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Topic: Earley parser

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	Ammunition (Reusable packages) - C interface: Earley parser
		Lookahead with static (independent on input tokens) context sets in parser situation (value 1) gives the best results with the point of view of space and speed, lookahead with dynamic (dependent on input tokens) context sets in parser situations (all the rest parameter values) does slightly worse, and no usage of lookaheads does the worst.
		Function `parse_alloc' is used by Earley parser to allocate memory for parse tree representation (translation).
		Function `parse_free' is used by the parser to free memory allocated by `parse_alloc'.
	cocom.sourceforge.net /ammunition-13.html (2330 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Earley algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Earley parser is a type of chart parser mainly used for parsing in computational linguistics, named after its inventor, Jay Earley.
		Earley parsers are appealing because they can parse all context-free languages.
		In computer science, a GLR parser, generalized LR parser is an extension of a LR parser algorithm to handle nondeterministic and ambiguous grammars.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Earley-algorithm (0 words)

	Motivation
		Earley parsing is intractable in general, as the rule set is simply too general.
		The memory requirements for an implementation of the Earley parser for a constraint-based grammar are often outrageous.
		A head-corner parser for a grammar in which for each rule the left-most daughter is considered to be the head, will effectively function as a left-corner parser.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~vannoord/papers/cl97/node1.html (0 words)

	Wikipedia: Parser
		A parser is a computer program or a component of a program that analyses the grammatical structure of an input, with respect to a given formal grammar, a process known as parsing.
		Programming language parsers tend to be based on context free grammars as fast and efficient parsers can be written for them.
		Such parsers are usually not written by hand but generated by parser generators.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/p/pa/parser.html (0 words)

	Earley parser - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Earley parser is a type of chart parser mainly used for parsing in computational linguistics, named after its inventor, Jay Earley.
		Earley parsers are appealing because they can parse all context-free languages.
		The Earley parser executes in cubic time in the general case, and quadratic time for unambiguous grammars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Earley_parser (554 words)

	Parser - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Typically, a parser transforms some input text into a data structure that can be processed easily, e.g.
		Such a data structure usually captures the implied hierarchy of the input and forms a tree or even a graph.
		The task of the parser can be summarized as to determine if and how the input can be derived from the start symbol with the rules of the formal grammar.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Parser (0 words)

	Verocitas » Evolution of a parser: Simple Earley recogniser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Effectively this meant that my testing of the parser revolved around repeated attempts to parse variations on “book that flight” and “quickly get the diamond ring slowly from the man with the sword on a hat on a table”.
		The parser was built up incrementally, with almost everything imaginable being given its own class complete with unit tests and a contract harness to ensure that pre-conditions and post-conditions were satisfied.
		Previously all the classes that had been created were related to states, grammars, Earley charts and the predictor, scanner and completer required by the Earley algorithm.
	verocitas.com /blog/2006/10/24/evolution-of-a-parser-simple-earley-recogniser (0 words)

	Completion
		For each input symbol and corresponding state set, an Earley parser performs all three operations exhaustively, i.e., until no new states are generated.
		It is easy to see that Earley parser operations are correct, in the sense that each chain of transitions (predictions, scanning steps, completions) corresponds to a possible (partial) derivation.
		The relationship between Earley transitions and derivations will be stated more formally in the next section.
	ccl.pku.edu.cn /doubtfire/nlp/parsing/Parsing_Algorithm/Earley/Completion.htm (0 words)

	Parser
		Five different parsing algorithms were implemented and compared (a bottom-up Earley parser, an inactive chart parser, an LR parser, a left-corner parser and a head-corner parser).
		The most efficient parser (both in terms of CPU-time and memory usage) for this application turned out to be a head-corner parser implemented with goal-weakening and selective memoization.
		Now it may seem that such an underspecified goal will dramatically slow down the parser, but this turns out to be a false expectation, at least for the head-corner and left-corner parsers.
	odur.let.rug.nl /vannoord/papers/nle/node27.html (0 words)

	Earley parser
		The Earley parser is a type of chart parser mainly used for parsing in computational linguistics, named for its inventor.
		Earley parsers execute in cubic time in the worst case, whereas top-down or bottom-up parsers in the worst case take exponential time.
		Unlike top-down or bottom-up parsers, Earley parsers can handle recursive phase structure rules such as:
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ea/Earley_parser.html (0 words)

	[climacs-devel] latest progress
		One interesting feature of the LR parser that I implemented is that the lexer is a generic function that depends on the state of the parser.
		This method is slower than the one used for the Earley parser, but we could afford this since the parser is incremental.
		The consequences of this lexer organization is that the parser could enter a state in which a totally different language, with different lexemes, is to be parsed.
	common-lisp.net /pipermail/climacs-devel/2005-June/000229.html (0 words)

	Laurence Tratt: BSc projects 2005-2006
		The aim of this project is to implement an Earley parser with optimiziations applied.
		I suggest reading (in order) a gentle introduction to Earley parsing, the original description of Earley parsers, and a description of an optimized Earley parser.
		There is scope to write an optimized Earley parser in a low-level language like C if that is of interest.
	tratt.net /laurie/teaching/projects/bsc_2005_2006 (0 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To understand how Earley's algorithm, a top-down dynamic programming algorithm, executes, you have to understand dot notation.
		Given a production A → BCD (where B, C, and D are symbols in the grammar, terminals or nonterminals), the notation A → B • C D represents a condition in which B has already been parsed and the sequence C D is expected.
		The parser then iteratively operates in three stages: prediction, scanning, and completion (see Aycock and Horspool, Section 2).
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Earley_parser (0 words)

	Parser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If you have problems using the parser online, you might try to increase the amount of memory your computer uses by turning virtual memory on.
		After you click the "C" button, you should be able to do a normal paste command in a text editor from which you should be able to save to disk and print; you cannot print or save the information in the corpus/rules/lexicon windows to disk directly from the parser.
		If you are having difficulty loading or using the parser, please contact johnjkim@sfsu.edu.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~johnjkim/DEMOS/PARSER/parser.html (0 words)

	Why Bison is Becoming Extinct
		Then the parser, purveyor of the dreaded syntax error, looks at the stream of tokens to verify its syntactic correctness.
		Parsing is a very well-studied topic, and there are many excellent books on the subject ranging from the compiler-oriented [1, 9] to the theoretical [2] to the encyclopedic [12].
		Curiously enough, the Earley and GLR parsing algorithms come from that same time period as Yacc and company: the 1970s.
	www.acm.org /crossroads/xrds7-5/bison.html (0 words)

	Earley Parsing
		The parser keeps a set of states for each position in the input, describing all pending derivations.
		The states describing the parser state at position i are collectively called state set i.
		Earley's algorithm allows for an adjustable amount of lookahead during parsing, in order to process LR(k) grammars deterministically (and obtain the same computational complexity as specialized LR(k) parsers where possible).
	www.icsi.berkeley.edu /~stolcke/papers/cl95/node4.html (0 words)

	Computational Linguistics
		But in the Earley algorithm we're not just going to maintain a single list of categories we're looking for that is supposed to span th eentire string.
		In the Earley algorithm, we look for things category by category, one rule at a time.
		Explain what gave rise to S24 and S25 for the parser chart in Figure 10.18.
	www.rohan.sdsu.edu /~gawron/ling354/earley.htm (0 words)

	Earley Parsing
		Earley parsing is a parsing technique described by Jay Earley (publications) in the late 1960s, around the same time Knuth proposed LR parsing.
		The dominant kind of parsers today, LL and LR parsers, encourage you to complicate your scanner (the scanner breaks source text up into slightly larger tokens, but doesn’t assign meaning to those), munge your grammar, or peek at coming tokens to disambiguate constructs.
		The parsers are interpreted, so you can build them fairly cheaply at runtime and then use them, however they’re not very fast.
	dcooney.com /posts/528.aspx (1568 words)

	Parsing bracketed inputs
		An Earley parser can be minimally modified to take advantage of bracketed strings by invoking itself recursively when a left parenthesis is encountered.
		The recursive instance of the parser is passed any predicted states at that position, processes the input up to the matching right parenthesis, and hands complete states back to the invoking instance.
		When a bracketed portion is encountered, the parser invokes itself recursively on the substring delimited by the pair of parentheses encountered.
	www.icsi.berkeley.edu /~stolcke/papers/cl95/node36.html (0 words)

	Verocitas » Evolution of a parser: Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Broadly speaking, the Earley parser works by creating an array of “charts”, numbering one more than the number of “words” in the input.
		For the more advanced, there is a paper “A Faster Earley Parser” by Philippe McLean and R. Nigel Horspool of the University of Victoria.
		One possible reason for the academic bias of Earley articles is that for ambiguous grammars, the run time is proportional to the input length cubed.
	verocitas.com /blog/2006/10/23/evolution-of-a-parser-introduction (0 words)

	Manual Parser Evaluation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Let the 25 sentences be parsed with the Stanford Parser and manually check the parse trees for parsing errors.
		Describe the sequence of Scanner, Predictor, Completer steps that the Earley parser will have to go through in order to parse a simple sentence ("The child plays in the garden.") given your grammar.
		The screenshots of the parse trees for 10 sentences that you parsed.
	www.ling.su.se /DaLi/education/courses/ngslt_nlp06/Manual_Parser_Evaluation_Task.htm (135 words)

	manimaran - RE: New XSL Optimization
		An Earley parser built using the Context free grammar > > devoloped in 1 is given the linearized input got in 2.
		This earley parser > > reports all the match patterns that are matched at all the nodes of the > XML > > document.
		A nice one-to-one correspondence is maintained between the number of qualifiers in a match pattern and the number of nodes reported by Earley parser for checking against the qualifiers.
	www.stylusstudio.com /xsllist/199906/post20470.html (0 words)

	EUROSPEECH 2001 Abstract: Xu et al. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Due to the complexity of natural language, the traditional way of using a single grammar for a single language parser leads to an inefficient, fragile, and often very big language processing system.
		Three data sets and two types of sub-parsers, particularly a predictive cascading composition for pre-compiled Earley parsers, have been examined.
		GLR parser is faster than Earley parser in the partitioned case, but it can lead to an excessive memory usage for the un-partitioned case.
	www.isca-speech.org /archive/eurospeech_2001/e01_1077.html (0 words)

	The Old Joel on Software Forum - Parser generators--does anyone use them?
		Perl makes it easy for the programmer to define regular grammars (ie: in regular expressions), but as anybody will tell you, the set of languages defined by regular grammars is a proper subset of the languages defined by the context-free grammars.
		I've written a version of Earley's parser as my 'catch-all' parser and am working on some grammar analysis stuff to conditionally return LL(k) or LALR parsers if possible.
		Have a whole bundle of C++ classes for supporting the parser so the action parts of the statements are minimal.
	discuss.fogcreek.com /joelonsoftware/default.asp?cmd=show&ixPost=169472 (0 words)

	Earley parser
		An Earley (from a person's name) parser is a parser that is capable of parsing a language defined by an arbitrary context-free grammar in at most cubic time.
		For a large class of more common grammars (unambiguous) its complexity is even better (quadratic) and for most practically useful grammars, it is linear.
		We are working on a version that will also return the parse tree (defined by grammar actions).
	dept-info.labri.u-bordeaux.fr /~strandh/Projects/Earley (103 words)

	Earley Parser
		Earley's proposal is sait to be incorrect in certain situations (Tomita, 1986).
		The implementation algorithm is based on Earley's idea but it is very far away from original Earley's algorithm.
		The package (with C and C++ interface) is a part of COCOM toolset http://cocom.sf.net and distributed under GPL (sorry not LGPL, I spent a few years to implement the parser and don't want to make it free for proprietary software).
	www.codecomments.com /message634160.html (0 words)

	Definition of Earley
		1: '''Earley''' is a [[town]] in [[Berkshire]], [[England]] wi...
		From [[1977]], the ''Lower Earley'' private estate was constructed, almost doubling...
		The Earley parser executes in cubic time in the general case...
	www.wordiq.com /search/Earley.html (0 words)

	Building a Grammar Parser with the Earley Parser Library
		In my Earley parsing posts [1; 2; 3; 4] I've written grammars in BNF and used that as a guide to build the Reduction, Terminal and Nonterminal objects my parser library uses to interpret the grammar.
		The grammar parser parses a BNF grammar from a text file, compiles the associated C# snippets, and creates a parser.
		Of course, the grammar parser has to build the Reduction, Terminal and Nonterminal objects that implement the grammar grammar by hand.
	www.dcooney.com /posts/551.aspx (403 words)

	► » Earley parser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I have implemented a Earley's recognizer, now I am looking for any
		Earley's algorithm is it does not correct build parse trees if the
		The reference to item, which was the reason the current item was
	www.iprore.com /Earley-parser-1676446.html (0 words)

	Earley-Stolcke Parsing Algorithm
		The method most generally and conveniently used in stochastic parsing is based on an Earley parser ([
		The notion of a state is an important part of the Earley parsing algorithm.
		For each position of the input stream, an Earley parser keeps a set of states, which denote all pending derivations.
	web.media.mit.edu /~yivanov/Papers/tr450-html/node5.html (0 words)

	Ein Earley-Parser für Zeichenketten generierende Hypergraphgrammatiken
		The approach towards modelling discontinuous constituents taken in this work is the description of natural language using context-free string generating hypergraph grammars.
		Starting with the Earley algorithm, a parsing algorithm for classical context-free chomsky grammars, an algorithm for the top-down analysis of string generating context-free hypergraph grammars is introduced.
		The implementation of a generalization of the algorithm in a newly developed active chart parser with feature structures is presented, as well as the grammar and dictionary formats.
	www2.informatik.uni-erlangen.de /Lehre/SA-DA/inf2earley.xml?language=en (0 words)

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