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Topic: EU member states

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	SSRN-Transposing the Copyright Directive: Legal Protection of Technological Measures in EU-Member States - A Genie ...
		EU member states were granted 18 months to transpose the provisions of the EUCD into their national laws.
		The authors argue that incumbent member states have not made broad use of private copying exceptions and have diverged as far as the implementation of the public policy exceptions are concerned.
		The study concludes that the EU member states are leaving both the fine-tuning of new legislation and resolution of rather fundamental issues related to the EUCD to the national courts and, ultimately, to the European Court of Justice.
	www.ssrn.com /abstract=628007 (547 words)

	Working Against 'super Bugs' - EU Member States Must Do More To Combat Antimicrobial Resistance
		While the report recognises some good progress made by Member States in putting measures in place against antimicrobial resistance, notably improved surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance, and closer cooperation between different professionals on this issue, it states that more still needs to be done.
		It stresses that Member States need to develop and implement national strategies and action plans to tackle the problem of antimicrobial resistance, and there should be better exchange of good practice on issues such as vaccination campaigns, and hygiene and infection control.
		Self-medication with antibiotics is still a problem in many Member States, according to the report, which is why a "prescription only" approach should be strictly enforced and educational activities are needed.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=35450 (809 words)

	EUobserver.com
		EU interior ministers unanimously agreed Thursday that nine member states from central and eastern Europe are sufficiently prepared to join the Schengen border-free zone in December.
		EU member states are not doing enough to integrate legal immigrants from outside Europe, according to a new report launched on Monday, which ranks Sweden top and Latvia last.
		The German EU presidency included a last-ditch line in its Berlin Declaration that the EU would combat illegal immigration after the request of Spain, which has experienced a vast wave of illegal immigration in the past year.
	www.euobserver.com /22 (671 words)

	swissinfo - The government has launched its campaign supporting its SFr1 billion Cohesion Fund payment to the ten new ...
		Instead, there is a memorandum of understanding that sets out the general conditions of the Swiss commitment to the ten new EU member states.
		The EU Commission's president, José Manuel Barroso has already warned Switzerland that a rejection of the move would send a wrong signal to the new members.
		The EU's Cohesion Fund is a structural instrument that has helped member states reduce economic and social disparities and stabilise their economies since 1994.
	www.swissinfo.org /eng/swissinfo.html?siteSect=43&sid=7105297 (614 words)

	ECB: Report on the legal protection of banknotes in the EU Member States
		The Report is intended as a contribution to the preparation of the legal framework for the protection of euro banknotes within the EU Member States.
		The legal situation in all 15 Member States with regard to counterfeiting is reasonably satisfactory and subsequent adaptation of criminal law is a competence of the individual Member States.
		The full Report will be distributed by each of the EU central banks to interested parties in their respective countries.
	www.ecb.int /press/pr/date/1999/html/pr991109.en.html (448 words)

	No Lobbyists As Such - The War over Software Patents in the European Union (Site not responding. Last check: )
		EU politicians evaluating need to intervene in professional soccer
		At this juncture, the two hottest issues that EU politicians and soccer bodies at the international and national level are looking at are broadcasting rights and the possible introduction of a salary cap (not on a per-player basis, but in terms of a percentage relative to a club’s revenues).
		About two third of all EU patent infringement litigation takes place in Germany (about 900 caes per year), and in many of those cases the parties settle the dispute for the remaining European countries after a ruling or settlement in the first country in which they fight it out in court.
	www.no-lobbyists-as-such.com /florian-mueller-blog/category/eu-eu-member-states-politics (5811 words)

	Human Rights dissolving at the borders? Counter-terrorism and EU criminal law - Executive Summary - Amnesty ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The refugee qualification directive makes it easier for Member States to revoke or end refugee status when "there are reasonable grounds for regarding him or her as a danger to the security of the Member State in which he or she is present".
		Member States that allow their territory to be used for stop-overs are colluding in serious breaches of human rights.
		Amnesty International calls on the EU to establish rules prohibiting the authorisation of the use of airspace or airports on EU Member State territory for the transfer of people in circumstances where there is a serious threat that their human rights will be further breached en route or at their destination.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGIOR610122005 (1916 words)

	EU Tax Proposals May Affect U.S. and Other Funds, July 2001
		Certain member states also have committed to adopting the same measures in all of their territories (the Channel Islands, Isle of Man, and the dependent or associated territories in the Caribbean).
		In addition, these member states would be required to transfer 75 percent of the revenue from the withholding tax to the member state of residence of the investor.
		The member states, in turn, would be required to communicate that information to the member state in which the beneficial owner is resident.
	www.ici.org /issues/glo/arc-tax/01_eu_tax_directive.html (886 words)

	Alcohol policies in EU member states (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In all Nordic member states as well as in Iceland and Norway, alcohol policy was built on high excise duties on alcoholic beverages and, with the exception of Denmark, on comprehensive state alcohol monopoly systems and strict personal control.
		The second half of the twentieth century is a period of converging alcohol policies in the present EU member states (Karlsson and Österberg, 2001).
		At first, it might be a little surprising that EU member states have at the same time abolished alcohol control measures affecting alcohol availability and known to be effective, and introduced control measures aiming to affect alcohol demand even if they are known to be much less effective at least in the short run.
	www.ias.org.uk /resources/publications/theglobe/globe200201/gl200201_p12.html (1750 words)

	SSRN-Transposing the Copyright Directive: Legal Protection of Technological Measures in EU-Member States - A Genie ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		EU member states were granted 18 months to transpose the provisions of the EUCD into their national laws.
		The authors argue that incumbent member states have not made broad use of private copying exceptions and have diverged as far as the implementation of the public policy exceptions are concerned.
		The study concludes that the EU member states are leaving both the fine-tuning of new legislation and resolution of rather fundamental issues related to the EUCD to the national courts and, ultimately, to the European Court of Justice.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=628007 (548 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: French euro coins
		The euro (EUR or â‚¬) is the currency of 12 European Union (EU) member states (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain), four European microstates that had currency agreements with EU member states (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City State), and two parts...
		All designs share the 12 stars of the EU and the year of imprint as well as the letters "RF" for République Française (French Republic).
		The euro area (also called Eurozone, Eurosystem or Euroland) is the subset of European Union member states which have adopted the euro, creating a currency union.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/French-euro-coins (571 words)

	- EU Code of Conduct for Arms Exports
		Member States will not issue an export licence if there is a clear risk that the intended recipient would use the proposed export aggressively against another country or to assert by force a territorial claim.
		EU Member States will, as appropriate, assess jointly through the CFSP framework the situation of potential or actual recipients of arms exports from EU Member States, in the light of the principles and criteria of the Code of Conduct.
		EU Member States will use their best endeavours to encourage other arms exporting states to subscribe to the principles of this Code of Conduct.
	www.sipri.org /contents/expcon/eucode.html (1682 words)

	Ernst & Young Czech Republic - Media - Press Releases
		Prague, 3 December 2003: The research entitled “Corporate Taxation in the New EU Member States” prepared by Ernst & Young in collaboration with the German institute ZEW is based on a scientifically recognised model used, for example, by the OECD and the European Commission to measure the effective taxation of corporate entities.
		The effective taxation of model investments in the new EU member states is significantly lower: 24% in the Czech Republic, 19% in Hungary, 18% in Latvia and a mere 13% in Lithuania.
		Each of EYG and its member firms is a separate legal entity and has no liability for another such entity's acts or omissions.
	www.ey.com /GLOBAL/content.nsf/Czech_Republic_E/Corporate_Taxation_in_the_New_EU_Member_States (1115 words)

	USTR - United States Takes Next Step in Airbus WTO Litigation
		U.S. and EU officials had extensive conversations in the late spring and early summer, and two sets of meetings in July and then again in September, as the United States sought an EU agreement to negotiate an end to subsidies.
		Officials of the European Commission have stated that launch aid is permissible, in their view, and that it is up to the Member States to decide whether to provide it.
		While the United States remains committed to resolving this matter through the negotiation of a new bilateral agreement, we have concluded that filing a WTO panel request at this time is necessary to ensure that, one way or another, the playing field is leveled.
	www.ustr.gov /Document_Library/Press_Releases/2005/May/United_States_Takes_Next_Step_in_Airbus_WTO_Litigation.html (1528 words)

	Nationals of EU member states, their family members and family members of Slovenian nationals
		EU nationals may enter Slovenia, regardless of the reason for their entry or purpose of their stay, with a valid identity card or passport.
		An EU national who has been residing in Slovenia uninterruptedly for five years on the basis of a certificate of registered residence and who is not likely to pose any threat to public order or national security may also acquire a permanent residence permit with unlimited validity.
		The administrative unit in the area of an EU national's residence is responsible for accepting an application for a certificate of registered residence and for deciding on it as well as accepting an application for permanent residence permit of an EU national and deciding on it.
	www.mnz.gov.si /index.php?id=4093&L=1 (497 words)

	Undermining Global Security: the European Union's arms exports (Site not responding. Last check: )
		EU Member States should act without delay to include the following specific measures either in the Operative Provisions of a strengthened EU Code, or in binding EU agreements such as EU Joint Actions.
		· EU Member States should immediately implement the EU Common Position and include its voluntary recommendations in a legally binding instrument, and in particular should extend the extra-territorial scope of the provisions of the Common Position and provide for the regulation of the transportation and financial services that facilitate brokered arms transfers.
		· EU Member States should strengthen the definitions of security and policing equipment to be banned and controlled in the proposed EC Trade Regulation on the trade in torture and death penalty equipment, as follows.
	www.iansa.org /regions/europe/documents/undermining_security/arms_export_agenda.htm (3670 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| EU strikes deal on service sector
		EU Internal Market Commissioner Charlie McCreevy, who proposed the new text, said few people would have believed last year that any agreement was possible.
		The member states were earlier said to be split over an Austrian proposal for member states to screen each others' legislation, and to compile a register of restrictions imposed on foreign service suppliers.
		AFP news agency says the screening proposal was supported by the new member states, which were disappointed when the European Parliament voted down a proposal allowing service providers to follow the rules of their home country when operating abroad.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/5028248.stm (561 words)

	The EU Member States Described in Figures (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The report makes clear that, notwithstanding their differences, all 25 Member States share core social values and concerns and are confronted with the same basic problems of demographic ageing, a shrinking working population and the need to reform pension and health-care systems.
		As the average age of the population of the EU 25 is gradually increasing, it emerges that one person in six living in the EU is aged 65 and over.
		While the proportion of subscriptions grew rapidly in several Member States, a particularly significant increase was recorded in the Czech Republic, from 9 per 100 inhabitants in 1998 to 84 in 2002.
	www.di-ve.com /dive/portal/portal.jhtml?id=154357&pid=null (960 words)

	WWF - EU member states abuse Emissions Trading System
		The European Commission and Member States must ensure that the total available pollution permits are significantly reduced for the second round of trading, from 2008 to 2012.
		Data from Member States such as Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden and Lithuania show that generous emission allowances granted to companies are causing the decline in carbon prices and distorting the market.
		European environmental NGOs, including WWF, are calling on Member States to improve their National Allocation Plans for the second phase, with stringent caps as well as credible and transparent allocation rules.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/europe/what_we_do/epo/index.cfm?uNewsID=69020 (439 words)

	EU member states mull future of Turkey's accession talks — EUbusiness - EU business, legal and financial news and ...
		EU foreign ministers on Tuesday mulled the future of Turkey's membership bid, after it was thrown into doubt by the collapse of talks aimed at resolving a row over the divided island of Cyprus.
		The European Commission is considering whether to recommend a partial suspension of Turkey's EU accession talks until further notice, with the foreign ministers due to take a decision on the issue on December 11.
		Finland, which is a supporter of Turkey's EU membership, has been trying to resolve the stalemate since September with a proposal that included Turkey opening its ports and the EU trading directly with the self-proclaimed TRNC.
	www.eubusiness.com /East_Europe/061128140659.4wojiyws/view (637 words)

	European Commission
		EU campaign to improve the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at work.
		Cash sums of €10 000 or more - entering or leaving Europe - now have to be declared under new EU law.
		EU one step closer to modern, consumer‑oriented farming policy as it reforms its fruit and vegetable market.
	ec.europa.eu /index_en.htm (235 words)

	Industrial relations in the EU Member States and candidate countries
		Trade unions in the EU Member States have generally seen their membership falling over recent decades – according to most commentators, this is due largely to a number of common trends such as a decline in employment in traditionally high-unionisation manufacturing industry and the growth of lower-unionisation services employment, and increasing levels of 'atypical' employment.
		Among the current Member States, the proportion of employment in industry is highest in Portugal (34%) and lowest in Luxembourg (21.4%), while the proportion of employment in services is highest in Luxembourg (77%) and lowest in Portugal (53%), and the proportion in agriculture highest in Greece (16%) and lowest in Belgium and the UK (1.4%).
		In the EU Member States, the highest rates are found in Sweden (48%) and Finland (47%) and the lowest in Spain (35%) and Italy (36%).
	eurofound.europa.eu /eiro/2002/07/feature/tn0207104f.html (9620 words)

	EU@UN - Climate change: EU Member States need to intensify efforts to reach Kyoto emission targets
		Latest projections indicate that the 15 States which were EU members before 2004 (EU-15) will only just reach their Kyoto Protocol target for cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
		Seven EU-15 Member States project that they will exceed their individual emission limits, which are binding under EU law.
		Seven EU-15 Member States project that their emissions will be higher than allowed under the EU 'burden-sharing' agreement, which translates the 8% reduction commitment into legally binding individual emission targets for each of the EU-15.
	europa-eu-un.org /articles/en/article_6410_en.htm (803 words)

	EU member states uphold GMO ban (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The EU is working on a plan that will require manufacturers to keep records to monitor the movement of their genetically modified products ``from the farm to the supermarket'' and label them.
		She said the EU was leaving itself open to lawsuits and suggested the issue be put on the agenda of the next meeting of EU leaders in December in Brussels.
		The European Commission has failed in its efforts to convince member states to use planned new legislation on GM labeling as a justification to end a moratorium on GM crop approvals.
	monsanto.unveiled.info /europe/euroban.htm (749 words)

	Teachernet, Educational visits to new EU member states - border controls
		However, some consulates or border staff of new EU member states may be uncertain of relevant EU rules or guidelines.
		Pupils who are not nationals of any EU member state may need a visa to travel from the UK to another member state.
		As regards the new accession states, educational visits co-ordinators in schools, or outdoor education advisers in LEAs, could ask the consulate to confirm that appropriate arrangements are in place — and to obtain assurances in writing before leaving the UK.
	www.teachernet.gov.uk /wholeschool/healthandsafety/visits/bordercontrols (401 words)

	Executive Director (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although the EU has a vitally important role to play in the open society cause, most of its leaders in recent years have mainly been preoccupied by the interests of their own states or by the minutiae of their common enterprise.
		Further, the future of the EU as a credible model of open society is being challenged by internal questions such as the integration of minorities in EU member states, the Union ’s constitutional crisis, disagreements over future enlargement, and the democratic legitimacy of the Union ’s decision-making machinery.
		It will be governed by a board of directors drawn from EU member states and, possibly, states that have a good prospect of becoming members of the EU in the foreseeable future.
	www.soros.org /Staging/about/offices/brussels/execdirector (969 words)

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