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Topic: Earldom of Orkney

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	Orkney Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1468 Orkney and Shetland were pledged by Christian I of Denmark and Norway for the payment of the dowry of his daughter Margaret, betrothed to James III of Scotland, and as the money was never paid, their connection with the crown of Scotland has been perpetual.
		In 1471 James bestowed the castle and lands of Ravenscraig in Fife on William, earl of Orkney, in exchange for all his rights to the earldom of Orkney, which, by act of parliament, passed on February 20, 1472, was annexed to the Scottish crown.
		The toponymy of the Orkneys is wholly Norse, and the Norse tongue, at last extinguished by the constant influx of settlers from Scotland, lingered until the end of the 18th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orkney_Islands (2588 words)

	ORKNEY, EARL OF - LoveToKnow Article on ORKNEY, EARL OF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Orkney Islands (q.v.) were ruled by jarls or earls under the supremacy of the kings of Norway from very early times to about 1360, many of these jarls being also earls of Caithness under the supremacy of the Scottish kings.
		His son Patrick acted in a very arbitrary manner in the Orkneys, where he set the royal authority at defiance; in 1609 he was seized and imprisoned, and, after his bastard son Robert had suffered death for heading a rebellion, he himself was executed in February 1614, when his honors and estates were forfeited.
		At Blenheim it was Orkneys command which carried the village, and in June 1705 he led a flying column which marched from the Moselle to the rescue of Liege.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /O/OR/ORKNEY_EARL_OF.htm (2914 words)

	ORKNEY ISLANDS - LoveToKnow Article on ORKNEY ISLANDS
		Orkney unites with Shetland to send one member to parliament, and Kirkwall, the county town and the only royal burgh, is one of the Wick district groups of parliamentary burghs.
		In 1468 the Orkneys and Shetlands were pledged by Christian I. of Denmark for the payment of the dowry of his daughter Margaret, betrothed to James III.
		William, earl of Orkney, in exchange for all his rights to the earldom of Orkney, which, by act of parliament passed on the 20th of February of the same year, was annexed to the Scottish crown.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /O/OR/ORKNEY_ISLANDS.htm (4835 words)

	Orkney Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Orkney lies between 58° 41' and 59° 24' North, and 2° 22' and 3° 26' West, measures 50 miles (80 km) from Northeast to Southwest and 29 miles (47 km) from East to West, and covers 3755 square miles (973 km²).
		The topography of the Orkneys is wholly Norse, and the Norse tongue, at last extinguished by the constant influx of settlers from Scotland, lingered until the end of the 18th century.
		Thus the succession and mode of land tenure (that is, absolute freehold as distinguished from feudal tenure) lingered to some extent, and the remaining udallers held their lands and passed them on without written title.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Orkney_Islands (2435 words)

	Earl of Orkney. Who is Earl of Orkney? What is Earl of Orkney? Where is Earl of Orkney? Definition of Earl of Orkney. ...
		His descendant, William Sinclair, surrendered the earldom of Orkney in exchange for the earldom of Caithness.
		The next Orkney title was the dukedom of Orkney, which was given to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, husband of Queen Mary I, in 1567.
		The last creation of the earldom was in favour of the man who would become the first British Field Marshal, Lord George Hamilton, the fifth son of William Douglas, Duke of Hamilton.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Earl_of_Orkney (254 words)

	Sinclair Earls of Orkney (1379-1471)
		The Earldom was reclaimed by the Crown in 1471, conveyed to James' 11 year old daughter Margaret of Scotland to France for her marriage to the Dauphin (Crown Prince of the French).
		The Earldom of Caithness was not granted by the Scots King Robert II to Henry de Saint Clair.
		Orkney was deemed to be worth 50,000 florins, Shetland 8,000 florins whilst the balance of 2,000 florins was paid in cash.
	sinclair.quarterman.org /sinclair/who/earls_of_orkney.html (1642 words)

	Orkney Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Pentland Firth separates the Orkney Islands from the mainland of Scotland.
		The Orkneys lie between 58° 41' and 59° 24' North, and 2° 22' and 3° 26' West, measure 50 miles from Northeast to Southwest and 29 miles from East to West, and cover 240,476 acres or 3755 sqare miles.
		In 1468 the Orkneys and Shetlands were pledged by Christian I of Denmark for the payment of the dowry of his daughter Margaret, betrothed to James III of Scotland, and as the money was never paid, their connection with the crown of Scotland has been perpetual.
	www.theezine.net /o/orkney-islands.html (2045 words)

	Clan SINCLAIR
		At his investiture with the earldom of Orkney in 1434 he acknowledged the Norwegian jurisdiction over the islands, and in 1446 he was summoned to Norway as a vassal.
		On the death of Alexander, ninth Earl of Caithness, without a male heir, the earldom was claimed by a grandson of David Sinclair of Broynach, brother of the eighth Earl.
		Both in 1768 and 1786, however, the courts repelled this claim, and the earldom accordingly passed to William Sinclair of Ratter, representative of Sir John Sinclair of Greenland, third son of the Master of Caithness, fourth Earl.
	www.electricscotland.com /WEBCLANS/stoz/sinclai2.html (3898 words)

	Gathering of the Clans - Devoted To All Things Scottish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		His son, Henry married Isobel, co-heiress of the Earldom of Orkney and Caithness and thus transported the Sinclairs to the far north of Scotland.
		In 1455 William, 3rd Sinclair Earl of Orkney was granted the Earldom of Caithness.
		In 1470 the Earl of Orkney and Caithness was compelled to resign Orkney to James III in exchange for the Castle of Ravenscraig in Fife.
	www.tartans.com /print.php?sid=306 (580 words)

	Orkney Islands
		Orkney's administrative capital is Kirkwall on Mainland, a small city (due to the Saint Magnus Cathedral[?]) of about 7,000 inhabitants, with a large port.
		The charm of the Orkneys doesn't lie in their ordinary physical features, so much as in beautiful atmospheric effects, extraordinary examples of light and shade, and rich coloration of cliff and sea.
		Such implements as have survived are of the rudest description, and include querns[?] or stone handmills for grinding corn, stone whorls and bone combs employed in primitive forms of woollen manufacture, and specimens of simple pottery ware.
	www.fastload.org /or/Orkney_Islands.html (2056 words)

	Earls of Orkney
		Earls of Orkney, Paul was married to the daughter of Hakon Ivarsson, Erlend was married to Thora, daughter of Sumarlidi Ospakson
		Earl of Stratherne, Caithness and Orkney, son of Malise, married to
		Earl of Orkney, son of younger Henry, exchanged his rights to the Earldom of Orkney for the lands of Ravenscraig in 1471.
	www.fortunecity.com /bally/leitrim/147/orkney.html (696 words)

	NABO: From the Viking Age to the Middle Ages in Norse Orkney (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Using evidence from the Norse earldom of Orkney, northern Scotland, as a case study, we propose to investigate the possibility that the "Viking Age/medieval transition" masks a series of closely spaced and dramatic shifts in socio-economic organisation.
		In Orkney there is evidence of substantial land reorganisation within turf dyke enclosed township areas, followed by the introduction of turf based manuring practices.
		Orkney was chosen as a relatively tightly bounded study area with a rich archaeological record (Morris 1992).
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk /nabo/field1.html (2606 words)

	GENUKI: Orkney
		Orkney Family History Researchers are engaged in researching the histories of families in every parish and island in Orkney.
		Orkney is blessed with a wealth of records which are of use to both historians and genealogists.
		Orkney Today is the county's first new weekly newspaper in 42 years, and was launched in October 2003.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/sct/OKI (4050 words)

	The Case for Udal Law. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On 8 Sept 1468 Orkney was pawned by the Danish to the Scottish Crown.
		Annexation of the Earldom of Orkney to the Scots Crown was set in hand on 17 Feb 1471 and confirmed by Act of Parliament on 20 May 1471 [Scots Acts 1471, c.4].
		Infringements of similar Orkney and Shetland possessory Fishing Rights led in the same year, 1618, to a formal complaint to the King ‘as head of the nation’ and to whom was paid skat for national defence.
	www.udallaw.com /udalcase.htm (4846 words)

	Orkney & ShetlandThings to do (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The history of Orkney and Shetland is bound up with the history of the Vikings, who first came to the islands in the latter half of the ninth century and stayed for about 650 years.
		In 1469 the Royal estates and prerogatives in Orkney and Shetland were pledged to Scotland as part of the marriage dowry of Margaret, daughter of the King of Denmark, on her marriage to Prince James of Scotland, later to become King James III.
		Orkney and Shetland were to revert to rule by the kings of Norway when the debt was paid, but the pledge was never redeemed and the islands remained under Scottish control.
	www.travelscotland.co.uk /guide/orkney/things_to_do.htm (1697 words)

	shetlandislandsresstudies
		Y - Chromosome DNA Studies of the Shetland and Orkney Islands.
		The focus was on ascertaining the genetic evidence concering the cultural heritage of Orkney.
		It is unfortunate that the names of the categories (haplogroups) continue to change, making direct comparisons between studies challenging and sometimes imprecise.
	www.davidkfaux.org /shetlandislandsresstudies.html (354 words)

	Orkneyjar - Viking Orkney - The Beginning of the Earldom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the details of the earliest Norse contact with Orkney are vague, the circumstances surrounding the founding of the Orkney earldom are no clearer.
		It is tempting to think of the Saga's Orkney based "Vikings" were perhaps political opponents of Harald, whose forceful subjugation of Norway had dispossessed a number of Norwegian landowners.
		With Orkney in his hands he had the means to expand his territory and soon took Caithness, Sutherland and sections of Argyll on the Scottish mainland.
	www.orkneyjar.com /history/vikingorkney/earldom.htm (676 words)

	Orkney
		Generations after they were barons of Roslin, the Sinclairs also became for a time Earls of Orkney, the most famous of whom was Prince Henry Sinclair.
		Descendants of the Scollay family from the Orkney Islands might be interested in what one of their ancestors has wrought here in Boston.
		The others, not having a tartan of their own and because they were 'subjects' of the St Clairs/Sinclairs, who held semi-regal state in Orkney and Shetland, would be entitled to wear the Sinclair hunting or green tartan just as other Scots (who have no tartan of their own) can wear the Royal Stewart.
	sinclair2.quarterman.org /sinclair/orkney.html (368 words)

	Orkney Islands : Orkney (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1468 the Orkneys and Shetlands were pledged by Christian I of Denmark for the payment of the dowry of his daughter Margaret, betrothed to III of Scotland">James III of Scotland, and as the money was never paid, their connection with the crown of Scotland has been perpetual.
		The see remained vacant from 1580 to 1606, and from 1638 till the Restoration, and, after the accession of III of England">William III, the episcopacy was finally abolished (1697), although many of the clergy refused to conform.
		When the islands were given as security for the princess's dowry, there seems reason to believe that it was intended to redeem the pledge, because it was then stipulated that the Norse system of government and the law of II of Norway"> Saint Olaf should continue to be observed in Orkney and Shetland.
	www.wordlookup.net /or/orkney.html (2278 words)

	Orkneyjar - The Orkneyinga Saga
		An important source for understanding the history of Norse Earldom of Orkney lies in the Icelandic sagas.
		After three chapters dealing with the mythical ancestry of the later earls, the saga's adventurous account begins with the semi-mythical tales of the conquest of Orkney by Harold Fairhair, the King of Norway.
		Within its pages, we are introduced to some of the most powerful figures of Viking Britain - Sigurd the Mighty, the first Earl of Orkney; Haakon Paulsson, Svein Asleifarson, Sigurd the Stout, Earl Rognvald and in particular the beloved Earl Magnus the Martyr, the saint still revered throughout Orkney today.
	www.orkneyjar.com /history/saga.htm (491 words)

	Earl of Orkney - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The original Earl of Orkney was a Norse jarl controlling Orkney in the period 875-1231.
		When the line became extinct, the earldom of Caithness was granted to Magnus, second son of the earl of Angus, whom the king of Norway apparently confirmed in the title.
		Later that year, however, he forfeited the title when his wife was forced to abdicate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Earl_of_Orkney (333 words)

	The Case for Udal Law. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Orkney and Shetland not colonies and already had a long established legal and constitutional position.
		Orkney and Shetland situation not raised in Parliament.
		EuroControl of Orkney and Shetland waters technically illegal as they were given by the UK Parliament when not available for gift, having the same status as Faeroe.
	www.udallaw.com /chronology.htm (3144 words)

	The Norse Earls of Orkney
		The islands of Orkney, off the north coast of Scotland, were the centre of a powerful Norse Earldom which lasted from the ninth century to the thirteenth, and remained under Norwegian sovereignity right up until 1468.
		He was granted the Earldom by his brother, Earl Rognvald of More in Norway, who himself had received it from King Harald Fairhair as compensation for the loss of a son.
		Einar was the second oldest son of Sigurd the Stout, and ruled the Earldom jointly with his brothers Sumarlidi, Brussi and Thorfinn.
	www.geocities.com /danrenuk/norse.htm (1398 words)

	H2G2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In amongst this confusion of succession lies a year of drama in Orkney, which resulted in the martyrdom of one of its earls.
		In this case, it is the Orkneyinga Saga, or the history of the Earldom of Orkney, which covers 350 years of Norwegian rule in the islands and which was written contemporarily, often with the help of skalds or song-makers.
		The veracity of the sagas may be questioned by some academics, but the martyrdom of Magnus has also passed from generation to generation by Orcadian storytellers.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/pda/A2225170 (193 words)

	New World Celts
		Prince Henry gained the Earldom of Orkney in 1379.
		He sailed under the Norwegian Flag, as the Orkney's were also an Earldom of Norway.
		The Prince of Orkney was undoubtedly involved in the Order of the Knights Templar, who were forcibly disbanded in 1307, although they continued on in one form or another.
	www.newworldcelts.org /prince_henry_sinclair.htm (647 words)

	Orkneyinga Saga - Hermann Palsson - Penguin Group (USA)
		The only medieval chronicle to have Orkney as the central place of action, it tells of an era when the islands were still part of the Viking world, beginning with their conquest by the kings of Norway in the ninth century.
		The saga describes the subsequent history of the Earldom of Orkney and the adventures of great Norsemen such as Sigurd the Powerful, St Magnus the Martyr and Hrolf, the conqueror of Normandy.
		Savagely powerful and poetic, this is a fascinating depiction of an age of brutal battles, murder, sorcery and bitter family feuds.
	www.penguinputnam.com /nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,0_0140443835,00.html (124 words)

	The Sinclair Clan\ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sir William Sinclair accompanied Sir James Douglas to Spain with the heart of Robert the Bruce, and was killed fighting the Moors.
		His son Henry acquired the Earldom of Orkney in 1379 and the 3rd Earl received the Earldom of Caithness in 1455.
		In 1391 Henry, Earl of Orkney, enlisted a shipwrecked Venetian to captain a fleet of exploration.
	home.austin.rr.com /rsincla/genealogy/clan.html (208 words)

	How James III obtained Orkney and Shetland from William St Clair the builder of Rosslyn Chapel
		It seems there were considerable arrears when it was finally cancelled by the treaty of marriage between James III to Margaret, daughter of Christian, king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden 1468.
		In that treaty Christian pledged his all his lands and rights in Orkney for 50,000 florins, which was to be the bulk of his daughter's dowry of 60,000 florins.
		The Earldom of Orkney was obtained from William St Clair by James III which, unusually were assigned to the kings of Scotland in heritage.
	www.rosslyntemplars.org.uk /orkney&shetland.htm (260 words)

	Orkney Symposium
		He provided bus transportation which was second to none in the touring of the Island (Orkney).
		This was the time when Jarl Henry Sinclair was granted the earldom of Orkney.
		He noted that a logical route from Orkney to the New World would lead Jarl Henry to the Shetland Islands.
	www.clansinclairusa.org /gatherings/clan_gat_orksymp.php (2376 words)

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