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Topic: Earth's rotation

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[extropy-chat] Astronomical question I wrote: > Once the earth/moon system has reached synchronous > rotation, or orbital stability, it's my > understanding that the earth/moon-system-induced > changes in question (earth slowing and moon > recession) will be stabilized. What's > > happening is that the earth/moon system is slowly > > "gravitating" toward synchronous rotation, or > > tidal lock. So provided there are no other forces acting on the moon I see no reason to assume this feature of the process of achieving synchronous rotation would eject the moon from the system. lists.extropy.org /pipermail/extropy-chat/2005-February/013994.html   (306 words)

Moon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Moon is in a synchronous rotation with Earth, which means that one side of the Moon (the "near side") is permanently turned towards Earth. As a result, some of the Earth's rotational momentum is gradually being transferred to the Moon's orbital momentum, resulting in the Moon slowly receding from Earth at the rate of approximately 38 mm per year. This synchronous rotation is a result of torque having slowed down the Moon's rotation in its early history, a process known as tidal locking. www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Moon   (4521 words)

MSN Encarta - Search Results - optical rotation day length from Earth’s rotation, Earth (planet), Earth Facts and Figures, motions of the Earth, angular momentum, astronomy, axis of the Earth,... Rotation, in geometry, a transformation in which a figure is turned about a given point, known as the center of rotation. Search for books about your topic, "optical rotation" encarta.msn.com /optical+rotation.html   (145 words)

Lesson 6 - The Moon's Motion Because the Moon's rotation has been captured by the Earth, one side always faces towards the Earth and (of course) that means one side always faces away from the Earth. This caused the rotation of the Moon to slow down and after a long period of time (millions of years) the rotation became so slow that one side always faced the Earth. When a body has despun its partner it is said to have "captured" its partner's rotation and we describe the partner's rotation as synchronous with that of the primary body. www.synapses.co.uk /astro/moon1.html   (3102 words)

Year - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A tropical year is the time for the Earth to complete one revolution with respect to the framework provided by the intersection of the ecliptic (the plane of the orbit of the Earth) and the plane of the equator (the plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the Earth). Because of the precession of the equinoxes, this framework moves slowly westward along the ecliptic with respect to the fixed stars (with a period of about 26,000 tropical years); as a consequence, the Earth completes this year before it completes a full orbit as measured in a fixed reference frame. Solar calendars usually aim to predict the seasons, but because the length of individual seasonal years varies significantly, they instead use an astronomical year as a surrogate. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Year   (3102 words)

Addendum - How the New Saturn Rotation Rate Saved the Cassini Mission Unlike the Earth (whose rotational anomalies are blamed on the tides caused by its one large satellite, the Moon), Saturn’s moons can have no part in this new rotational puzzle — being much too tiny, and much too far way, to have any perceptible slowing gravitational effects on Saturn. Since 1972, there have been two timekeeping methods for keeping track of Earth’s “day” — the usual one, astronomically measuring the Earth’s rotation relative to distant background objects in the Universe (stars, quasars, radio galaxies, etc.); and a newer one, via the very precise energy exchanges occurring within cesium and hydrogen atoms, so-called “atomic clocks.”  rotational anomalies, it is clear — at least, it’s clear to us -- that some fundamental aspect of “planetary rotation and associated angular momentum” must be involved with Saturn’s mysterious “radio slow down” — despite Dr. Gurnett’s opinion. www.enterprisemission.com /_articles/06-30-2004_Cassini/addendum-cassin_imission.htm   (3102 words)

Carrington Rotation Start and Stop Times The rotation of the Sun and the orbital motion of the Earth are in the same direction (both counterclockwise when viewed from north of Earth's orbital plane). The synodic rotation rate varies a little during the year because of the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit; the mean synodic value is about 27.2753 days. Traditionally the start and stop times of Carrington rotations are derived assuming that the solar rotation period as viewed from the Earth is a constant. umtof.umd.edu /pm/crn/CARRTIME.HTML   (3102 words)

Viscous drag and the differential rotation of the Earth's core (ResearchIndex) Abstract: It is proposed that the differential rotation of the Earth's inner core deduced by Song and Richards (1996) is due to a combination of the deacceleration of the Earth's rotation and the viscous drag between the Earth's inner and outer cores. Viscosity Determination from the Differential Rotation of the.. If this model is correct, then the dynamic viscosity in the outer core of the Earth can be estimated to be ¯ ¸ 10 4 poise. citeseer.ist.psu.edu /136069.html   (3102 words)

The Moon's movement : The Sun & Moon : GCSE Astronomy : E-learning : Learning : National Maritime Museum This synchronous rotation means that it always shows the same face to the Earth. The 27.3 days it takes the Moon to complete one orbit around the Earth is about the same as the time taken for it to complete one rotation. When it is moving faster in its orbit, this allows observers on Earth to see around the trailing edge of the Moon. www.nmm.ac.uk /server.php?show=conWebDoc.8027&viewPage=2   (402 words)

Encyclopedia: Geodesy Rotation (green), Precession (blue) and Nutation (red) of the Earth Nutation is a slight irregular motion (etymologically a nodding) in the axis of rotation of a largely axially symmetric object, such as a gyroscope or a planet. The shape of the earth is to a large extent the result of its rotation, which causes its equatorial bulge, and the competition of geologic processes such as the collision of plates and of vulcanism, resisted by the earth's gravity field. The North celestial pole is the extension of the Earth's (precessing and nutating) instantaneous spin axis extended Northward to intersect the celestial sphere. www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Geodesy   (5930 words)

Solar Eclipse Calendar Quoted in Historical Eclipses and Earth's Rotation, by F Richard Stephenson, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pages 121 and 135. Quoted in Encyclopedia Britannica CD 98, and in Historical Eclipses and Earth's Rotation by F Richard Stephenson, Cambridge University Press, 1997, page 237. Quoted in Historical Eclipses and Earth's Rotation, by F Richard Stephenson, Cambridge University Press, 1997, page 446. solareclipsewebpages.users.btopenworld.com /SECalendar.htm   (5930 words)

Shape of Asteroid 433 Eros Asteroid 433 Eros is the second largest member of the near-Earth population and also one of the most elongated. As vertices are perturbed on one side of the asteroid to improve the spectral fit near one rotation phase, there must be associated perturbations elsewhere to maintain principal axis rotation about the origin in a manner that does not compromise the goodness of fit at other rotation phases. The fact that both models account for the spectral asymmetry at rotation phases from ~190-210 degrees by placing one or more concavities on the asteroid's M1 side suggests that this is a real characteristic of Eros' shape. echo.jpl.nasa.gov /asteroids/433_Eros/eros.html   (5930 words)

Rotation of sun and planets Also, from the rotation Equation we can calculate the rotation period of Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto because all these planets are circled by another moons with small mass (m). (Basis of this theory: Due to additive effect of earth's rotation and earth's revolution The rotation period of a large body is highly effected by the inclination degree of the small body orbit. www.geocities.com /saeles/planetsrotation.htm   (853 words)

Nat' Academies Press, Physics of the Earth - II The Figure of the Earth Bulletin of the National Research Council (1931) He supposes that the rotation of the earth was originally so rapid that the solar sem;- diurnal tides had a period approximating to the natural period of vibra- tion of the earth for a disturbance of the tidal type, that is, a period o-t' about two hours. The more rapid rotation of' the earth would diminish the period of tidal forces, that is, the time of a tidal oscillation. The change in the velocity of rotation needed to reduce the free period to one year on the supposition that the constitution of' the earth remains unaltered is about six per cent, corresponding to a decrease of 1.4 hours in the length of day. www.nap.edu /books/ARC000033/html/81.html   (5587 words)

Cosmos Without Gravitation The cause of the earth’s magnetic field is in (1) the magnetic field of the sun, and (2) the rotation of the charged earth around its axis. The sun is one million times larger than the earth, and its day is but twenty-six times longer than the terrestrial day; the swiftness of its rotation at its equator is over 125 km. As the movement of anticyclones cannot be explained by the mechanistic principles of gravitation and rotation, it must be concluded that the rotation of cyclones is also unexplained. www.varchive.org /ce/cosmos.htm   (5587 words)

Sidereal day An apparent sidereal day is the time it takes for the Earth to turn 360 degrees in its rotation; more precisely, is the time it takes a typical star to make two successive upper meridian transits. The reason there is one more sidereal day than "normal" days in a year is that the Earth's orbit around the Sun cancels one sidereal day out, giving observers on Earth 365 (and a quarter) days, even though the planet itself rotated 366 (and a quarter) times. At time 2, the planet has rotated 360° and the distant star is overhead again (1→2 = one sidereal day). www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/sidereal_day   (5587 words)

Could you explain what causes the Moon's synchronous rotation? The Moon was originally rotating faster than it is now so that 3-4 billion years ago it was not orbiting the Earth as fast as it was rotating about its axis. So, a combination of the Moon's initial deformation when it was molten and solidified in the Earth's tidal gravitational field, together with the on-going tidal deformation, leads to a preferred orientation to the Moon in its orbit which the system relaxes to over billions of years. The tidal force of the Earth's gravitational field raises solid-body tides on the Moon causing the Moon to be deformed into a non-spherical body resembling a football. www.astronomycafe.net /qadir/q277.html   (453 words)

Ast 110: Class 7 Synchronous rotation of the Moon--- is the name for the fact that the Moon rotates on its axis in the same time it takes to revolve around the Earth, namely 1 sidereal month. Some calculations discover that this will go on until the Earth is also in synchronous rotation. Another observation that suggests the connection between the Earth and the Moon is eclipses. www.ifa.hawaii.edu /~acowie/class99/class_7.html   (629 words)

Curious About Astronomy: If the Earth's rotation period is less than 24 hours, why don't our clocks fall out of sync with the Sun? So, the Earth's rotation period is actually 4 minutes less than what we call as one day. My question is this: The Earth's rotation is actually about 4 minutes shy of 24 hours. If instead we defined a day to be the time taken by the Earth to rotate round itself exactly once, then as you mention, the Sun will be overhead on some day at midnight. curious.astro.cornell.edu /question.php?number=52   (629 words)

PlanetsFacts Synchronous rotation (59-d rotation vs. 88-d revolution—ratio 2:3—making one mercurian solar day 176 earth-days long! Slow retrograde rotation with a period of –243 days (the negative sign means “retrograde”). Uranus&; peculiar rotation: barely retrograde—rotation axis almost in the plane of orbit!—catastrophic event in distant past, such as collision with an asteroid? www.snc.edu /physics/takahashi/AstronomyF05/Horizons/PlanetFacts.html   (934 words)

Orbital Synchrony Namely, there is tidal friction on the moon caused by the earth's gravity which has, over the eons, slowed the moon's rotation on its axis until it does not rotate at all as seen from the earth. The earth's rotation is also slowing, but due to its immensely greater inertia, it has a ways to go before stopping. Steve Ross ===================================================== It turns out that synchronous rotation of pairs of orbiting satellites is "the rule" rather than the "exception to the rule". www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/phy00/phy00670.htm   (508 words)

The Wind Is Blowing, The Earth Is Rotating The Earth rotates non-uniformly, its poles move, and the rotation axis fluctuates in space. The scientist has made such a conclusion after long-term observations of tidal oscillations of the Earth’s rotation speed, changes in atmospheric processes and hydrometeorological characteristics. According to Sidorenkov’s observations, the Earth’s rotation regimes coincide with tide fluctuations and synoptical processes in the atmosphere. innovations-report.com /html/reports/earth_sciences/report-40760.html   (663 words)

Pole Shifts - Crystalinks Axial Tilt: the ecliptic is the plane of the Earth's ellipsoidal orbital path around the sun; the rotation axis is currently inclined to the ecliptic by an angle of 23.5 degrees: this is called the obliquity, or tilt, of the axis. The Earth's rotation acts on these nonsymmetrically deposited masses of ice, and produces centrifugal momentum that is transmitted to the rigid crust of the Earth. The equatorial bulge, the rotation axis' angle of inclination to the ecliptic plane, the gravitational tidal forces of the Sun, Moon and planets, have an affect on the Earths' orbit that produces the famous precession of the equinoxes. www.crystalinks.com /poleshifts.html   (1735 words)

Earth's rotation about its axis After the Earth has completed one rotation about its axis in 23 hours and 56 minutes, it then has to rotate for about an extra four minutes every day to 'catch up' with the Sun again. This movement of the Sun is a result of the Earth moving in its own orbit around the Sun. The Earth rotates once about its axis (ie a line through the poles) roughly every 23 hours and 56 minutes. www.fv01.dial.pipex.com /sthelp/earth_rotation.htm   (228 words)

axis of rotation The axis of rotation is the axis that the earth turns. The earth's axial tilt controls the incidence angle of the sun. The earth rotates on its axis once each day. www.uwsp.edu /geo/faculty/ritter/glossary/a_d/axis_of_rotation.html   (42 words)

Ocean Planet:Ocean Currents Currents flow in complex patterns affected by wind, the water's salinity and heat content, bottom topography, and the earth's rotation. Earth's rotation and strong seasonal winds push surface water away from some western coasts, so water rises on the western edges of continents to replace it. Western boundary currents are good examples of warm surface currents: they are warm and fast, and they move from tropical to temperate latitudes §. seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov /OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/oceanography_currents_1.html   (508 words)

Time Supplement [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] However, in order to keep our atomic-based calendar in synchrony with the rotations and revolutions of the earth, say, to keep atomic-noons occurring on astronomical-noons and ultimately to keep Northern hemisphere winters from occurring in some future July, we systematically add leap years and leap seconds in the counting process. One other advantage of the cesium clock is that it provides a standard that is reproducible anywhere in the universe where there is cesium, and the behavior of the cesium atom is relatively isolated from other processes such as a comet bombarding the earth. In ordinary discourse, an event has more than an infinitesimal duration, but in the technical discourse of physics, all events are composed of point events, events with zero duration. www.iep.utm.edu /ancillaries/time-sup.htm   (508 words)

Period of Rotation of the Sun At the equator the sun's rotational period is twenty-five days while at higher latitudes the sun tends to rotate more slowly. The sun rotates from west to east in the same direction as the earth. The rotational period near the poles it is thirty-five days. hypertextbook.com /facts/1999/RadhikaKapoor.shtml   (508 words)

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Universe The rotation of the earth was strong enough to deviate the horizontal axis, which was suspended on a triple wire, six and a half degrees from the primevertical. Learning then from French geometers the exact dimensions of the earth he found the force that keeps the moon in her orbit to be identical with terrestrial gravity divided by the square of the distance from the centre. Two pendulums used simultaneously, and moving in opposite directions, yielded the correct value of the diurnal rotation within a tenth of one per cent, a result never reached by Foucault's pendulum. www.newadvent.org /cathen/15183a.htm   (508 words)

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