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Topic: Early Cretaceous

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	Cretaceous Summary
		Early in the Cretaceous, the climate was warm and semitropical, very much like at the end of the Jurassic period (144 million years ago).
		The Cretaceous period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic period, about 146 million years ago (Ma), to the beginning of the Paleocene epoch of the Tertiary period (65.5 Ma); as the longest period, the Cretaceous constitutes nearly half of the Mesozoic.
		The Cretaceous (from Latin creta, for chalk) was named for the extensive beds of chalk (calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates) found in the upper Cretaceous of Great Britain (including the White Cliffs of Dover) and adjacent continental Europe.
	www.bookrags.com /Cretaceous (4117 words)

	Palaeos Mesozoic: Cretaceous: The Cretaceous Period: p. 1
		According to one source, the ocean temperature increased an almost unbelievable 17 C° over the Early Cretaceous, and the bulk of this must increase must have occurred in the Neocomian division.
		The Cretaceous was as long and eventful for microorganisms as it was for nearly everything else.
		Nanoplankton with mineralized "armor" are known from the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic.
	www.palaeos.com /Mesozoic/Cretaceous/Cretaceous.htm (2335 words)

	Termites (Isoptera) Battle Ants in the Cretaceous
		Cretaceous primitive mammals are not known to have had much diversity [Flynn] on Madagascar and all four of the existing mammal groups are from a single species origin [Yoder].
		From early Valanginian [Follimi 1994] to early Hauterivian, early to the middle of the late Aptian, latest Aptian and earliest Albian of the Cretaceous there was widespread phosphogenesis both on the shelves and in the deep ocean [Follmi (1994), p742,743].
		It may be that the decline of ammonites near the end of the Cretaceous [Paul] was because the rise in phosphorus gave their competitors, the fish, a relative advantage since the ammonites used a calcium carbonate shell.
	www.angelfire.com /nc/isoptera/cretaceous.html (3794 words)

	Early Cretaceous Dinosaurs of Utah - Utah Geological Survey
		ugs / utah geology / dinosaurs and fossils / early cretaceous dinosaurs
		Acrocanthosaurus was a giant carnivore of the Early Cretaceous that was nearly as large as Tyrannosaurus which lived at the end of the Cretaceous Period.
		It is known from the San Rafael Swell area, where it occurs with early dome-headed pachycephalosaurs, horned dinosaurs, and tyrannosaurs based on fossil teeth.
	www.ugs.state.ut.us /utahgeo/dinofossil/dinecret.htm (912 words)

	Cretaceous Fossils: Formations Main Page
		The Comanche Series is comprised of Early Cretaceous deposits, while the Gulf Series is frequently considered synonymous with the Late Cretaceous of Texas.
		Early on during the deposition of the Comanche Series, Texas was a coastal plain along an expanding early Gulf of Mexico.
		During the upper Cretaceous, widespread deposition of fl muds occurred in the Western Interior Seaway and along the margins of the Gulf Coast.
	www.cretaceousfossils.com /formations/main_page.htm (2605 words)

	Cretaceous-Paleogene basins of northeast Africa
		Early Cretaceous downwarp basin of Jordan and Northern Sinai
		During the Early Cretaceous, Northern Sinai, Israel and Jordan were part of the passive continental margin of the African/Arabian Plate, reflecting the margin of a downwarp basin.
		A second reference area of late Cretaceous — early Paleogene basin inversion and subsequent formation of a new intrashelf basin is exposed along the Galala Mountains, representing the southernmost branch of the "Syrian Arc" deformation west of the Gulf of Suez.
	www.palmod.uni-bremen.de /FB5/geochron/basin_fill.htm (1595 words)

	When Did Angiosperms First Evolve?
		During the 1970s the Cretaceous origin and primary radiation hypothesis became elevated to the status of theory as the amount of evidence in its support seemed to be unfalsifiable.
		Early and Middle Jurassic floras of those regions are very similar at the genus and family level over large areas of the globe, being dominated by relatively few taxa, most of which were adapted for aridity with small leaves (microphyllous: Cornet and Waanders, 2006).
		Resembling the diversification of angiosperm pollen in the Early Cretaceous (cf.
	www.unifiedworlds.com /cornet/Why02/why.htm (12282 words)

	Deep Time Project Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Early Cretaceous (early to middle Albian) platanoid inflorescences associated with Sapindopsis leaves from the Potomac Group of eastern North America.
		Archaeanthus: an early angiosperm from the Cenomanian of the western interior of North America.
		A preliminary conspectus of the Allon flora from the Late Cretaceous (late Santonian) of central Georgia, U.S.A. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86: 407-471.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /deeptime/earlyangiospermfossils.html (541 words)

	Palaeos Mesozoic: Cretaceous: Early Cretaceous I --The Neocomian Epoch
		Palaeos Mesozoic: Cretaceous: Early Cretaceous I --The Neocomian Epoch
		The Early Cretaceous, as defined by the International Commission on Startigraphy, is 46 my long -- simply too long an interval to conveniently deal with as a single epoch.
		This was a sort of worst case for reef stability, and this is one of the areas to which rudists spread earliest in the Cretaceous.
	www.palaeos.com /Mesozoic/Cretaceous/Neocomian.htm (2049 words)

	Cretaceous
		The Cretaceous Period is known as the "Age of Dinosaurs".
		Climates during the Cretaceous period seem to have remained fairly constant throughout with the temperature being warm and mild.
		Cretaceous reefs were made largely made up of rudists, which were large bivalves with one cone-shaped valve and the other reduced to a small lid-like structure.
	www.denison.edu /biology/bio380-2001/Cretaceous.html (2148 words)

	MESOZOIC the DINOSAURS Diorama Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Early, Middle, Late
		The Early Triassic is dominated by the plants and animals that had survived the Late Permian extinction.
		The Middle Triassic is a period of transition as dicynodonts and cynodonts whose ancestors dominated the Late Permian decline and archosaurs the ancestors of dinosaurs and crocodiles experiment with a variety of plant eating and carnivorous forms.
		Reptiles continued to rule in the Cretaceous Seas and Pteranodons fly the Mesozoic Skies until the end of the Cretaceous.
	www.dinosaurcollector.150m.com /mesozoic_home.htm (1143 words)

	Ages and cooling history of the Early Cretaceous Caleu pluton: testimony of a switch from a rifted to a compressional ...
		In north-central and central Chile, the inception of extensional basins during the Cretaceous and their subsequent evolution is the most outstanding orogenic event of the Mesozoic, which led to the rise of the Andean mountain chain along this margin of South America.
		The Early Cretaceous magmatism of the Coastal Range segment (32°30'-33°30'S) of central Chile is represented by the Caleu pluton and its host volcanic-sedimentary succession (Fig.
		The Early Cretaceous plutonism corresponds to the eastern belt of the Coastal Batholith segment, which is made up of three north-south belts with age decreasing eastward from late Palaeozoic to Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3721/is_200503/ai_n13476457 (994 words)

	mammals
		The early hatching is thought to be an adaptation to allow the earliest mammals to be small, yet warm-blooded (endothermic).
		The food needed to be provided by the mother to allow rapid growth and high metabolism and the mother could also keep the babies warm, so they did not waste energy on heating such tiny bodies.
		The placentals are characterized by the presence of the placenta which allows the mother to supply the food needed by the developing embryo without forcing the embryo to be born early.
	faculty.weber.edu /bdattilo/fossils/notes/mammals.html (981 words)

	Cretaceous - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sea level was much higher than today, and large areas of the continental crust were covered with shallow seas; sediment cores show that tropical sea surface temperatures may have been 9-12°C warmer than at present, while deep ocean temps were as much as 15-20° C higher than today's.
		Another important insect to evolve was the bee, which was integral to the ecology and evolution of flowering plants.
		The Cretaceous also saw the first radiation of the diatoms (generally siliceous, rather than calcareous) in the oceans; freshwater diatoms did not appear until the Miocene.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cretaceous (1435 words)

	Early Cretaceous - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Early Cretaceous (timestratigraphic name) or the Lower Cretaceous (logstratigraphic name), is the earlier of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous Period.
		During this time many new types of dinosaurs appeared or came into prominence, including the Psittacosaurs, Spinosaurs and Coelurosaurs, while other survivors from the Late Jurassic continued.
		In the seas, the ichthyosaurs declined and eventually died out at the start of the Late Cretaceous.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Early_Cretaceous (108 words)

	Extinct Birds
		The fossil record of early birds is very incomplete because their bones are so fragile and don't fossilize well.
		Hesperornis (meaning "western bird") was an early, flightless bird that lived during the late Cretaceous period.
		Mononykus was either a bird-like dinosaur (an advanced theropod) or a primitive bird; it possessed qualities of both groups of animals, and there is much scientific debate over which it is. Mononykus had short arms with one long, thick clawed finger on each hand (hence its name).
	www.zoomdinosaurs.com /subjects/birds/Earlybirds.shtml (936 words)

	Cretaceous
		The Cretaceous period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic period, about 146 million years ago (Ma), to the beginning of the Paleocene epoch of the Tertiary period (65.5 Ma).
		The Cretaceous (from Latin creta, for chalk) was named for the extensive beds of chalk (calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates) found in the upper Cretaceous of Britain and adjacent continental Europe.
		The Cretaceous is usually separated into Lower and Upper Cretaceous Epochs.
	www.sfcrowsnest.com /scifinder/a/Cretaceous.php (1016 words)

	Lectures 12: Early Cretaceous
		The name Terrain Cretacé was first applied to strata in France that consisted largely of the white soft limestone termed chalk (craie in french) and assoicated units by dºOmalius dºHalloy in 1822.
		The Terrain Cretacé was easily recognized across the English Channel and English geologists quickly began calling the units the Cretaceous System, and similar strata were quickly deliniated over much of Europe.
		In this map locations are as follows: 1, Wealden of England and Belgium; 2, Early Cretaceous of Niger; 3, Late Cretaceous of Egypt; 4, Cloverly Formation of Montana; 5, Early Cretaceous of Mongolia; and 6; Early Cretaceous lacustrine deposits of Lioning Province, China.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /edu/dees/courses/v1001/clover16.html (1593 words)

	Early Cretaceous Tethyan Stratigraphy - Forum
		October 2001 discussions are related to the Cenomanian stratigraphy based on a report on SW Crimea (a contribution by L.
		March 2001 discussions were related to the Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Middle East (a report by B. Granier): Forum Nº 3.
		Forum Nº 3 was related to the Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphy of the Middle East (a report by B. Granier).
	www.angelfire.com /sc2/cretace/forum.html (1318 words)

	Early Cretaceous iguanodon Disney dinosaur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Iguanodons are the characteristic dinosaur of the Early Cretaceous.
		This is not perhaps a balanced view given the target audience was the preschool and early grade school set.
		None of the other Late Cretaceous creatures were significant enough that they couldn't have had a Early Cretaceous animal substituted.
	www.dinosaurcollector.150m.com /Iguanodon.html (554 words)

	Araceae from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal: Evidence on the emergence of monocotyledons -- Friis et al. 101 (47): ...
		Araceae from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal: Evidence on the emergence of monocotyledons -- Friis et al.
		Araceae from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal: Evidence on the emergence of monocotyledons
		extinct genus Jugella from the Early Cretaceous of the Prikaspian
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/47/16565 (3906 words)

	Australia's Lost Kingdoms - Early Cretaceous period -110 million years ago - When dinosaurs walked the Earth
		Australia's reptiles, birds and mammals from the Cretaceous to the present
		In the early Cretaceous, many of the southern continents were still joined together as part of the southern landmass called Gondwana.
		Take a visit to Lightning Ridge, a Cretaceous fossil site, and find out why the fossils recovered here are important to the unfolding story of Australia's past.
	www.lostkingdoms.com /snapshots/cretaceous_early.htm (115 words)

	Isotopic signals from late Jurassic-early Cretaceous (Volgian-Valanginian) sub-Arctic belemnites, Yatria River, Western ...
		Subfreezing polar temperatures during the Jurassic and Cretaceous are considered incompatible with widely accepted palaeoclimate data.
		With respect to the early Cretaceous, isotopic data are derived largely from mid- to low latitudes and may therefore not necessarily reflect ambient climatic conditions at higher latitudes.
		It is the purpose of this contribution to provide robust, biostratigraphically constrained, oxygen and carbon isotopic data from high latitudes that contribute to the debate on whether the early Cretaceous was at times characterized by sub-freezing polar temperatures.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3721/is_200411/ai_n9462304 (847 words)

	Cretaceous
		Laurasia and Gondwanaland were finally separated in the early Cretaceous.
		The Cretaceous climate was very warm and wet.
		Dinosaur species were at their peak in the Cretaceous.
	library.thinkquest.org /20886/cretaceous.htm (349 words)

	Gondwana: A Dinosaur Eden?
		During much of the Early Cretaceous period high sea levels had separated the Australian continent further into a series of large island landmasses, adding further to its geographic isolation.
		In contrast, the Early Cretaceous of Australia was teeming with hypsilophodontid species.
		Platypus fossils are known to date back to the Early Cretaceous, some 100 million years ago or more, making it one of the oldest known mammal families still alive today.
	www.geocities.com /dannsdinosaurs/eden.html (3528 words)

	Early Cretaceous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Cretaceous Period was a time of considerable geological activity.
		This was marked by widespread volcanism and had significant consequences on the distribution of plants and animals across the Earth's surface.
		The Early Cretaceous Wealden freshwater sediments and plants of Europe indicate warm humid conditions.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /communication/Willson/earlycret.html (85 words)

	Science researchers catch an early bird
		Reconstruction of the Early Cretaceous (~110-115 million year old) amphibious bird Gansus yumenensis, in a lake in what is now the Changma Basin of northwestern Gansu Province, China.
		However, some early members of the modern bird group probably made a quick reversal to land living, according to the researchers, who note that modern terrestrial bird groups such as the ostrich and chicken family have deep roots all the way back to the Cretaceous.
		Enantiornitheans--called "opposite birds" because their shoulder joint is reversed compared to that of modern birds--disappeared along with all non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, leaving no descendants.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-06/aaft-src060806.php (1187 words)

	An Early Cretaceous Tribosphenic Mammal and Metatherian Evolution -- Luo et al. 302 (5652): 1934 -- Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An Early Cretaceous Tribosphenic Mammal and Metatherian Evolution -- Luo et al.
		An Early Cretaceous Tribosphenic Mammal and Metatherian Evolution
		A swimming mammaliaform from the middle jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals..
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/302/5652/1934 (455 words)

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