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Topic: Early history of Poland until 1385


  
  History of the Jews in Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
Over 90% of the Jews in Poland were killed by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust, though, with a few tragic exceptions, such as the Jedwabne pogrom, Poles did not cooperate in the destruction of the Jewish community, and many protected their Jewish neighbors.
Conflicts and disputes, however, became of frequent occurrence, and led to the convocation of periodical rabbinical congresses, which were the nucleus of the central institution known in Poland, from the middle of the sixteenth to the middle of the eighteenth century, as the Council of Four Lands.
Disorder and anarchy reigned supreme in Poland during the second half of the eighteenth century, from the accession to the throne of its last king, Stanislaus II Augustus Poniatowski (1764–1795).
www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland   (7402 words)

  
 Italy
It was the invasion of Italy by the French King Charles VIII in 1494 that disrupted the rule of the Medici.
The tenure of the Farnese family in Parma continued until the hieress, Elizabeth Farnese, married King Philip V of Spain.
The history of the Duchy of Benevento spans the entire period that might be considered the toughest times for European civilization.
www.friesian.com /italia.htm   (10172 words)

  
 Poland and the Origin of Slavs - Little of Slavic History
Poland has steadfastly pursued a policy of economic liberalization throughout the 1990s and today stands out as a success story among transition economies.
Putting aside their previous hostility, Poland and Lithuania saw that they shared common enemies, most notably the Teutonic Knights; this situation was the direct incentive for the Union of Krewo in 1385.
Poland and Lithuania would maintain joint statehood for more than 400 years, and over the first three centuries of that span the "Commonwealth of Two Nations" ranked as one of the leading powers of the continent.
slavs.freeservers.com /Poland.html   (1722 words)

  
 The Patrin Web Journal - Timeline of Romani (Gypsy) History
The history of the Roma is one of continuous struggle and persecution.
Michael Kwiek II succeeds his father Gregory as "King of the Gypsies" in Poland and is recognized as such by the Polish government.
In Poland, all Gypsies from the Lodz ghtetto are transported and gassed at Chelmo.
www.geocities.com /~patrin/timeline.htm   (9433 words)

  
 Scotland (United Kingdom)
In 1160 AD, St. Andrews Cathedral was erected, and the saint's relics were kept there until the cathedral was destroyed during the Reformation.
1385: The ordinances for its use on soldier's uniforms read: 'Item every man French and Scots shall have a sign before and behind, namely a white St Andrew's Cross, and if his jack is white or his coat white he shall bear the said white cross in a piece of fl cloth round or square'.
Protokletos, or first-called, is the byname given to the Apostle Andrew in the early Greek Church.
www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/gb-scotl.html   (4312 words)

  
 Portugal
An early Celtic tribe, the Lusitanians, are believed to have been the first inhabitants of Portugal.
By the time the Portuguese monarchy was restored in 1640, Dutch, English, and French competitors had begun to seize the lion's share of the world's colonies and commerce.
Portugal retained Angola and Mozambique in Africa, and Brazil (until 1822).
www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107895.html   (1313 words)

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