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	Ear - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The angles between the articulating ear ossicles increase the force applied to the stapes footplate from that of the movement of the malleus (hammer).
		The inner ear includes both the organ of hearing (the cochlea) and a sense organ that is attuned to the effects of both gravity and motion labyrinth or vestibular apparatus.
		When sound strikes the ear drum, the movement is transferred to the footplate of the stapes, which presses into one of the fluid-filled ducts of the cochlea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ear (3124 words)

	Doctor, Please Explain Ear Tubes
		Ear tubes are tiny cylinders placed through the ear drum (tympanic membrane) to allow air into the middle ear.
		Ear tubes are often recommended when a person experiences repeated middle ear infection (acute otitis media) or has hearing loss caused by the persistent presence of middle ear fluid (otitis media with effusion).
		Other less common conditions that may warrant the placement of ear tubes are malformation of the ear drum or Eustachian tube, Down Syndrome, cleft palate, and barotrauma (injury to the middle ear caused by a reduction of air pressure), usually seen with altitude changes such as flying and scuba diving.
	www.entnet.org /healthinfo/ears/Ear-Tubes.cfm (1041 words)

	Ear Surgery Information Center-Tumors, External Ear
		The external ear canal begins at the opening of the cup-shaped portion (concha) of the ear and extends downward to the ear drum.
		The ear drum serves as a partial barrier for the growth of tumors which occur in the external ear canal.
		The incision in the ear extends to the front of the ear and the parotid gland, (the large salivary gland in the cheek).
	www.earsurgery.org /tumext.html (867 words)

	Ear definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		The middle ear consists of the ear drum (the tympanum or tympanic membrane) and, beyond it, a cavity.
		In sum, the middle ear communicates with the pharynx, equilibrates with external pressure and transmits the ear drum vibrations to the inner ear.
		The essential component of the inner ear for hearing is the membranous labyrinth where the fibers of the auditory nerve (the nerve connecting the ear to the brain) end.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3164 (585 words)

	Jackson Ear Clinic
		Sometimes tympanoplasty is as simple as repairing a small hole in the ear drum or as complicated as reconstructing the whole hearing mechanism including the ear drum and the ear bones.
		The graft for the new ear drum is then placed on the outside of the ear drum and then the skin replaced.
		This is a more extensive procedure but is necessary in cases of extensive disease in the ear canal and when the perforation is located in the very front part of the ear canal with the large bulge in the ear canal.
	www.jacksonearclinic.com /pages/piEardrumPeforation.htm (1424 words)

	How The Ear Works - With Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When you yawn or sneeze, or hold your nose and push out on your ear drums with your breath when descending in an airplane, and your ears "pop", the eustachian tube is forced open and the air pressure between the inner ear and the outside is balanced.
		Messages to the brain as to the head's changes in position are generated by the fluid in the semicircular canals acting on calcium carbonate crystals that shift on their bed of sensory hairs in two fluid-filled cavities at the base of the semicircular canals: the utriculus and the sacculus.
		From the vibrating ear drum, the malleus (hammer), the incus (anvil), and the stapes (stirrup), vibrate and transfer the vibrations to the oval window of the inner ear.
	www.hearingcentral.com /howtheearworks.asp (3817 words)

	Surgical Treatment for Infections-Ear Drum Proliferation, and Cholestetoma-Ear Institute of Texas
		If the ear is safe, that is if there is not continuing destruction of the ear by infection or by cholestetoma, and there is minimal hearing loss, medical treatment may be all that is necessary for chronic otitis media.
		When the ear is filled with scar tissue or cholesteatoma, or when the ear bones have been destroyed, it is often necessary to perform the operation in two stages.
		An ear infection or Cholestetoma may cause a perforation is the eardrum and may also damage the three bones that transmit sound from the eardrum to the inner ear and hearing nerve.
	www.earsoftexas.com /surgery_infect.htm (1428 words)

	Your Child's Ear Infections - Pediatrics Infectious Diseases - the University of Minnesota
		Ear pain, fussiness, fever, or ear drainage are the most common symptoms of an ear infection.
		Repeated ear infections are often prevented with a single daily, bedtime does of antibiotic for several months with frequent follow-up examinations by the doctor during this time.
		Ear drum is a thin piece of skin that separates the ear canal from the middle ear and vibrates when sound enters the ear canal.
	www.med.umn.edu /peds/id/care/kidearinfect/home.html (1403 words)

	EAR DRUM AND MIDDLE EAR SURGERY
		A tympanoplasty is the repair of the ear drum (tympanic membrane) and/or middle ear bones.
		Ear drum perforations (holes) are usually caused by trauma or infection.
		The middle ear bones are often damaged by infection or chronic retraction of the tympanic membrane.
	members.aol.com /EarCenter/EarDrumSurgery.html (183 words)

	Ear Infections in Children - Keep Kids Healthy
		Ear infections are very common in children, especially those younger than two years of age, and are a common reason for visits to the Pediatrician.
		An ear drum that is red from crying or because of a fever will still be mobile when tested, and this is a good way to prevent misdiagnosis or over diagnosis of ear infections.
		And antibiotic ear (otic) drops are usually prescribed for ear infections with an open tube, allowing the antibiotic to get right at the sight of the infection (vs. using an oral antibiotic which has to get absorbed in the stomach and get into the blood stream first).
	www.keepkidshealthy.com /welcome/infectionsguide/earinfections.html (1634 words)

	Ear Pain and Infections in Children
		Ear infections are most common between the ages of 6 months and 2 years, but often occur in children up to 8 to 10 years of age.
		Ear pain may continue for one to two days after the antibiotics are started and you may need to continue with the comfort measures.
		The ears feel itchy and painful and it hurts when the earlobe is moved up and down or when the tab on the ear lobe is pushed inward.
	www.kidsource.com /LSPCHS/ear.pain.html (1323 words)

	How the Ear Works - Nature's Solutions for Listening
		The middle ear consists of the ear drum, the middle ear bones, and the membrane over the oval window at the entrance to the inner ear.
		The middle ear bones conduct sound from the ear drum to the fluids of the inner ear.
		The middle ear bones act as mechanical levers and further increase the pressure of the sound at the entrance to the cochlea.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/research/cochlea/Volta/04.html (776 words)

	Perforated Eardrum
		A perforated eardrum is a hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the ear canal and the middle ear.
		The middle ear is connected to the nose by the eustachian tube, which equalizes pressure in the middle ear.
		Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss, and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the ear-drum resulting in a perforation.
	www.entnet.org /healthinfo/ears/perforation.cfm (591 words)

	Hearing Loss News and Articles: Ear infections: Why they occur, how to prevent them
		The eustachian tube is the "pop-off valve" that releases the pressure between the ear and the nose.
		If the fluid that is normally made behind the ear drum cannot drain down the eustachian tube, it will remain behind the ear drum.
		This liquid may cause an ear infection by bringing the genus from the mouth to the ear.
	www.4hearingloss.com /archives/2005/09/ear_infections.html (933 words)

	MEI: Ear Infections and Cholesteatoma
		The ear ordinarily receives ventilation by the Eustachian tube which is a natural connection between the ear and the nose and throat.
		The specifics of any particular ear operation may vary quite a bit because the surgeon can never be certain of the extent of disease until the ear is opened and examined under the microscope at the time of surgery.
		Because the ear drum is rebuilt, however, a second stage surgery is often needed to look beneath the new drum to check for any early signs of recurring cholesteatoma.
	www.michiganear.com /library/C/csomvideo.html (1410 words)

	Chronic ear problems, cholesteatoma, hearing loss, perforated ear drum, ear drum perforation, ear drum surgery, ear ...
		These tubes allow the pressure in the middle ear to be equal to the pressure outside the ear.
		Tubes usually fall out of the ear (as the ear drum grows) within one to two years unless specified by your doctor.
		In addition, ear plugs or ear putty will be recommended if the child lies with ears submerged in bath water, swims deeper than 18 inches, or swims in the Gulf or lake water.
	www.pediatric-ent.com /learning/surgeries/tubes.htm (527 words)

	Ear Surgery Information Center-Cholesteatoma Surgery
		The ear drum is opened at the second operation and the bones of hearing are then reconstructed.
		The child is then referred to an ear specialist and the diagnosis can be confirmed by examining the ear drum with the surgical microscope.
		The ear surgeon will generally discuss the removal of these kinds of cholesteatomas and will indicate that surgery is being performed first to remove the tumor completely from the ear and mastoid.
	www.earsurgery.org /surgcho.html (822 words)

	Retracted ear Drum, Retracted Tympanic Membrane
		In the case of an ear infection, the area behind the ear drum called the middle ear space, is full of fluid.
		The middle ear area is connected to the nose by the Eustachian Tube.
		This is a result of the ear drum moving in response to the pressure changes especially during take off, descent and landing.
	www.drpaul.com /library/RETRACTED.html (505 words)

	UMHS News - Ear Infections
		Ear infections in children are so common because of the common cold, the sharing of germs among school children, and the under-developed immune systems of infants and toddlers.
		"Treatment of an ear infection should occur when there are both symptoms of an acute infection, along with the signs of an ear infection, such as fluid behind the ear drum that looks like pus or infected fluid," says Lesperance.
		In a tympanostomy tube placement, a physician makes a little incision in the ear drum, suctions out any fluid that might be trapped behind the ear drum, and inserts a little tube to keep the hole open.
	www.med.umich.edu /opm/newspage/2002/earinfection.htm (846 words)

	Cholesteatoma, chronic ear problems, hearing loss, ear drum perforations, ear drainage, chronic ear disease; common ...
		The ear is commonly divided into three segments: the external ear which includes the ear lobe and ear canal, the middle ear which includes the ear drum and the ear bones, and the inner ear which houses the hearing organ and the nerve that travels from the ear to the brain.
		A cholesteatoma is a slow-growing mass that may erode adjacent structures including the middle ear bones, (malleus: "hammer", incus: "anvil", and stapes: "stirrup") and the bone surrounding the ear next to the brain.
		This is a special x-ray that allows your doctor to examine in detail the area behind the ear drum as well as the area of the mastoid bone which is located directly behind the ear.
	www.pediatric-ent.com /learning/problems/cholesteatoma.htm (1135 words)

	Ear Drum: Rupture from Infection or Injury - iVillage
		Ear Drum: Rupture from Infection or Injury - iVillage
		Sound energy is received by the external ear; it travels down the ear canal, and causes the eardrum to vibrate.
		(The middle ear is an air-filled space located behind the eardrum.) The middle ear is not usually exposed to the elements.
	health.ivillage.com /ent/ear/0,,6fvl-p,00.html (574 words)

	EAR
		In otitis externa, the external ear canal is inflamed.
		The disease is characterized by itching, a slight discharge, and a progressive narrowing of the external ear canal.
		The compliance of the TM is measured in cubic centimeters, and the pressure in the ear canal is measured in decapascals (daPa).
	www.brucerosemanmd.com /id124.htm (2849 words)

	Ear, Nose, & Throat: Ear Infection in Children
		The middle ear or the outer ear may be infected.
		Middle ear infections involve the area inside the ear drum.
		The outer ear may be tender to touch and there may be hearing loss.
	www.bmhcc.org /health/library/earn4452.asp (409 words)

	The Ear Wax FAQ
		Ear wax, sticky stuff that it is, traps anything foreign that flies, crawls, or is blown into the ear canals.
		The primary purpose of ear wax is to protect your ear canal and ear drum from such foreign materials.
		People who have a history of middle ear infections, swimmer's ear, or a hole in the ear drum should NOT try these remedies, nor should they allow a physician to irrigate their ears, as such methods can lead to a painful and/or dangerous ear infection.
	www.doctorhoffman.com /wax.htm (1132 words)

	Howstuffworks "Why do my ears pop when I dive in the deep end of the pool?"
		The ear canal is a tube, and at the end of the tube is the ear drum -- a thin piece of skin stretched tight like a drum over the end of the ear canal.
		On the other side of the ear drum is a hollow space filled with air, called the middle ear (see this page for a nice illustration).
		When you swim to the bottom of the deep end, the water is pressing into the ear canal at 19 PSI, so the ear drum bows inward because of the pressure difference.
	www.howstuffworks.com /question193.htm (563 words)

	Ear Wax and Ear Care by MedicineNet.com
		Ear wax is helpful in normal amounts and serves to coat the skin of the ear canal where it acts as a temporary water repellent.
		Glandular secretions, sloughed skin cells, normal bacteria present on the surface of the canal, and water may all be present in ear wax.
		Most of the time the ear canals are self-cleaning; that is, there is a slow and orderly migration of the skin lining the ear canal from the eardrum to the outer opening of the ear.
	www.medicinenet.com /ear_wax/article.htm (272 words)

	ISU CVM Companion Animal Dermatology/Ears: Otitis Externa
		Trauma to the ear canal during treatment of the ear canal, necessary or unnecessary, can damage the epithelial lining of the canal and predispose the pet to infections.
		Hyperplasia of the ear canal may be caused by repeated episodes of otitis externa and the development of scar tissue in the ear canal.
		Ears should be cleaned regularly (every 2-7 days as needed to keep the ears clean) when they are inflammed.
	www.vetmed.iastate.edu /faculty_staff/Users/noxon/Ears/ears.html (1960 words)

	Sound Waves and the Eardrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The eardrum is attached to the bones of the middle ear - the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
		These vibrations are then transmitted to the fluid of the inner ear where they are converted to electrical nerve impulses which are sent to the brain.
		This high amplitude vibration is transmitted to the fluid of the inner ear and encoded in the nerve signal which is sent to the brain.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/mmedia/waves/edl.html (614 words)

	EAR TUBES
		Ear tubes, also called "PE Tubes" (pressure equalizing tubes), allow air to get into the ear space behind the ear drum.
		Air is needed in this space to allow the ear drum to move.
		When there is a hearing loss, even a mild one, the spoken words of parents and siblings are distorted to the child with fluid in the ears.
	members.aol.com /EarCenter/Eartubes.html (246 words)

	Photographs of Ear Tubes, Eardrums, Infections, Cholesteatomas, and Acute Otitis Media (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		(the ear bone which attaches to the eardrum) with the ear canal, thus preventing the drum from vibrating.
		However, this ear was also the patient's only hearing ear and there was not a history of pain or drainage.
		On examination, the eardrum had a circular abrasion in the posterior superior quadrant, The middle ear was air containing.
	www.entorg.net /eardrum_and_middle_ear.htm (1228 words)

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