| | JETS Institute: Publications |
 | | By the late 1990s, with the agreement of the European Union to fully liberalise its telecoms markets and the similar agreement of the WTO, there was a widespread consensus that the liberalisation of telecoms is essential. |
 | | The roots of change that gave birth to the new telecoms industry in the early 1990s, however, as this paper will show, were far more fundamental than the political and regulatory decisions that finally legitimised the changes. |
 | | With the liberalisation of telecommunications markets and the globalisation of telecommunications, all three companies exist in an environment that is becoming increasingly similar but each has decided to 'play its cards' in fundamentally different ways - for example, there is a significant difference in the percentage of sales each company spends on RandD. |
| www.jets.man.ed.ac.uk /publications.htm (4250 words) |