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Topic: Early Helladic

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Late Helladic

Bronze Age

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	Helladic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Helladic is a modern term to identify a sequence of periods characterizing the culture of mainland ancient Greece during the Bronze Age.
		The Early Helladic is marked by the arrival in Greece of an agricultural population that did not speak an Indo-European language, whose culture soon diverged from its origins in the Cyclades.
		Important Early Helladic sites are clustered on the Aegean shores of the mainland in Boeotia and Argolid (Lerna, Pefkakia, Thebes, Tiryns) or coastal islands such as Aegina (Kolonna) and Euboea (Lefkandi, Manika) and are marked by pottery showing Western Anatolian influences and the introduction of the fast-spinning version of the potter's wheel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Middle_Helladic (544 words)

	Helladic -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Early Helladic is marked by the arrival in Greece of an agricultural population that did not speak an (The family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia) Indo-European language.
		The Early Helladic period corresponds in time to the (Click link for more info and facts about Old Kingdom) Old Kingdom in (A republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC) Egypt.
		The Middle Helladic begins with the wide-scale settlement in Greece of a people known as the (The quorum required by Jewish law to be present for public worship (at least ten males over thirteen years of age)) Minyans, who spoke an Indo-European language.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/he/helladic.htm (499 words)

	Ancient Kynouria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Cynurians, who were probably an Ionian people, settled in the region during the Middle Helladic period, from 1900 BC onwards; this seems likely from the cult evidence (worship of Achilles and Ino) and the presence of Minyans in the southern part of Cynuria.
		Andreas, are the remains of a prehistoric settlement that existed from the Early Helladic to the Geometric period.
		In the Early Byzantine period the north wall was extended further to the north.
	www.zafeiris.gr /leonidion/tsak11.htm (5249 words)

	c. Mainland Greece: The Early and Middle Helladic Periods. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Mainland Greece: The Early and Middle Helladic Periods.
		Signs of massive destruction are present at almost all Early Helladic period III sites.
		Scholars date the intrusion of the Greeks from as early as 2200 to as late as 1500
	www.bartleby.com /67/170.html (413 words)

	The "Lefkandi I" and Tiryns Cultures
		The end of the Early Bronze Age (EBA) on the Greek Mainland, as in the islands (see handout on the EC Period), witnessed a dramatic series of changes in material culture, the precise nature and sequence of which are still the subject of considerable debate among specialists.
		This gray ware is the EH III ancestor of the characteristic Middle Helladic ware known as "Gray Minyan".
		Such incised pottery occurs in small quantities among the earliest EH III pottery from Lerna IV, is quite common in early EH III deposits at Olympia (Elis), and also occurs in small quantities on jugs, pyxides, and teapots of the "Lefkandi I" culture in both central Greece and the Cyclades.
	projectsx.dartmouth.edu /history/bronze_age/lessons/les/8.html (3025 words)

	The End of the Early Bronze Age
		The Early Bronze Age was simultaneously terminated in all the countries of the ancient East—a vast catastrophe spread ruin from Troy to the Valley of the Nile.
		In my scheme the end of the Early Bronze Age or Old Kingdom in Egypt is the time of the momentous events connected with the story of the patriarch Abraham, and described in the Book of Genesis as the overturning of the plain.
		“The destruction of the Early Helladic II town at Lerna in the eastern Peloponnese” is an example of “the widespread and violent destruction that occurred ca.
	www.varchive.org /itb/bronzage.htm (1255 words)

	Mycenae and the Bronze Age of Greece
		Evidence of a Middle Helladic town was found down the slope but all earlier buildings had been removed from the summit prior to the building of the palace during the Late Helladic IIIA period.
		The earliest structures belong to the Early Helladic II period (mid-3rd millennium BC).
		The earliest version was erected early in the 14th century BC and enclosed the higher, southern part of the hill.
	www.odysseyadventures.ca /articles/mycenae/article_mycenae.htm (8564 words)

	Encyclopedia: Lerna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It has one of the largest prehistoric tumuli of Greece, a site of a two-storey palace or administrative center that is referred to as the "House of the Tiles" for the terracotta tiles that sheathed its roof (an early example of tile roofing).
		The early history of Greece is commonly described as: Early Helladic (c.
		Deforestation increased the rate of silt deposits and the lake became a malarial marsh, of which the last remnants were drained in the 19th century.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Lerna (1132 words)

	The Myceneans
		The Early Helladic Period, ~2750-2000 BC Somewhere between 3000 BC and 2000 BC, the lands of Greece were settled by a metal-using agricultural people who spoke a language other than Indo-European.
		In spite of the ruggedness of their life and the harshness of their social organization, these early Greeks traded with a civilization to the south, the Minoans.
		The Late Helladic Period, ~1550 BC-1150 BC The transition between the Middle and Late Helladic periods is indistinguishable, for the Greek settlers had begun building the rudiments of a civilization earlier in the millenium.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/MINOA/MYCENAE.HTM (1071 words)

	Western Anatolia and the Eastern Aegean
		In early Troy II, the pottery continues the tradition of Troy I. As Troy II progresses, more of the pottery is red to tan in color instead of fl, although fl-polished ware is still common.
		A wing-handled jar of the type characteristic of Troy IV was found by Caskey in Lerna IV, and a fragment of Early Helladic III pattern-painted pottery found at Troy was assigned Troy IV as a context.
		This town is dated to early Troy I by Renfrew, to late Troy I and early Troy II by Podzuweit.
	projects.dartmouth.edu /history/bronze_age/lessons/les/7.html (4509 words)

	Bronze Age Jewellery in Greece (ca. 3200-1100 BC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		ewellery-making began in Greece from as early as the first phases of the Bronze Age, in a wide range of types and shapes, and employing various materials, methods, and techniques.
		uring the Early Bronze Age, and especially after the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, jewellery was made predominantly of metal, which was not only a more valuable material than stone or bone, but also made it possible to produce jewellery in a wider variety of shapes and designs.
		The Early Helladic settlement at Zygouries in the Korinthia has yielded gold and silver earrings as well as pendants, pins, and fragments of diadems.
	www.culture.gr /2/22/225/22501/225011/e011intro.html (1847 words)

	NAVIS dokos txt
		The great quantity of Early Helladic II pottery from the Dokos cargo site is important not only for the variety of its types and sizes, but especially because it constitutes the only possibly closed find of this nature with EH II pottery hitherto known from the Aegean.
		The Late Helladic sherds, the teeth and bone fragments were chiefly found together with the EH sherds in the lower levels of the second trial trench.
		On the basis of the results obtained so far it seems that the great mass of Early Helladic II pottery recovered from the underwater site at Myti Kommeni on Dokos was part of the cargo of one or more EH ships that foundered, capsized or jettisoned their load in this bay.
	www2.rgzm.de /navis/cargo/Dokossite/Dokostxt.htm (1333 words)

	The Eutresis and Korakou Cultures
		Until the excavations of Caskey at Lerna between 1952 and 1958, the distinction between the cultures of the Early Helladic (EH) II and III chronological periods was not very clear.
		Likewise, it was not until Caskey's supplementary excavations at Eutresis in 1958 that EH I culture became easily distinguishable from those of the preceding FN and the succeeding EH II periods.
		This culture is defined stratigraphically at Eutresis and Tsoungiza above Early Helladic I levels of the Eutresis culture and at Eutresis, Lerna, Tiryns, and Tsoungiza below Early Helladic III levels of the Tiryns culture.
	projectsx.dartmouth.edu /history/bronze_age/lessons/les/3.html (3653 words)

	UC Classics Department - About the Department
		It was clear that Troy I-V corresponded to the Early Helladic period in Greece, Troy VI to the Middle Helladic and earlier Late Helladic periods, and Troy VIIa and VIIb to the very end of Mycenaean times.
		The site had a long history: deep deposits of the early Mycenaean period, of the Middle Bronze Age, and of the latest phases of the Early Bronze Age were explored in soundings and in limited excavations elsewhere on the ridge.
		Both in the Middle Bronze Age and in the early phases of the Late Bronze Age it was protected by strong fortification walls.
	classics.uc.edu /about_dept/hist_of_arch.html (4428 words)

	[No title]
		The Early Greek Dark Age and Revival in the Near East.
		Lesson 3: The Eutresis and Korakou Cultures of Early Helladic I-II.
		Lesson 8: The "Lefkandi I" and Tiryns Cultures of the Early Hellaadic IIB and Early Helladic III Periods.
	eawc.evansville.edu /essays/grpage.htm (1075 words)

	Encyclopedia: Greek literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Hesiod (Hesiodos) was an early Greek poet and rhapsode, believed to have lived around the year 700 BC.
		From the 5th century BC, literary historians have debated the priority of Hesiod or of Homer.
		The early history of Greece is commonly divided into three periods: Early Helladic (c.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Greek-literature (3221 words)

	Papers of John Lawrence Angel / Part 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Early populations of Greece and Anatolia, 1965 (includes two articles by Angel and his report on his 1965 trip to Greece and Turkey).
		"Early Helladic skulls from Aghios Kosmas." In Aghios Kosmas: An early bronze age settlement and cemetery in Attica by George E. Mylonas.
		"Early man’s adaptation to disease." In Man’s evolution in the city edited by Tom Weaver and Mike Crawford (unpublished?; in a separate folder).
	www.nmnh.si.edu /naa/fa/angel3.htm (8626 words)

	TextBridge Pro -1308161689
		His approach is better applied, for example, to the early Greek succession myths than to the Sophoclean, literate version of the legends of Oedipuand and his family.
		The Late Bronze Age on the mainland (i.e., the late Helladic period) is also identified as the Mycenaean Age, from the citadel of power (Mycenae) dominant in Greece during this period.
		On the mainland of Greece, the Middle Bronze Age (or Middle Helladic period) was ushered in by an invasion from the north and possibly the east.
	www.southwestern.edu /academic/classical.languages/myth/ml1.html (10599 words)

	Papers of John Lawrence Angel / Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Portraits: n.d., 1954 (includes an early portrait of Angel and others on an unidentified field trip and a photograph of Angel at the Athens Agora excavations laboratory).
		Skeletons: Roman, Byzantine, Neolithic Mycenaean, Submycenaean Cephallenia, Early Iron, Classic Corinth, Classic Athens, Byzantine, Neolithic Submycenaean, Geometric Byzantine, 1937-1939 (measurements on skeletal remains; the materials apparently were used for Angel’s dissertation).
		Karatas, Anatolia: Data sheets, Early Bronze, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1975, 1977 (five folders; the data sheets are separated by male skulls, male skeletons, female skulls, female skeletons, and infants and children).
	www.nmnh.si.edu /naa/fa/angel1.htm (4132 words)

	Ancient Cyprus webproject (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It must also be remembered that according to mythology and history the whole of the southeastern end of Argolis, from Nauplia and Asine to Hermione, Troezen and Eiones (on the eastern edge of Troezen), known by the general name of Acte (Polybius 5.
		On the Myti Kommeni promontory on the north coast of Dokos, a fortified harbour of the Dryopes belongs to the same period as the Point Iria wreck (LH IIIB 2).
		Also contemporary with the wreck is an important Late Helladic IIIB settlement on the islet of Modi, east of Poros (ancient Calauria), where a sacred enclosure was cut into the rock.
	www.ancientcyprus.ac.uk /papers/iriawreck/kyrou1.html (2249 words)

	Aegean Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Egyptian influences are apparent in early Minoan figure paintings, ivory scarabs, pottery forms and architectural methods, while Anatolian styles may well have been the basis for early Cycladian sculpture.
		Early painting consists of simple decorative abstract patterns in spirals and meanders, while later work sees a greater use of natural forms such as flowers and animals.
		Early forms are simple, with wave, spiral and fish designs applied in monochromatic patterns and shapes dominating the decorative styles.
	www.users.senet.com.au /~dsmith/aegean.htm (4299 words)

	Mycenaean civilization on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Divided into Early Helladic (c.2800-2000 BC), Middle Helladic (c.2000-1500 BC), and Late Helladic (c.1500-1100 BC) periods, the chronology roughly parallels that of the contemporary Minoan civilization.
		The Mycenaeans entered Greece from the north or northeast c.2000 BC, displacing, seemingly without violence, the older Neolithic culture, which can be dated as early as 4000 BC These Indo-European Greek-speaking invaders brought with them advanced techniques in pottery, metallurgy, and architecture.
		Mercantile contact with Crete advanced and strongly influenced their culture, and by 1600 BC, Mycenae had become a major center of the ancient world.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/Mycenaea.asp (671 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2003.10.13
		At the lowest levels, and mixed in with the late archaic sherds, are also sherds of Late Geometric cups (at least 24 represented in the catalogue), and a few fragments identifiable as Protogeometric and Sub-protogeometric (at least three catalogued).
		Five Early Helladic sherds from surface collections are catalogued, as are three Byzantine/modern sherds.
		When the site was abandoned in the early fifth century it was left in ruins and untouched, apparently, except for limited salvage operations (it is likely that many of the roof tiles were recovered), and was probably only occasionally visited by small numbers of people across the following two and a half millennia.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2003/2003-10-13.html (2816 words)

	The state of Sparta, Spartan soldiers.
		The ancient theatre of Sparta at the south side of the acropolis, is dated to the Early Imperial period.
		The acropolis of Pellana on which are preserved remains of walls dated to the Hellenistic period and also ruins ruins dated to the period of Frankish domination.
		The acropolis of Pellana situated on the hill ''Palaiokastro'' where recent excavations conducted brought into light remains of habitation, dated to the Early Helladic period (perhaps a palatial structure).
	www.greecetaxi.gr /index/sparta.html (1262 words)

	Chippindale&others-2000-Quantitative collecting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As most Early Cycladic cemeteries consist of 15—20 graves, so we are talking about several hundred looted cemeteries destroyed for ever by this scale of looting: 85% of that funerary record in the Cyclades may have been destroyed through looting in order to provide beautiful objects for collectors and museums.
		Its early antiquarian approach was transformed in 1884 when Oxford established a chair of Classical archaeology; this led to the move of the museum to its present location on Beaumont Street.
		Initially South Italian was much desired and collected, primarily in the late 18th and early 19th centuries — the first Greek pottery esteemed by antiquarians, museums, and private collectors.
	www-mcdonald.arch.cam.ac.uk /Projects/Chip/Chip209.htm (9287 words)

	Homer Odyssey Calypso Polyphem Helen Menelaus Demodocus Ino Laertes Arkeisios Ki-Ri-Ke
		He is warmly welcomed by her, by her parents, and by all the other nobles, and when he realizes where he is and what a lovely place he had destroyed he can't help weeping.
		And since Scherie is an early Troy, the ley Demodocus performs is in fact a prophecy.
		An early reader of the Odyssey might have understood this as a hint to an early period of time, when planting and breeding edible olives were still in an experimental phase.
	www.seshat.ch /home/homer3.htm (6979 words)

	Donors of Greek & Roman Antiquities, Fitzwilliam Museum
		Lloyd, Muriel (Newnham College): ‘an Etruscan fl-figure amphora, of the late sixth or early fifth century’ (GR.2.1936).
		Seltman, Charles (Queens’ College): ‘two early Helladic bowls from Asine’ (GR.24-25.1924); ‘Early Helladic "Sauce boat" from Asine’ (GR.27.1924); ‘Boeotian bowl, probably 7th-th Cent.
		Skeat, Theodore C. (Christ’s College): ‘The early geometric period is represented by three cups and a bowl’ (GR.5a-c.1931).
	www.swan.ac.uk /classics/staff/dg/lamb/app1.htm (1287 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2003.09.42
		While certainly wheat, grapes, and olives are all grown in the LS area, the sporadic amount of annual rainfall and the predominance of poor water-retaining soils must have made olives generally more suitable than wheat.
		A preliminary analysis of erosion suggests that significant anthropogenic erosional episodes were limited to two periods of agricultural expansion (the Early Helladic and early Classical).
		There is no gradual transition between Final Neolithic and Early Helladic -- EH I appears to be a generally dark time for Laconia -- and small farmsteads (<.10 ha) and medium-sized farmstead clusters (.20-.70s ha) reappear in the LS area only in EH II, probably indicating an orientation toward mixed agriculture.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2003/2003-09-42.html (2900 words)

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