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Topic: Earth Simulator

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	Earth Simulator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Earth Simulator (ES) was the fastest supercomputer in the world from 2002 to 2004, located at the Earth Simulator Center (ESC) in Kanazawa-ku (ward), Yokohama-shi, Japan.
		Earth Simulator was surpassed by IBM's Blue Gene/L prototype on September 29, 2004.
		It has been able to run holistic simulations of global climate in both the atmosphere and the ocean down to a precision of 10 km.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Earth_Simulator (339 words)

	Simulating the Planet Earth: Special Feature \| NEC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Located at the Earth Simulator Center (ESC) at Yokohama, Japan, the supercomputer occupies a space the size of four tennis courts and comprises 640 processor nodes using 5,120 CPUs connected with 2,800 km of cable.
		Earth Simulator also packs the power to study the thousand-year cycles of ocean current movements and forecast the resulting climate changes in 180 days, and enough to simulate earthquakes and develop better emergency plans to safeguard human life.
		Earth Simulator has surpassed all original technical requirements and specifications, achieving a whopping 87.5 percent of peak performance or 35.86TFlops on the LINPACK benchmark with full nodes.
	www.nec.com /global/features/index9 (647 words)

	Japanese 'Computenik' Earth Simulator shatters US supercomputer hegemony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Earth Simulator is a special purpose machine, made by NEC with the same type of vector technology as is available on the SX-6.
		It is especially suited for simulating complex linked systems, where for instance, the climate is modelled together with water flow on the earth and models of the ocean.
		The ES (Earth Simulator) is a significant step into the future of high end supercomputers: it is approximately 5 times faster than the current #1, ASCI White, if we take the best linpack performance as a yardstick.
	www.hoise.com /primeur/02/articles/weekly/AE-PR-05-02-59.html (636 words)

	Earth Science on the Earth Simulator I - Union [U]
		Numerical Simulations of Convective Dynamos and Electromagnetic Induction in a Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Earth on the Earth Simulator
		The simulation code for the new method was transferred to the ES and tested with the benchmark test codes for the geodynamo simulation.
		Under a collaboration project on the Earth Simulator entitled "Simulation of Earthquake Generation Process in a Complex System of Faults", we are constructing regional 3-D heterogeneous viscoelastic models in northeast and southwest Japan to simulate cycles of great interplate earthquakes along the Japan trench and the Nankai trough, respectively.
	www.agu.org /meetings/wp04/wp04-sessions/wp04_U21A.html (2238 words)

	TIME.com: Best Inventions 2002 - Earth Simulator
		The Earth Simulator, the most powerful supercomputer ever built, was designed for a single purpose: to create a virtual twin of our home planet.
		Before the Earth Simulator arrived, the fastest computer in the world was an American military machine that can perform 7.2 trillion calculations per second.
		Located at a vast, newly built facility in Yokohama, the Earth Simulator is the size of four tennis courts.
	www.time.com /time/2002/inventions/rob_earth.html (330 words)

	UCAR Staff Notes: Tapping the Earth Simulator
		Once the IPCC experiments are wrapped up later this year, CGD researchers will use the Earth Simulator through 2006 to run experiments with the atmosphere and ocean components of CCSM at an extraordinarily fine-scale resolution: about 50 kilometers for the atmosphere and around 10 kilometers for the ocean.
		The Earth Simulator uses vector-based computers—a technology that NCAR hasn’t used since its CRAY supercomputers, which operated from the 1970s to the mid-1990s.
		That resolution is 1 degree (100 kilometers, or 62 miles) for the ocean and sea ice, and approximately 2 degrees (200 kilometers, or 64 miles) for the atmosphere and land surface.
	www.ucar.edu /communications/staffnotes/0404/simulator.html (1578 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Japanese supercomputer simulates Earth
		The new machine, called the Earth Simulator, is five times as fast as the best of these and is being used by the Japan Marine Science and Technology Centre to make predictions about the future of the Earth's climate and its crust.
		The Earth Simulator is capable of 35 teraflops, or 35 million million calculations per second.
		The Earth Simulator was built by NEC and achieves its extraordinary performance by using components optimised for the particular problem it sets out to solve.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1951000/1951265.stm (356 words)

	Simulating Climate with the Most Powerful Supercomputer in the World
		The Earth Simulator is now pushing climate models to match the resolution of observations from space and is breaking new ground for modelers to exploit available data.
		An astonishing result from the Earth Simulator is that these slow ocean variations are highly organized in space and concentrated along narrow fronts across which ocean surface.
		By weaving information from the Earth Simulator together with satellite observations from space and observations coming from a new ocean measurement project, the Argo project involving several thousand floats, scientists will be able to fast forward to see what the climate in places like Hawai‘i may be like in the next several decades.
	www.uhm.hawaii.edu /cgi-bin/uhnews?20040903095444 (753 words)

	The Earth Simulator Project
		The project's simulation of the earth's environment benefits not only meteorology but other fields in earth science as well; another goal of the project is to advance the understanding of long range crustal movements and the mechanisms of seismicity.
		Smaller grid sizes, however, implies longer simulation times that may not be feasible in practice, and current climate models have their resolutions limited to the 100 km range, too coarse-grained for representing narrower cloud systems [3].
		The Earth Simulator, located in Yokohoma, Japan, sits at the top of the current Top 500 [4] list with a peak performance of 40 TeraFLOPS per second and a LINPACK benchmark peak of 35.6 TFLOPS/second.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~wychen/cs267/hw0/hw0.htm (665 words)

	SEMINAR: Earth Simulator, the World's Fastest Supercomputer [PSC]
		The goal of the Earth Simulator is to envision the form the Earth will take in the future and to execute simulations to project that form mail as accurately as possible.
		Earth Simulator, capable of executing a maximum of 40 trillion floating-point calculations in a single second, enables highly accurate predictions of changes in the Earth's environment.
		In addition to its contributions to advances in computer science and technology, the Earth Simulator is expected to achieve dramatic results through various research applications in Japan's most advanced and most critical research fields.
	www.psc.edu /publicinfo/news/2003/2003-05-27_esc.html (190 words)

	smh.com.au - Technology
		Dongarra says that the Earth Simulator is five times faster than the computer that was at No 1 - the ASCI White computer in the US, built to simulate the impact of a nuclear blast.
		The Earth Simulator is capable of creating a virtual Earth, using information sent from satellites and other observation points, so that scientists will be able to predict changes in climate such as global warming, weather events and earthquakes.
		For Australia, the work of the Earth Simulator could have big implications, dramatically improving the understanding of the El Nino effect, droughts and cyclones.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2002/05/03/1019441438865.html (1331 words)

	NEC Global - Press Release
		The Earth Simulator was developed by the Earth Simulator Research and Development Center (ESRDC, Kiyoshi Asai, Director), which is a collaborative organization of the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA, Shuichiro Yamanouchi, President), Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI, Kenichi Murakami, President), and Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC, Takuya Hirano, President).
		The Earth Simulator system was installed in the simulator building (with floor space 50m x 65m) at Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences (Yokohama, Kanagawa) of JAMSTEC.
		The Earth Simulator will create a "virtual planet earth" on the computer by its capability of processing vast volume of data sent from satellites, buoys and other worldwide observation point.
	www.nec.co.jp /press/en/0203/0801.html (485 words)

	Earth Simulator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Description: Atmosphere and Ocean Simulation Research Group (AOSG) The main mission of our group is to cultivate the new potential of tera-scale simulations for the variability studies on the atmosphere, oceans and its coupled system together with the research coordination for the effective use of our unique hardware resource.
		Description: Atmospheric Simulation Using AFES We carry out simulation researches using AFES (AGCM for the Earth Simulator) to understand the mechanism of the variability with time scale from a few days to decades and to study the predictability in the atmosphere.
		Description: Oceanic Simulation Using OFES We carry out simulation researches using OFES (OGCM for the Earth Simulator) to study the effects of meso-scale phenomena on the ocean general circulation and the material transport.
	gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov /records/Earth_Simulator.html (357 words)

	apcmag.com: Numero uno: Earth Simulator, Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		So when the NEC-built "Earth Simulator" crushed its high flying American rivals to take the number one spot in the Supercomputer Top 500, the good-natured rivalry was tempered with a little patriotism too.
		Director of the Earth Simulator Project, Dr Tetsuya Sato explains: "The primary use of the Earth Simulator (ES) is to predict global climate changes as precisely as possible.
		The increased power of the ES allows the earth to be mapped out in a 10km grid, ten times as precise as previous methods.
	www.apcmag.com /apc/v3.nsf/0/7AF8D30474625DC4CA256D44001A5864 (626 words)

	BlueGene sneaks past Earth Simulator \| The Register
		The Earth Simulator, an NEC supercomputer, is surpassed, at last.
		The margin by which Blue Gene/L overtook the Earth Simulator is small, but the machine is much smaller, and more efficient to run, IBM says.
		Blue Gene/L's footprint is one per cent that of the Earth Simulator, and its power demands are just 3.6 per cent of the NEC supercomputer.
	www.theregister.co.uk /2004/09/29/supercomputer_ibm (459 words)

	Earth Science on the Earth Simulator II - Union [U]
		The simulation results show that the root-mean-square value of the sea surface height variability approaches to the observation one as increasing the resolution.
		Our first attempt was a 50 years spin-up simulation driven by climatological forcing, which turned out to be quite satisfactory in capturing a number of realistic features of the world oceans both in the mean state and eddy activity statistics.
		The ocean model for the earth simulator (OfES) is a global model of the ocean at approximately 11 km resolution in the horizontal and 54 levels in the vertical.
	www.agu.org /meetings/wp04/wp04-sessions/wp04_U22A.html (1732 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Supercomputer smashes world speed record (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Earth Simulator at the Marine Science and Technology Center in Kanagawa, notched up 35.61 teraflops - that is over 35 trillion "floating point" calculations per second.
		The Earth simulator is used to simulate climate change using data collected by Earth-monitoring satellites.
		The NEC spokesman said the Earth Simulator's performance was achieved due to the use of very specialised processors.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn2184 (374 words)

	Japan, Inc.: Heavy weather: from the cutting edge of computing, the Earth Simulator is taking scientists to new ...
		Conventional simulators have a resolution of 100 km at most, but the Earth Simulator tightens the mesh to 10 km, providing an unprecedented level of detail.
		Takahashi is doing unprecedented weather simulations with a "coupled" ocean-atmosphere model that incorporates the creation and depletion of sea ice to understand the mechanisms of climate change and what role the periodic El Nino effect plays in the process.
		The 3D simulation, depicted as a multicolored wave rippling westward across the archipelago to Kyushu and Osaka, matches observations well, and the machine allowed for new movement detail in specific terrain such as sedimentary basins.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0NTN/is_49/ai_110807933 (1560 words)

	Earth Simulator System
		The ultra high-speed parallel computing system, "Earth Simulator" attained the best computing performance in the world according to the Linpack benchmark test.
		The result of this test of execution performance, 35.61 TFlops (trillion operations per second), was approved and the Earth Simulator was registered as the world' s fastest supercomputer by Dr. Jack J. Dongarra of the University of Tennessee, USA, who announced the world Linpack benchmark test results.
		The Earth Simulator consists of 640 supercomputers that are connected by a high-speed network (data transfer speed; 12.3 GBytes).
	www.thocp.net /hardware/nec_ess.htm (727 words)

	The Earth Simulator - A 40 Tflop/s supercomputing Grand Challenge
		Please note that the Earth Simulator is one of the elements.
		KT: The Earth Simulator is an inter-discipline project, at the centre of Japanese research and with some of the most prestigious organisations involved.
		Applications to Solid Earth sciences; a global dynamic model to describe the entire solid earth as a system; a regional model to describe the crust/mantle activity in the Japanese Archipelago region; a seismic wave tomography; a simulation of earthquake generation processes; and a simulation of material transport in strata.
	www.hoise.com /primeur/00/articles/monthly/CL-PR-07-00-2.html (1580 words)

	Wired News: A Supercomputer to Save Earth? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Running 35.6 trillion calculations per second, the Earth Simulator is the fastest supercomputer in the world, almost five times faster than the next best one and as fast as the top 5 U.S. supercomputers combined.
		For now, the Earth Simulator is being used to track global sea temperatures, rainfall and crustal movement to predict natural disasters over the next few centuries.
		Researchers say a powerful computer like the Earth Simulator could also plot the course of a pandemic like AIDS, calculate the spread of a virus after a bioterrorist attack, speed the discovery of new drugs and save millions in research by simulating the interactions between a chemical and the human body.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,56893,00.html (860 words)

	Australian Computational Earth Systems Simulator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Simulator will consist of integrated software systems for multi-scale, multi-physics simulations of earth systems combined with thematic parallel supercomputer hardware required to simulate the dynamics of the entire earth.
		Examples include quantum leaps in understanding of earth evolution at global, crustal, regional and microscopic scales; new knowledge of the physics of crustal fault systems required to underpin the grand challenge of earthquake prediction; new understanding and predictive capabilities of geological processes such as tectonics and mineralisation.
		Simulations of strongly coupled phenomena: Natural processes are coupled throughout, involving interactions between chemical, hydraulic, thermal and mechanical processes.
	www.quakes.uq.edu.au /ACESS (1024 words)

	Vision Engineer - Earth Simulator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Commissioned in March 2002, the Earth Simulator is the world's fastest supercomputer.
		The Earth Simulator consists of a massive array of parallel vector processors - capable of a sustained performance of 35.86TFLOPS [Linpack].
		With the Earth Simulator, the race to build the fastest supercomputer is just beginning to heat up.
	www.visionengineer.com /comp/earth_simulator.shtml (364 words)

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