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Topic: Early History of Laos

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	The Early History of Laos at Sticky-Rice.com
		Laos built with blood from the battlefields, oiled by the sweat of enemies and sustained by political and administrative intrigues sprinkled with spiritual Buddhism.
		Occupying the southeast, Laos was part of the Nanzhao kingdom of the present day Yunnan, China.
		The Lao legend of the creation of the world was associated with Khum Borom who gave Luang Phrabang (then Muang Sua) to his son Khum Lo.
	www.sticky-rice.com /the_early_history_of_laos (720 words)

	History of Laos - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The History of Laos (also see Early History of Laos) is traced to the establishment of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (literally, "million elephants") by King Fa Ngum in 1353.
		Laos was not granted full sovereignty until the French defeat by the Vietnamese and the subsequent Geneva peace conference in 1954.
		For nearly a decade, Laos was subjected to the heaviest bombing in the history of warfare, as the U.S. sought to destroy the Ho Chi Minh Trail that passed through eastern Laos.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Laos (810 words)

	Laos - Gurupedia
		Asia, bordered by Myanmar (commonly known in the west as Burma) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west.
		Laos' early history was dominated by the wider Nan-chao kingdom, which was succeded in the 14th century by the local kingdom of Lan Xang that lasted until its decline in the 18th century, after which Thailand assumed control of the separate
		The official and dominant language is Lao, a tonal language of the Tai linguistic group.
	www.gurupedia.com /l/la/laos.htm (940 words)

	LAOS FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The '''Lao People's Democratic Republic''' is a landlocked country in Southeast_Asia, bordered by Myanmar (commonly known in the West as Burma) and the People's_Republic_of_China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west.
		Laos is a landlocked country in Southeast_Asia and the thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou_Bia at 2,817 m, with some plains and plateaus.
		The Lao are descended from the Tai_people who began migrating southward from China in the first millennium AD.
	www.bellabuds.com /Laos (1494 words)

	History of Laos
		Laos traces its first recorded history and its origins as a unified state to the emergence of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (literally, "million elephants") in 1353.
		Laos was not granted full sovereignty until the French defeat by the Vietnamese and the subsequent Geneva peace conference in 1954.
		For nearly a decade, Laos was subjected to extremely heavy bombing as the U.S. sought to destroy the portion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that passed through eastern Laos.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/laos.html (733 words)

	AllRefer.com - Laos : History : Early History to Independence (Laos Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		During World War II, Laos was gradually occupied by the Japanese, who in 1945 persuaded the king of Luang Phabang to declare the country's independence.
		In 1951, a Communist Laotian nationalist movement, the Pathet Lao, was formed by Prince Souphanouvong in North Vietnam.
		In 1953, Pathet Lao guerrillas accompanied a Viet Minh invasion of Laos from Vietnam and established a government at Samneua in N Laos.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Laos-history.html (411 words)

	A History of Laos
		When "in 1893 a political entity called Laos was recreated, less than half the territory and a fraction of the population of the former kingdom of Lan Xang were included," so that far more ethnic Lao now live in Thailand than in Laos.
		On the one hand the French had to portray themselves as protectors of a French Laos which they were assisting to modernise, but on the other the economic exploitation of Indo-China required the subordination of Lao interests.
		Laos is one of the forgotten parts of our region about which too little is known.
	www.nationalobserver.net /1999_autumn_br5.htm (974 words)

	History of Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Laos traces its formal history (also see Early History of Laos) to the establishment of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (literally, "million elephants") by King Fa Ngum in 1353.
		Although the country was to be neutral, a growing American and North Vietnamese military presence in the country increasingly drew Laos into the second Indochina war (1954-75).
		The new communist government led by Kaysone Phomvihane imposed centralized economic decisionmaking and broad security measures, including control of the media and the arrest and incarceration of many members of the previous government and military in "re-education camps" (samana).
	www.asia-handicrafts.com /about-laos/laos-history.htm (789 words)

	Articles - Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The early history of Laos was dominated by the wider Nanzhao kingdom, which was succeeded in the 14th century by the local kingdom of Lan Xang that lasted until its decline in the 18th century, after which Thailand assumed control of the separate principalities that remained.
		In 1975 the communist Pathet Lao backed by the Soviets and communist Vietnamese overthrew the royalist government of King Savang Vatthana who were backed by the US and France.
		In the central and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer tribes, known as Lao Theung or midslope Laotians, predominate.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/Laos (1431 words)

	HISTORY OF LAOS FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The History of Laos (also see Early_History_of_Laos) is traced to the establishment of the Kingdom of Lan_Xang (literally, "million elephants") by King Fa_Ngum in 1353.
		Amidst the First Indochina War between France and the communist movement in Vietnam, Prince Souphanouvong formed the Pathet_Lao ("Land of Laos") resistance organization committed to the communist struggle against colonialism.
		On December_2, 1975, the king abdicated his throne in the constitutional_monarchy, and the communist Lao_People's_Democratic_Republic (LPDR) was established.
	www.19gmarketinggroup.com /History_of_Laos (747 words)

	Laos (10/05)
		Laos' population was estimated at 5.7 million in 2004, dispersed unevenly across the country.
		Laos traces its first recorded history and its origins as a unified state to the emergence of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (literally, "million elephants") in 1353.
		For nearly a decade, Laos was subjected to extremely heavy bombing as the U.S. sought to destroy the portion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that passed through eastern Laos.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2770.htm (3022 words)

	[No title]
		The Lao People's Democratic Republic is a landlocked country in 4 southeast Asia, bordered by 7 Myanmar (commonly known 8 in the west 5 as Burma) and China 1 to the northwest, Vietnam 6 to the east, 3 Cambodia to the south, and Thailand 1 to the west.
		Laos is a landlocked 4 country in Southeast 3 Asia and the 9 thickly forested landscape 9 consists mostly of rugged 2 mountains, the highest of 2 which is Phou Bia 3 at 2,817 m, 3 with some plains 6 and plateaus.
		The term Laotian does not necessarily refer to 6 the ethnic Lao 1 language, ethnic Lao 4 people, language or customs, 8 but is more a 0 political term that 1 also includes the 4 non-ethnic Lao groups within 4 Laos and identifies 0 them as "Laotian" 4 because of their political 2 citizenship.
	www.centiel.com /laos_.htm (1211 words)

	Laos : Lao
		The Lao People's Democratic Republic is a landlocked country in southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west.
		Political unrest in neighbouring Vietnam dragged Laos into the greater Second Indochina War which was a destabilising factor that contributed to civil war and several coup d'états.
		About half the country's people are ethnic Lao[?], the principal lowland inhabitants and the politically and culturally dominant group.
	www.findword.org /la/lao.html (1018 words)

	History of Laos
		Laos was a low-key French protectorate, known as the land of the lotus-eaters, where an indolent lifestyle prevailed.
		Laos became a pawn of the superpowers, with Hmong tribesmen trained by CIA agents, Thai mercenaries fighting for the Royal Lao government, and the Pathet Lao receiving help from the Chinese, the Russians, and the Vietminh.
		During the Vietnam War, Laos was effectively partitioned into four spheres of influence: the Chinese in the north, the Vietnamese along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in the east, the Thais in western areas controlled by the US-backed Royal Lao Government, and the Khmer Rouge operating from parts of the south.
	www.visit-laos.com /sabbaidee/history.htm (1891 words)

	Laos - EARLY HISTORY
		The original inhabitants of Laos were Austroasiatic peoples, who lived by hunting and gathering before the advent of agriculture.
		Culturally, this polyethnic, hierarchical, and militarized state was to have a great influence on later societies in Indochina, transmitting the Tantric Buddhism of Bengal to Laos, Thailand, and the Shan state, and possibly Cambodia, and the political ideology of the maharaja (protector of Buddhism).
		Khun Lo had been awarded the town by his father, Khun Borom, who is associated with the Lao legend of the creation of the world, which the Lao share with the Shan and other peoples of the region.
	countrystudies.us /laos/4.htm (818 words)

	Laos Early History
		The original inhabitants of Laos were Austroasiatic peoples, who lived by hunting and gathering before the advent of agriculture.
		Culturally, this polyethnic, hierarchical, and militarized state was to have a great influence on later societies in Indochina, transmitting the Tantric Buddhism of Bengal to Laos, Thailand, and the Shan state, and possibly Cambodia, and the political ideology of the maharaja (protector of Buddhism).
		Khun Lo had been awarded the town by his father, Khun Borom, who is associated with the Lao legend of the creation of the world, which the Lao share with the Shan and other peoples of the region.
	www.country-studies.com /laos/early-history.html (818 words)

	Vaal Triangle Info Encylopedia - Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Laos is divided into 16 provinces (khoueng), 1 municipality* (kampheng nakhon), and 1 special zone** (khetphiset):
		The largest Christian denominations are the Roman Catholic Church, the Eglise évangélique du Laos and the Mission évangélique au Laos.
		Additionally, the Khao San Pathet Lao, the official news agency of the Lao P.D.R., publishes English and French versions of its eponymous paper.
	www.vaaltriangleinfo.co.za /wiki/index.php?title=Laos (1623 words)

	Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The term Lao is most frequently used to refer to the dominant language and people of Laos.
		Laos' early history was dominated by the wider Nanzhao kingdom, which was succeded in the 14th century by the local kingdom of Lan Xang that lasted until its decline in the 18th century, after which Thailand assumed control of the separate principalities that remained.
		In 1975 the communist Pathet Lao movement overthrew the royal government of King Savang Vatthana and took control of the country, which they promptly renamed the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/la/Laos.htm (1000 words)

	Laos -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Early in 1971, South Vietnamese troops invaded Laotian territory in an unsuccessful attempt to cut the Ho Chi Minh trail.
		In the early 1990s Laos abandoned economic communism for capitalism, but the party retained tight political control, and political dissent was harshly suppressed.
		Laos was admitted to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1997.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Laos_History.asp (1534 words)

	Phuket history, Thai antiques, art and temples in Thailand
		Southern Thailand has been inhabited since the early days of mankind by ancient tribes who settled and or adapted their lifestyles to the local environment.
		As these ships were at times forced to wait weeks or even months for favorable winds, it is believed that these early sailors discovered the precious metal.
		These early traders are believed to have been trying to establish a trade in cotton cloth, spices and tin.
	www.phuket-guide.net /phuket_history (836 words)

	Asiabooks Catalogue - Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This is the first history to pay particular attention to the relationship between Laos and her neighbours.
		Spatial structures of the economic and social development of the Lao P.D.R. (Copenhagen, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 2000, 164 pp., ISBN 87 87062 87 9) This is the first atlas of its kind and scope.
		The statistics mapped in the atlas paint a picture of Laos at the end of the 1990s.
	www.asiabooks.gil.com.au /catalogue/laos_05.html (417 words)

	Laos History - TravelPuppy.com
		Laos subsequently became part of French Indo-China, which lasted until the 1950s, with the exception of a short period of occupation by the Japanese during World War II.
		In the late 1980s however, tension between China and Laos finally began to subside: diplomatic relations (which had been cut off in the late 1970s) were restored in December 1987, and cultural and bilateral trade agreements signed.
		The dominant politicians in Laos since it gained independence have been the veteran General Secretary of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (the LPRP, whose armed wing is the Pathet Lao), Kaysone Phomvihane, and Prince Souphanouvong (the ‘Red Prince’).
	travelpuppy.com /laos/history.htm (836 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Laos
		The country is also sometimes called the Land of A Million Elephants, a translation of the name of its predecessor, Lan Xang.
		In 1975 the communist Pathet Lao movement overthrew the royalist government of King Savang Vatthana and took control of the country, which they promptly renamed the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
		Despite this high growth rate, Laos remains a country with a primitive infrastructure; it currently has no railroads, although a short link is planned to connect Vientiane with Thailand over the Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge, a rudimentary though improving road system, and limited external and internal telecommunications.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Laos (1098 words)

	Royalty.nu - Asian Royalty - Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Thailand, more
		A general history of the changes in society over 600 years as Lan Xang was gradually dismembered and became a French colony.
		Stalking the Elephant Kings: In Search of Laos by Christopher Kremmer explores the mystery of what happened to King Savang Vatthana and his family, who disappeared from their palace in 1977 and apparently died in a communist labor camp.
		A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc by Oscar Chapuis.
	www.royalty.nu /Asia (2449 words)

	Laos - Biocrawler definition:Laos - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It is also a romanised form of the word Laos in the Lao language (ລາວ).
		The economy receives aid from the IMF and other international sources and from new foreign investment in food-processing and mining, most notably of copper and gold.
		Hill people such as the Hmong (Meo), Yao (Mien), Black Thai, Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples, have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Laos (1548 words)

	Destination Lao - A Virtual Travel Southeast Asia: Laos
		Laos is the least developed asian landlocked country, surrounded by China in the north, Burma (Myanmar) to the north-west, Thailand in the south-west, Cambodia (Kampuchia) in the south-east, and Vietnam to the east.
		The unit of currency in Laos is the new kip (921.13 new kips equal U.S.$1; 1996).
		The Embassy of the Lao P.D.R in Thailand.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/laos.htm (690 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: A Short History of Laos: The Land in Between (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Informative and portable, it chronicles the history of Laos from ancient times, when the dynastic states of the region waxed and waned, to the turmoil of the Vietnam War and independence from France.
		For someone like myself, who had his own intense introduction to Laos in the late 60s and looks forward to a return, the book is an insightful refresher and update.
		This short history is thoughtful, well-written, and largely devoid of moral judgments.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1864489979 (484 words)

	History of Japan: An Annotated Directory of Internet Resources
		History of Japanese currency with illustrations, abstracts of research papers, and FAQ
		(in Japanese) History of horses with images and biographical capsules of famous horsemen and samurai from the 12th to the 20th century; English test version
		Supplementing Dalby's works on Japanese history and culture: The Tale of Murasaki, novel about the author of The Tale of Genji, with biographical sketches of historical and invented characters and brief essays on "Various aspects of life and culture in eleventh-century Japan"; also Geisha, Kimono, and her current work
	newton.uor.edu /Departments&Programs/AsianStudiesDept/japan-history.html (1470 words)

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