new ETOPS risk model adopted for the development of this new proposed rule is based on the introduction of a "two dimensional"model to replace the "one dimensional"maximum diversion time/distance model currently in use.
		The "ETOPS Scenario"diagram and the ETOPS significant systems definition that would be provided in the associated advisory circular for this rule are good tools that system designers can use to assess all conditions although they are not regulatory.
		One of the five key elements of the early ETOPS process on the Boeing Model 777 was the "relevant experience assessment," or "lessons learned."Simply stated, the intent is for the applicant to review the failures on previous airplane/engine combinations, and assure that the causes of those failures are mitigated.
	www.airweb.faa.gov /Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgNPRM.nsf/0/0413c6cb11dfa11986256df30056cbcd!OpenDocument&ExpandSection=-4 (19609 words)

	ETOPS: Expansion in the North Pacific Market
		The number of ETOPS flights between North America and Europe has increased dramatically since 1985, when twin-engine operations across the North Atlantic were virtually nonexistent (figure 2).
		ETOPS made it possible for this new generation of airplanes to use its inherent range capabilities to reshape the North Atlantic market.
		Their intent is to retain those elements that add value to their ETOPS operations and delete what they consider unnecessary restrictions on two-engine-airplane operations.
	www.boeing.com /commercial/aeromagazine/aero_04/textonly/fo01txt.html (2273 words)

	Sheffield School -Airline dispatcher ETOPS training
		ETOPS training originated when the FAA decided to grant permission for the airlines to operate twin-engine aircraft, such as the B-757's, Airbus, etc. over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, or desolate areas.
		Our first ETOPS class took place on the weekend of July 11, 1992, which made Sheffield School the first school, outside the major airlines, to offer this type of advanced aviation training.
		This is a full ETOPS course with practical applications, computer application, and a live instructor - not a half-day "point and click" CBT course with no discussion.
	www.sheffield.com /courseETOPS.html (565 words)

	Royal Jet certifies fleet of Boeing Business Jet with ETOPS-120 \| Royal Jet
		ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operation Performance Standards) is an acronym for the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) rule permitting newer twin-engined commercial aircraft to fly routes that, at some points, are further than a distance of 60 minutes flying time from an emergency or diversion airport.
		ETOPS rules and procedures provide any operator with stringent guidelines to follow when planning international trips, suitability of a planned ETOPS alternate requires not only an approved runway and decent weather, but also the ability of the airport to handle the aircraft and its passengers.
		ETOPS extensions: In 1988, the FAA amended the ETOPS regulation to allow the extension to 180 minutes diversion period subject to stringent technical and operational qualifications.
	www.ameinfo.com /63499.html (1430 words)

	NATA Press Release
		The proposal to impose Extended Operations (ETOPS) requirements will require operators to remain within 180 minutes of an "adequate airport" on all flights outside the continental United States unless the operator and aircraft meet additional requirements.
		Aircraft meeting the additional ETOPS requirements would be permitted to operate to a maximum limitation of 240 minutes.
		A key component of the ETOPS NPRM is the creation of special Part 25 certification standards for newly manufactured aircraft capable of ETOPS flights.
	www.nata.aero /pressroom/releases/pressrelease_detail.jsp?NEWS_ID=87 (375 words)

	ETOPS Solutions Inc - About Me
		At that time there were only eight 767-200's that had just started 120 minute ETOPS from the East Coast to Europe.
		During the next 14 years Chris coordinated the fleet growth to 120 aircraft consisting of 757, 767 and 777 fleets.
		Industry first early 757 ETOPS, 777 ETOPS out of the box, 207minute ETOPS and Polar ETOPS certifications were obtained providing global ETOPS service to UAL.
	www.misteretops.com /aboutMe.htm (144 words)

	Boeing 777-300ER Performs 330-Minute ETOPS Flight
		ETOPS is a conservative, evolutionary program that allows airlines to fly twin-engine jetliners on routes that at some point take those planes more than 60 minutes flying time from the nearest airport.
		ETOPS certification by U.S. and European regulatory authorities is slated for early next year.
		For more information on ETOPS and the Boeing 777-300ER 330-minute ETOPS test, go to http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2003/q4/nr_031015gq&a.html.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=105&STORY=/www/story/10-15-2003/0002036534 (325 words)

	Airliners.net Civil Aviation: Etops - What Is It Actually About?
		At no point along the ETOPS portion of the route of flight would the aircraft be greater than 120 minutes from at least 1 of the 3 named alternate airports.
		ETOPS part control program — A program to ensure that only ETOPS authorized parts (as identified in the CMP or other SB’s or AD’s) are used on an ETOPS airplane.
		ETOPS training — All personnel involved with the ETOPS maintenance program must receive training on the philosophy of ETOPS and on the specific requirements, with emphasis on the differences from the normal operation.
	www.airliners.net /discussions/general_aviation/read.main/3136906 (2720 words)

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