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	Research - People - Earl Browder - Kansas State Historical Society
		Earl was then dividing his time between his job and the activities in the Socialist party until at length his political ambitions became too much for his employers and he lost his job, so it was said by a former neighbor.
		Browder served a sentence in Leavenworth federal prison after refusing to register for the World war army draft on the ground that he was a conscientious objector.
		Browder, now 68, a native of Wichita with three sons teaching mathematics in American universities relates how his "apostasy" was disclosed and his purge announced in the famous "Duclos letter," allegedly penned by Jacques Duclos in a French Communist journal in 1945, but actually Kremlin-dictated.
	www.kshs.org /people/browder_earlvertical.htm (3114 words)

	EARL BROWDER
		Browder was born in 1891 in Wichita, Kansas.
		Browder adopted Stalin's idea of the "popular front", whereby the Communists work with a wing of the "liberal bourgeoisie" to fight the Nazis.
		This extreme popular frontism — known as "Browderism" by the Soviet Communists — was the official reason for his expulsion from the American CP in 1946.
	reds.linefeed.org /bios/browder.html (604 words)

	Earl Browder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Browder became general secretary of the party in 1930 and took over the top position of party chairman in 1932 after William Z. Foster suffered a heart attack.
		Browder was sentenced to prsion in 1940, ostensibly due to passport violations, but was released after 14 months When the US joined World War II and became an ally of the Soviet Union.
		Browder's final public appearance was in a debate With Max Shachtman, the dissident Trotskyist, in which the pair debated socialism.
	earl-browder.iqnaut.net (623 words)

	Guardian \| 'I see myself as Russia's true believer'
		His grandfather, Earl Browder, was head of the US Communist party in the middle of the last century and twice ran for president; his grandmother was a Russian intellectual; his father is a left-leaning maths professor.
		When Browder went to Moscow to set up Hermitage in 1996, he was retracing the footsteps of his grandfather, who in 1927 had been invited to the Russian capital as the US delegate to the Comintern, the Communist International.
		Browder must have been tough to survive in the 1990s, when he faced both the economic implosion of 1998 that saw most western investors quit Russia and the wrath of the oligarchs.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,329448838-103610,00.html (1624 words)

	Russia's biggest portfolio investor barred - Boston.com
		Browder has been based in Britain since late last year because he has been unable to re-enter Russia where Hermitage is headquartered.
		Browder continues to fight alleged fraud and cost overruns at state-controlled gas behemoth Gazprom and is challenging the shadowy ownership structure of oil major Surgutneftegaz, which is thought to have close ties to the Kremlin.
		Browder also backed the government's tax and fraud case against Russia's richest man, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, as a just response to a tycoon he argues was out to increase his vast wealth by interfering with government policy.
	www.boston.com /business/articles/2006/03/20/russias_biggest_portfolio_investor_barred (490 words)

	Classic Capitalism - Review of Earl Browder's "Marx and America" by Howard Fast
		EARL BROWDER is a remarkable man. In this time, when a stubborn consideration of facts is regarded as old-fashioned and often improper, he continues to revere the fact as the most important essential in the art of thinking.
		Browder has written a calm and thoughtful analysis of the American development in terms of Marxism - and in so doing he has laid some of the basis for a better understanding of the Soviet revision of Marxism.
		Thus Browder comes to the point of his writing: that in the oppression of one nation by another it is not the oppressed but the oppressor who pays the greatest price.
	www.trussel.com /hf/classic.htm (725 words)

	Browder Ford Oval Jugate Pinback 1936 Communist Party (BROWDEROVAL)
		Earl Browder, the son of William Browder, a schoolteacher, was born in Wichita, Kansas, on 20th May, 1891.
		When Browder was released he continued to campaign against the war and was imprisoned for a second time (1919-20).
		In 1940 Browder was found guilty of passport irregularities and sentenced to prison for four years.
	www.catgen.com /bandl/EN/100013478.html (573 words)

	Earl Russell Browder Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Earl Russell Browder (1891-1973) was the head of the Communist party of the United States during its most influential and prosperous period, 1930-1945.
		Earl Browder was born on May 20, 1891, in Wichita, Kansas, one of 10 children.
		The Federal government permitted Browder to live in peace after 1959, when it dropped an indictment returned against him 7 years earlier on the grounds that he had lied on his wife's citizenship application about her membership in the Communist party.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/earl-russell-browder (773 words)

	Case of Banned Investor Is Seen As a Test of Russia's Progress
		Browder wasn't told why, but he says he believes he ran afoul of someone influential because of his outspoken criticism of Russian corporate governance.
		Earl Browder died when William was only 9, and the younger Browder says his orientation is clearly different.
		Browder shows little sympathy for the jailed Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the former chairman of oil giant OAO Yukos and an outspoken critic of Putin.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/12/AR2006071201782_pf.html (1218 words)

	DECLINE OF THE AMERICAN COMMUNIST PARTY.
		Earl Browder was born in Wichita, Kansas, the son of a teacher.
		Browder had led the American version of the popular front, which was known as ‘the democratic anti-fascist coalition’ in the war years.
		After Browder was expelled by his local party branch with the approval of the National Committee, the latter issued a statement which said that the party ‘must root out all vestiges of revisionism and all rotten liberal attitudes toward Browder and conciliators of Browderism’.
	www.oneparty.co.uk /html/tcrevw04.html (6401 words)

	Tom Kemp: Browder 'Refutes' Karl Marx (1959)
		Browder was Secretary of the Communist Party of the US from 1930 to 1945.
		Browder’s book, however, is worth some detailed examination because it offers Marxists an opportunity to deal with some of the characteristic arguments of the anti-Marxist crusaders.
		For example, Browder makes a point of emphasizing that Marx there stated that “although we can fix the minimum of wages, we cannot fix their maximum.” If that means that the upper limit cannot be deduced by analysis in terms of money units, that there is a range of indeterminacy, so well and good.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/writers/kemp/1959/xx/browder.htm (1827 words)

	WARREN, Earl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Earl Warren issues a report on the assassination of President Kennedy
		On January 17, 1952, three-term California Governor Earl Warren addressed the Republican National Committee on the future of the Republican Party.
		In 1936, Earl Browder, head of the U.S. Communist Party since 1930, announced his candidacy for the U.S. presidency.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=225496 (819 words)

	Investor still sees Russia as 'my place' - Business - International Herald Tribune
		In November, Browder arrived at the VIP lounge in a Moscow airport during one of dozens of annual trips he takes in and out of the country.
		Browder did not start the fund thinking that he would be campaigning to change Russia's governance standards.
		Browder was adamant that despite the visa issue, he was not considering changing his focus to another country.
	www.iht.com /articles/2006/04/25/business/browder.php (891 words)

	Hermitage Fund - The Radical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Earl Browder was the biggest Communist in America.
		Earl, originally a labor organizer from Kansas, spent the 1920s in Russia, where he became tight with the Stalinists and met his wife, Raissa.
		Browder started this investing during a business assignment in Poland, where state-owned factories and businesses could be had for a pittance.
	hermitagefund.com /index.pl/news/article.html?id=781 (1483 words)

	Earl Browder: The Failure of American Communism. - book reviews Washington Monthly - Find Articles
		Even disregarding his politics, Browder does not come across as even remotely likable, and Ryan, a professor at Texas A&M University at Galveston, is to be congratulated, if not pitied, for having the fortitude to spend years in the company of such an unpleasant subject.
		Born in Wichita, Kansas, in 1891, Browder was the son of a failed farmer and school teacher.
		Prison for Browder, as for his Bolshevik heroes, was a school for revolution; it taught him discipline and gave him time to read the Marxist classics and nurse his already festering resentment against American society.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1316/is_n7_v29/ai_19596315 (830 words)

	If Only for One Nite by James Earl HardyX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		James Earl Jones Reads the Bible by James Earl Jon : In a voice as rich as it is recognized, James Earl Jones lends his narrative talents to the King James Versi...
		The Burdensome Joy of Preaching by James Earl Mass : In this volume James Earl Massey explores both the sense of burden and the sense of joy that accompanies the...
		Earl Browder: The Failure of American Communism by : Earl Browder, the preeminent 20th-century Communist party leader in the United States, steered the CPUSA thr...
	www.tonsofspecials.com /sales.php?566161 (665 words)

	Earl Browder : The Failure of American Communism by James G. Ryan - 0817308431
		Earl Browder was the preeminent Communist party leader in the United States in the 20th century.
		A Kansas native and veteran of numerous radical movements, Browder was peculiarly fitted by circumstance and temperament to head "the cause" during its heyday, the critical years of the Great Depression and World War II.
		Ryan's comprehensive biography sheds new light on both the life of Earl Browder and the workings of the Communist party in the United States during its peak of popularity.
	www.allbookstores.com /book/0817308431/James_G_Ryan/Earl_Browder.html (353 words)

	Shachtman-NI-Is Russia a Socialist Community?
		Earl Browder, former General Secretary of the Communist Party in the United States from 1930 to 1944, and Mr.
		Browder is prepared to debate that, I will also give him an answer on the "stupid Trotskyist slogan of neither peace nor war" that he won't forget for a year.
		Browder was the editor of the paper of the Trade Union Educational League when I first met him, It was a good paper, and it was well edited.
	www.ucc.ie /acad/socstud/tmp_store/mia_2/Library/archive/shachtma/works/ni11.htm (15142 words)

	Earl Browder Summary
		Earl Browder was born on May 20, 1891...
		Earl Browder is most widely known as the leader of the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) during the years in which the Party enjoyed its greatest influence and recognition, from the early years of the Great Depression to the U.S. in...
		Earl Russell Browder(May 20 1891 – June 27 1973) was an American socialist and leader of the Communist Party USA.
	www.bookrags.com /Earl_Browder (165 words)

	THE PARTY WASN'T FUN - New York Times
		Browder led the Communist Party from 1934 to 1945, its most successful period, and he seemed to make a career of hanging on to Lenin's wildly careening ''locomotive of history'' by his fingernails.
		Browder's crusade to become part of the New Deal coalition and abandon the Bolshevik model of violent revolution.
		Browder said of William Z. Foster during one of their many wrangles: ''He is terribly confused, tragically confused; I think he has lost his way.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE5DF1F38F937A25751C0A964948260&sec=&pagewanted=print (861 words)

	John S. Codman / The Three Basic Rights
		Browder's point of view will do as well as any other to illustrate this lack of understanding.
		Browder expresses rather vaguely his idea of capitalism on page 172 as follows: "Such problems are inherent in the economic, social and political order which dominates Great Britain and the United States.
		Browder's statement on page 254 of his book, as follows: "It is the extreme of unreason to assume that only the unlimited demand of war can bring forth the maximum production of our economy, while peace must necessarily be accompanied by idleness and stagnation.
	www.cooperativeindividualism.org /codman-john_rights.html (1402 words)

	Amazon.ca: Earl Browder: The Failure of American Communism: Books: James G. Ryan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Native Kansan Earl Browder brought a midwestern twang to American Communism, leading the Party's U.S. branch from 1932 to 1945, but his individualistic streak was also his downfall.
		James G. Ryan follows Browder's career through his adolescent canvasing for Socialist presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs and imprisonment for pacifist resistance to World War I to his rise through the ranks of the CPUSA and guidance of the party during the Popular Front years.
		Although he professed loyalty to Stalin, Browder believed that he could step away from the party line; by the end of World War II, his mistaken belief would result in a Stalin-sanctioned ouster.
	www.amazon.ca /Earl-Browder-Failure-American-Communism/dp/0817308431 (380 words)

	Earl Browder
		Earl Browder, a young, dainty man of some 25 or 26 who bought (and wore) baby-blue silk Russian smocks in the market; and long fl silk ribbons which he wore as belts.
		Earl Russell Browder, Kansas born Communist leader, was convicted of passport fraud in federal court today and was sentenced to four years in prison and fined $2,000.
		In broad historical outline, this fact is seen in the span of 150 years required for the rise of America to its present position as one of the two world giants compared with the span of 30 years required by the USSR to make the same transition.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAbrowder.htm (2537 words)

	Browder (Earl), The Papers, 1891-1975
		Earl Browder's place in history as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the United States of America from 1929-1944 corresponds precisely to that time when the party had its greatest impact on American politics and labor.
		Also featured are unpublished manuscripts, news releases, and Browder's reports to the National Committee and National Convention of the Communist Party.
		Included are 53 photographs of Browder, his family and friends, and various prominent American Communists such as James W. Ford, William Z. Foster, and Ella Reeve Bloor.
	www.proquest.com /products_umi/descriptions/Browder-Earl-Papers-62.shtml (412 words)

	History of Soviet espionage in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Earl Browder, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA), served as an agent recruiter himself on behalf of Soviet intelligence.
		Browder later stated that "by the mid-thirties, the Party was not putting its principal emphasis on recruiting members." Left unstated was his intent to use party members for espionage work, where suitable.
		Browder advocated the use of a United Front involving other members of the left, both to strengthen advocacy of pro-Soviet policy and to enlarge the pool of potential recruits for espionage work.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States (2390 words)

	An Essay on Historical Writing on Domestic Communism
		Isserman concentrates on the CPUSA during WWII and ends with the ouster of Earl Browder as party chief in mid-1945.
		One consisted of the CPUSA headquarters in New York to which was attributed the regrettable part of Communist history: subordination to Moscow, support for Stalin’s purges, cheers for the Nazi-Soviet Pact, contempt for political democracy, and fervent belief in Marxism-Leninism.
		Earl Latham found Bentley’s story credible, but he was the last of the "Communism in American Life" authors; and in 1966 he noted the consensus view that Bentley’s charges were the "imaginings of a neurotic spinster."[45] The absence of any detailed scholar investigation of the Bentley affair allowed this consensus to continue until the mid-1990s.
	www.johnearlhaynes.org /page67.html (12651 words)

	Marxism message, RE: [Marxism] Earl Browder
		Browder's comments were written in 1944 Randolph called, and then called off, the March on Washington in 1941, three years earlier.
		=========================================== When Browder proposed dissolving the CPUSA to show that the party was made up of loyal Americans and democrats and not a bunch of subversives, he was taking the logic implicit in the wartime alliance to the absurd limit.
		When the Cold War broke out and Thorez attacked Browder publicly, this signalled a recognition that the USA and the USSR had mutually exclusive interests.
	archives.econ.utah.edu /archives/marxism/2005w39/msg00384.htm (480 words)

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