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	Buddhism - LoveToKnow 1911
		BUDDHISM, the religion held by the followers of the Buddha, and covering a large area in India and east and central Asia.
		In the very earliest times of the most remote animism we find the belief that a person, rapt from all sense of the outside world, possessed by a spirit, acquired from that state a degree of sanctity, was supposed to have a degree of insight, denied to ordinary mortals.
		The latter, in Sanskrit, is the earliest exposition we have of the later Mahayana doctrine.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Buddhism (8595 words)

	Buddhism
		Buddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of Siddhārtha Gautama; (Sanskrit; in Pāli;, Siddhattha Gotama), who lived between approximately 563 and 483 BCE.
		Nikaya Buddhism and consequently Theravada are sometimes referred to as Hinayana or "lesser vehicle", although this is generally considered to be impolite.
		Buddhism had become the fastest-growing religion in Australia and many other Western nations by the 1990s, in contrast to the steady decline of traditional western beliefs (see Christianity).
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/b/bu/buddhism_1.html (4953 words)

	Bambooweb: Buddhism
		Buddhism teaches followers to perform good and wholesome actions, to avoid bad and harmful actions, and to purify and train the mind.
		Theravada Buddhism does not recognize the authenticity of this council, and it is sometimes called the “council of heretical monks”.
		While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East Buddhism is regarded as familiar and part of the establishment.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/b/u/Buddhism.html (5087 words)

	Buddhism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Buddhism has largely disappeared from its country of origin, India, except for the presence there of many refugees from the Tibet region of China and a small number of converts from the lower castes of Hinduism.
		With this distinctive view of cause and effect, Buddhism accepts the pan-Indian presupposition of samsara, in which living beings are trapped in a continual cycle of birth-and-death, with the momentum to rebirth provided by one’s previous physical and mental actions (see karma).
		Buddhism, which denied both the efficacy of Vedic ritual and the validity of the caste system, and which spread its teachings using vernacular languages rather than Brahmanical Sanskrit, was by far the most successful of the heterodox or non-Vedic systems.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bu/Buddhism.html (1608 words)

	Buddhism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Buddhism (also known as Buddha Dharma, Pali: Buddha Dhamma, "the teachings of the awakened one") is a dharmic, non-theistic religion, a way of life, a practical philosophy, and a life-enhancing system of applied psychology.
		Buddhism was established in the northern regions of India and Central Asia, and kingdoms with Buddhist rulers such as Menander I and Kaniska.
		Buddhism and Dzogchen: the Doctrine of the Buddha and the Supreme Vehicle of Tibetan Buddhism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Buddhism (7786 words)

	Green Buddhism
		Buddhism does offer an ethic that might be capable of transforming our current deluded environmental practice, but the developmental dimension of the tradition is crucial to that ethic, because the Buddhist virtue of compassion is something one can cultivate only through progressing up the spiral path of the hierarchy of compassion.
		Buddhism is saying, quite literally, that we cannot expect to act in an environmentally more ethical manner until we cultivate a much broader ability to act with compassion and wisdom.
		Buddhism is saying that we can expect to act in accord with the basic interrelatedness of all existence only once we have cultivated a significantly different state of awareness.
	www.westernbuddhistreview.com /vol1/green_buddhism.html (8241 words)

	Partners: BUDDHISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Buddhism today is divided into two major branches known to their respective followers as Theravada, the Way of the Elders, and Mahayana, the Great Vehicle.
		Buddhism was first introduced into Tibet through the influence of foreign wives of the king, beginning in the 7th century AD.
		Although Buddhism in India largely died out between the 8th and 12th centuries AD, resurgence on a small scale was sparked by the conversion of 3.5 million former members of the untouchable caste, under the leadership of Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, beginning in 1956.
	sangha.net /buddhism.htm (4718 words)

	Tendai History
		The Tendai School of Buddhism is one of the most important sects of Japanese Buddhism, established in the 8th Century CE.
		The T'ien T'ai school of Buddhism was initiated by the Chinese monk Zhi-yi, whose efforts to classify the growing body of Buddhist schools and scriptures into a single system of thought, placing it all in an understandable context, characterized the comprehensive nature of T'ien T'ai philosophy throughout its subsequent history.
		Because Buddhism had been closely associated with the government of the Bakufu (even if involuntarily), there was a conscious effort by the new Meiji government to undercut the institutional power of the Buddhist schools, and new punitive measures were enacted against them.
	www.tendai.org /i_tendai_buddhism/history.html (4192 words)

	Zen Buddhism: the non-religion of Zen Buddhism, zenbuddhismreligion.com
		Zen is a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism notable for its emphasis on practice and experiential wisdom—particularly as realized in the form of meditation known as zazen—in the attainment of awakening.
		Among the earliest and most widely studied of the specifically Zen texts, dating back to at least the 9th century CE, is the Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, sometimes attributed to Huìnéng.
		The earliest source for the legend of the "Flower sermon" is from 11th century China.[15].
	www.zenbuddhismreligion.com (6896 words)

	True Buddhism and village Buddhism in Sri Lanka
		Village - or "peasant" - Buddhism is assumed to be homogeneous and distinctive.
		Buddhism has never had a Pope empowered to declare the true doctrine; indeed the lack of any decisive structure of authority in the Sangha, the community of clergy allegedly founded by the Buddha to continue his teaching, has been a major factor throughout Buddhist history.
		For village Buddhism was the product of the village clergy, themselves equally members of the egalitarian Sangha with the most eminent monks; and, if my experience and Gombrich’s today are evidence, village clergy effectively kept their flocks within the extensive bounds of orthodoxy.
	www.buddhistinformation.com /true_buddhism_and_village_buddhi.htm (6030 words)

	Chapter 3
		Buddhism, however, augmented the Chinese view of life with the teachings of karma, transmigration and a wealth of symbols and myths.
		According to Fa-tsang, the ultimate teaching of Buddhism was the principle of the mutual interpenetration (identity) of all things as a result of their being manifestations of the one, all-embracing Buddha-mind.
		Buddhism remained popular because it became largely associated with the performance of funerals and memorial services as a consequence of the promise of a glorious destiny promoted by the Pure Land cult.
	www.shindharmanet.com /streams/chapter3.htm (3898 words)

	Buddhist Philosophy
		Buddhism is founded on the rejection of certain orthodox philosophical concepts, in which the Buddha had been instructed by various teachers.
		Proponents of such a view may argue that (a) Buddhism is non-theistic (i.e., it has no special use for the existence or nonexistence of a god or gods) or atheistic and (b) religions necessarily involve some form of theism.
		The philosophical outlook of Earliest Buddhism was primarily negative, in the sense that it focused on what doctrines to reject more than on what doctrines to accept.
	www.thaiexotictreasures.com /buddhist_philosophy.html (1801 words)

	Background Essay no. 140 \| Buddhism in Japan \| AskAsia.org
		According to tradition, the founder of Buddhism was born in 563 B.C.E. in the region that is now southern Nepal.
		Theravada or foundational Buddhism, the earliest of the three, emphasizes the attainment of salvation for oneself alone and the necessity of monastic life in order to attain spiritual release.
		Traveling along this route, Mahayana Buddhism was introduced to Japan from Korea in the sixth century (traditionally, in either 538 or 552, as part of a diplomatic mission that included gifts such as an image of Shakyamuni Buddha and several volumes of Buddhist text).
	www.askasia.org /teachers/essays/essay.php?no=140 (1134 words)

	Buddhism
		The first type is the authentic Buddhism, the education of understanding the true face of life and the universe originally intended by Shakyamuni Buddha.
		If Buddhism is changed into a deviant and externalist path, using the weakness of the human nature to cheat and harm living beings; disturbing the peace and safety of the society, then this conversion of Buddhism has gone too far.
		These four types of Buddhism exist in our society today, we should recognize them as they are and think carefully as to which way is most beneficial to us, and the one we will ultimately follow.
	www.purifymind.com /Buddhism.html (3478 words)

	Buddhism 101 - The Buddha and his Doctrines - free Suite101 course
		Buddhism is a system of doctrines developed by a man whom we call the Buddha, who was born around 563 BCE.
		There are two goals in this lesson: to provide a sketch of the earliest Buddhism, as taught by the Buddha, and to understand the basis on which all later Buddhism was built.
		Buddhism was born in India, but prior to its emergence India already had an ancient religious heritage in its past and a rich religious milieu in its present.
	www.suite101.com /lesson.cfm/19042/2657 (921 words)

	Showcases - Landmarks in Printing :: Diamond Sutra
		China’s earliest Buddhists were probably foreigners from Central Asia, but rules for translating sacred texts from Sanskrit to Chinese were already in place by the first century AD.
		Mahayan Buddhism interpreted the teachings of the Buddha in a wider way that could carry more people along the road to enlightenment, hence the name Mahayana, literally meaning ‘the greater ox-cart’.
		Although not the earliest example of a printed book, it is the oldest we have bearing a date.
	www.bl.uk /collections/treasures/diamond.html (1192 words)

	Buddhism - Gurupedia
		Buddhism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings of
		Buddhism has evolved into myriad schools that can be roughly grouped into three families.
		The third vehicle is the Vajrayāna or "Diamond Vehicle" (also known as Tantric Buddhism), which, while sharing many of the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, also includes a vast array of spiritual techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice.
	www.gurupedia.com /b/bu/buddhism.htm (4182 words)

	Theravada Buddhism and Shan/Thai/Dai/Laos Regions Boxun News
		Theravada Buddhism is the earliest Buddhism preached by Sakyamuni and his followers around 600-500 B.C. in India.
		Ari-Buddhism was a mixture of Mahayana Buddhism, Brahmanism and native religion.
		In 1367 king Kue-Na ascended to the throne, and invited Vdumbanmahasvami from Sri Lanka to be the State-Monk and to preach Theravada Buddhism.
	www.peacehall.com /news/gb/english/2005/03/200503280400.shtml (2178 words)

	BUDDHISM - Online Information article about BUDDHISM
		The Buddha himself is stated in the books to have devoted to it the very first discourse he addressed to the first converts.' The first in the collection of the Dialogues of Gotama discusses, and completely, categorically,•and systematically rejects, all the current theories about " souls." Later books follow these precedents.
		For as the Arahat had conquered the cravings that were supposed to produce the new body, his actions were no longer Karma, but only Kiriyd, that led to no rebirth.' Another point of Buddhist teaching adopted from previous belief was the practice of ecstatic meditation.
		It is clear from the Dialogues, and other of the most ancient Buddhist records,5 that the belief was in full force when Buddhism arose, and that the practice was followed by the Buddha's teachers.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BRI_BUN/BUDDHISM.html (7980 words)

	Untitled
		Attan.com is devoted to original Buddhism, Traditionalist metaphysics, and the gnosis advocated thereof, as such it is an Anti-Guru, Anti-Zen-Master, Anti-Lama, Anti-Rimpoche, and Anti-bhikkhu site adverse to any and all forms of superficial spiritual-materialism, petty ritualisms, and the New-Age movement in general.
		As a religious and spiritual seeker, I was greatly and utterly off-put by Buddhism all my life, I dismissed it entirely offhand, such that it exuded little more than nothingism and superficial morality.
		After further investigation into this (earliest) Buddhism, I see that the author of this site is certainly not alone, but many other Pali translators and metaphysicians hold exactly the same position.
	www.attan.com (934 words)

	Buddhist Studies: Theravada Buddhism, Myanmar.
		The earliest written evidence of Theravada in the country is some inscriptions in Pali dating from about the 5th century AD.
		At independence in 1948 Buddhism once again began to receive state support and today about 89% of all Burmese are Buddhists.
		In the late 19th century there was a great religious revival in the country, and in this century the teachings of two Burmese masters, Mahasi Sayadaw and U Ba Khin, a layman, have become very influential in the West.
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/buddhistworld/burma-txt.htm (486 words)

	Early Buddhist schools - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The arising of the Mahayana school of Buddhism (1st / 2nd century CE) went together with the adoption of new (previously not-existing) sutras, and introduced new (or emphasized old but not very central) philosophies such as the Bodhisattva and having the intention of liberating all sentient beings.
		The philosophy or attitude that unites the early schools is sometimes called Nikaya Buddhism or Hinayana, although the latter term is often considered derogatory and offensive.
		The council sided with Moggaliputta and his version of Buddhism as orthodox; it was then adopted by Emperor Ashoka as his empire's official religion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Earliest_Buddhism (1988 words)

	Japan Digest \| Japanese Religions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Buddhism arose in India in the sixth century B.C.E and, after passing through China and Korea, arrived in Japan in the sixth century C.E. As originally presented by the historical Buddha, Buddhism was a path of practice that an individual could take up to gain release from suffering.
		Further, Esoteric Buddhism sought to incorporate Shinto into its interpretation of the world, arguing that the Shinto kami were Japanese manifestations of the Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
		Confucianism was known to the Japanese from the sixth C.E. on; however, it was not until the Edo or Tokugawa period (1600-1868) that it became a leading ideology of state and a pervasive teaching in Japanese society.
	www.indiana.edu /~japan/Digests/religion.html (2397 words)

	Critical Thinkers :: Buddhism Resources
		The earliest Theravada (meaning "Doctrine of the elders"), is based on texts (sutras) written in the Pali language very close to that spoken by Buddha.
		Whichever is the 'truer' form of Buddhism, I prefer the inflection that the filter of Chinese Daoism placed on the path which is best summed up by a Tendai proverb: To a Tendai monk, everything is wonderful.
		Second, a good many people with a fairly extensive knowledge of Buddhism would be happy to have it on their bookshelves because it provides a complete summary of all the essentials of Buddhist teachings and practice.
	www.synaptic.bc.ca /ejournal/buddhist.htm (1262 words)

	Buddhist Studies: Burma
		Sri Lanka and Thailand, Burma, recently renamed Myanmar, is the major stronghold of Theravada Buddhism.
		The earliest written evidence of Theravada in the country is some inscriptions in
		In later centuries though, Mahayana and Tantra became popular although the scandalous behaviour of the Aris, the Tantric priesthood, eventually led to the discrediting and finally the disappearance of Tantric Buddhism.
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/dharmadata/fdd71.htm (232 words)

	Buddhism
		Originally there wasn't even Buddhism, there was just the truth - the teachings of the Buddha.
		However all these accept many of the same fundamental teachings as correct, and there is little friction between any of these groups - much less than is found among different groups of many other religions.
		Theravada Buddhism was the earliest form of Buddhism to emerge and literally translated means Old (Thera) Way (vada).
	www.pujas.com /Buddhism-castesystem.html (125 words)

	Mahayana Buddhism
		Theravada Buddhism focused primarily on meditation and concentration, the eighth of the Eightfold Noble Path; as a result, it centered on a monastic life and an extreme expenditure of time in meditating.
		Therevada Buddhism holds that Buddha was a historical person who, on his death, ceased to exist.
		The Buddha was not a human being, as he was in Theravada Buddhism, but the manifestation of a universal, spiritual being.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/BUDDHISM/MAHAYANA.HTM (817 words)

	Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism
		(n.d.) A monk of Yüeh-chih, a kingdom in Central Asia, who is regarded as the earliest of the translator-monks from that country to journey to China.
		His translations include the Shuramgama Sutra, the Sutra of the Meditation to Behold the Buddhas, and the Practice of Wisdom Sutra, the earliest of the Chinese translations of the Wisdom sutras.
		The terms and definitions found here are from the "Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism." This book is available for purchase at local SGI-USA Community Center bookstores and the online store.
	www.sgi-usa.org /buddhism/dictionary/define?tid=360 (131 words)

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