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Topic: Earth and Sun and Moon

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Moon phase

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	Sun - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Sun is a main sequence star, with a spectral class of G2, meaning that it is somewhat more massive and hotter than the average star but far smaller than a blue giant star.
		The Sun is a near-perfect sphere, with an oblateness estimated at about 9 millionths (mostly due to the gravitation of Jupiter), which means the polar diameter differs from the equatorial by 10 km at most.
		The Sun's radius is measured from centre to the edges of the photosphere.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Sun (913 words)

	MUSE - Earth-Moon-Sun Dynamics - EMS Concepts
		The sun is blocked (eclipsed) by the Moon, thus the Moon is between the Earth and Sun.
		The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon and casts a shadow on the Moon, thus causing it to appear grey, fl, or red.
		In the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun appears lower in the sky during the winter (is at its lowest noontime angular height on December 21), and higher in the sky during the summer (is at its highest noontime angular height on June 21).
	www.wcer.wisc.edu /ncisla/muse/earth-moon-sun/outcomes/EMSconcepts.html (726 words)

	UNIT PLANNING: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Through this unit, the students will be able to see why they live on the Earth instead of another planet, while learning about two other objects that are very important in their everyday life: the sun and the moon.
		Help the students determine that the light of the sun is too strong for the reflected light of the moon (which is dim) to be seen.
		Position the sun in the center of the open area, facing his classmates, and explain to the students that the sun is the center of our solar system.
	sched.sbu.edu /FACULTY/ncasey/HTMLFiles/earthsun/EarthSunMoon.html (4757 words)

	Earth
		In Roman Mythology, the goddess of the Earth was
		The Earth is 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old, but the oldest known rocks are about 4 billion years old and rocks older than 3 billion years are rare.
		Earth is the only planet on which water can exist in liquid form on the surface (though there may be liquid ethane or methane on Titan's surface and liquid water beneath the surface of Europa).
	seds.lpl.arizona.edu /nineplanets/nineplanets/earth.html (1605 words)

	The Earth, Moon, and Sun in Motion
		Twice each month, the earth, moon, and sun line up, or come into conjunction, once when the moon is between the earth and sun (new moon), and once when the earth is between the moon and sun (full moon).
		When the earth, moon, and sun are in conjunction their forces align.
		The moon's orbit with the earth is eliptical in shape which means that there are times when the moon is closer to the earth than others.
	www.crewdog.net /lobsterpage/tides/em.html (466 words)

	moon: The Earth-Moon System
		In addition to its proximity, the moon is also exceptional in that it is quite massive compared to the earth itself, the ratio of their masses being far larger than the similar ratios of other natural satellites to the planets they orbit (with the exception of Charon and Pluto).
		Because the lunar orbit is elliptical, the distance between the earth and the moon varies periodically as the moon revolves in its orbit.
		The gravitational influence of the moon is chiefly responsible for the
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0859764.html (847 words)

	NASA's Cosmicopia -- Ask Us -- Earth and Moon
		It's Moon's gradient of its gravity that is causing Earth's tides.
		From The Nine Planets, the diameter of the Earth is 12,756 km, and the diameter of the Moon is 3,476 km.
		The Earth and the Moon revolve around the center of mass (CM) of the Earth/Moon system, which in turn is revolving around the CM of the solar system, which in turn is revolving around the CM of the Galaxy...
	helios.gsfc.nasa.gov /qa_earth.html (10674 words)

	6(h). Earth-Sun Geometry
		During the summer solstice the Earth's North Pole is tilted 23.5° towards the sun relative to the circle of illumination.
		During the equinoxes, the axis of the Earth is not tilted toward or away from the sun and the circle of illumination cuts through the poles.
		During the equinox, the equator is the location on the Earth with a sun angle of 90° for solar noon.
	www.physicalgeography.net /fundamentals/6h.html (1627 words)

	The Sun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The sun is a star that, by the gravitational effects of its mass, dominates the planetary system that includes the earth, and we are much closer to it than to any other star.
		The sun furnishes directly or indirectly all of the energy supporting life on earth, because all foods and fuels are derived ultimately from plants using the energy of sunlight.
		Its mean distance from the earth is about one astronomical unit (AU; an AU is defined as the distance a point mass would have to be from the Sun to have a sidereal orbit period equal to the tropical year).
	kosmoi.com /Space/Solar/Sun (627 words)

	ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Astronomy/Solar_System/Earth/Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		NASA's Hubble Looks For Possible Moon Resources (October 27, 2005) — NASA is using the unique capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope for a new class of scientific observations of the Earth's moon.
		Since the moon does not have a breathable atmosphere, minerals, such as ilmenite (titanium and iron oxide), may be critical for a sustained human lunar presence.
		Summer Moon Illusion - An explanation of the illusion that the Moon, low on the horizon, is actually bigger then when seen higher in the sky.
	www.sciencedaily.com /directory/Science/Astronomy/Solar_System/Earth/Moon (1016 words)

	Earth and Moon Viewer
		In addition to the Earth, you can also view the Moon from the Earth, Sun, night side, above named formations on the lunar surface.
		A related document compares the appearance of the Moon at perigee and apogee, including an interactive Perigee and Apogee Calculator.
		The Earth and Moon Viewer would have been enormously more difficult to implement without the help of the software and imagery mentioned in the credits.
	www.fourmilab.ch /earthview (335 words)

	Glencoe Online Science Quiz Chapter
		Earth's orbit is an ellipse - an elongated, closed curve - but the change in distance from the Sun is only an optical illusion.
		Earth's axis is the imaginary vertical line that separates the eastern and western hemispheres.
		Earth's axis is the imaginary horizontal line that separates the northern and southern hemispheres.
	www.glencoe.com /qe/science.php?qi=298 (775 words)

	Earth, Sun & Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It is important to teach first grade students about the Earth, Sun, and Moon, because it allows the students to understand how and why time (days/ years) is measured by humans on earth.
		This list should include but is not limited to: earth is a sphere, earth is a planet, there is life on earth, humans live on earth, and earth is made of rock, air, and water.
		The "sun" stands in the middle and the other child takes his/ her place on the line (orbit).
	sched.sbu.edu /FACULTY/ncasey/HTMLFiles/earthsunmoon/earthsunmoon-RH.html (3596 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Planet Earth dims then brightens
		Earthshine is caused by sunlight reflecting off the Earth and reaching the un-illuminated regions of the Moon's surface.
		The scientists say that the warming effect of the apparent change in the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface in the two decades is greater than the effect of greenhouse gas warming since 1850.
		The data showed a steady decrease in the Earth's albedo from 1984 to 1995, and then a sharp fall between 1995 and 1996.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/3756751.stm (523 words)

	Sun-Earth-Moon: Sizes and Distances -- THE SUN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This difference in the angle that the Sun's rays hit the Moon versus the angle they hit the Earth is very small and this is the reason why this was a particularly difficult measurement for Greek Astronomers to perform.
		It is important to understand that even though Aristarchus' estimate of the distance to the Sun relative to the distance to the Moon was wrong by a factor of 20, his basic method was correct.
		First of all, the Sun is still quite far away, so that the angle measured between the Sun and Moon at first quarter phase is very nearly 90 degrees.
	www.astro.washington.edu /labs/eratosthenes/rung3.html (597 words)

	Sun, Moon and Earth
		Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air called
		The changing shapes of the Moon that can be seen from the Earth are known as _________.
		The phases of the Moon occur because ___________
	school.discovery.com /quizzes30/marylousullivan/SunMoonEarth.html (238 words)

	ISEE (International Sun-Earth Explorer)
		A series of three spacecraft built and operated as a fleet by NASA and ESA (European Space Agency) to study the influence of the Sun on Earth’s space environment and magnetosphere.
		The three spacecraft carried a number of complementary instruments for making measurements of plasmas, energetic particles, waves, and fields and extended the investigations of previous IMP missions.
		ISEE-3 was initially placed into an elliptical halo orbit about the L1 Lagrangian point — the first spacecraft to use such an orbit — 235 Earth-radii out on the sunward side of Earth, where it continuously monitored changes in the near-Earth interplanetary medium.
	daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/I/ISEE.html (299 words)

	Phases of the Moon Demo
		This one is an animation that shows the phases of the Moon with a diagram of the Earth-Moon-Sun system beneath it.
		As the Moon goes through its phases, a red dot on the diagram follows the path of the Moon around the Earth.
		The Sun is to the left of the Earth and Moon.
	www.noao.edu /education/phases/phases_demo.html (210 words)

	MPSC \| Earth, Moon, and Sun
		Earth, Moon, and Sun is not just for school children.
		Use spheres to model the relationships between the Earth, Moon and Sun that cause the familiar phases of the Moon.
		The complete hardcopy version of this project was useful to the author of the Earth, Moon and Sun activity pages.
	www.morehead.unc.edu /Shows/EMS (538 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Sun, Moon and Earth (Wooden Books) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The first systematic observations of the Sun and Moon are shrouded in the mists of prehistory.
		Sun, Moon and Earth by Robin Heath is a short introduction to understanding the relation between the three celestial bodies in the title.
		I found it fascinating how much megalithic astronomers knew about the sun and moon cycles, especially the geometry, but then again, they didn't have much else to do and light pollution was almost non-existent then.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0802713815?v=glance (1342 words)

	Solar System Objects other than Sun or Earth Resources
		Center for Earth and Planetary Studies and its Regional Planetary Image Facility (RPIF) located at the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution are pleased to announce the availability of its WWW server.
		During 1995 and 1996, the rings of Saturn were seen edge-on from the Earth's perspective on three ocassions, and from the Sun's perspective once.
		Its fundamental mission is to promote and coordinate basic research on the understanding of the origin, structure, and evolution of the Earth, the Solar System, and the Universe, and on the prediction of future changes, as they affect human life.
	cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr /astroweb/planetary.html (3722 words)

	A Simple Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		On the right, your local meridian doesn't move, but on the left, you can see it sweeping past the sun and moon.
		As in THExp #3, we've got a "polar" view here on the left, where the observer (you) is high above the north pole of the earth, the sun is far away to the right of the drawing, and provides the large, parallel rays of light that illuminate both the earth and the moon.
		As the earth rotates, the part of the sky the observer can see changes.
	www.csulb.edu /~gpickett/ps112_ems.html (245 words)

	FearOfPhysics.com:Sun, Earth, and Moon in Motion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Earth orbits around the Sun, and the Moon orbits around the Earth.
		The Earth also rotates about an axis as it spins, which you can also see, because the green city appears to rotate.
		So this is your first view of how the Sun, Earth, and Moon move.
	www.fearofphysics.com /SunMoon/sunmoon1.html (99 words)

	Solar Cycle, or Cycle of the Sun · Astrological definition of Solar Cycle, or Cycle of the Sun · ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Solar Cycle, or Cycle of the Sun · Astrological definition of Solar Cycle, or Cycle of the Sun · Astrology Encyclopedia · November 1, 2005, 15:11 GMT
		Correction of Mean to Sidereal Time · Transit · Transit of a planet across the Sun · Transitor · Translation of Light · Transmutation · Trigon · Trigonocrators · Trimorion · Trine · Trinities · Triplicities · Tropical Signs · Tropical Year · True Solar Day · Trutine · Twilight
		For the Moon: A massive, rocky shore resists the pounding of the sea.
	www.astrologyweekly.com /dictionary/solar-cycle-or-cycle-of-the-sun.php (702 words)

	FearOfPhysics.com: Set up for the Sun, Earth, and Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This selection is about the Sun, Moon, and the Earth, and how they move around in space.
		They were generated by a computer simulation of three bodies: one to play the role of the Sun, one to play the role of the Earth, and one for the Moon.
		The green spot on the Earth is supposed to represent a city where you might be located.
	www.fearofphysics.com /SunMoon/sunmoon.html (174 words)

	SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
		This holographic image reveals no large sunspots on the far side of the sun.
		"The sun's rays are then abnormally bent as they pass between the hot and cold layers to form a mock mirage.
		The sun itself splits into layers, some are distorted and even turned upside down--the sun constantly changes and you might even see a piece break away to form a green or blue flash."
	www.spaceweather.com (661 words)

	The Earth/Moon System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The bar is initially set at the slowest forward speed.
		2) In top panel, Moon (dark or light gray, depending on phase) and Sun (yellow) are shown 4x too large.
		As a result, no information regarding partial eclipses should be inferred, but full eclipses ARE shown (yellow star for total solar, yellow ring for annular solar, pink moon for total lunar).
	jove.geol.niu.edu /faculty/stoddard/JAVA/moonphase.html (163 words)

	(#40) Earth, Moon, and Sun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Your students will construct floating-pin compasses and paper-clip quadrants, then use them to track the sun and moon across a graph-paper sky.
		They'll mount this earth on a pop-bottle pedestal, properly tilted toward a tennis-ball sun.
		Add a Ping-Pong ball moon, half wrapped in fl tape to model its phases, and this TOPS learning system is complete: night follows day; the moon waxes and wanes through its monthly cycle; season follows season; year follows year.
	www.topscience.org /earth_moon_sun.htm (272 words)

	Data Services
		Complete Sun and Moon Data for One Day
		Altitude and Azimuth of the Sun or Moon During One Day
		Position of the Sun at Noon for Washington, D.C. Day and Night Across the Earth
	aa.usno.navy.mil /AA/data (235 words)

	Moon Phases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		You must have a Java enabled browser such as Netscape Navigator to be able to see this applet.
		In reality, the Moon's orbit is slightly tilted, so solar eclipses are rare, not every month.
		Try a phase of 0.5001 for a cool view of an eclipse (be sure to use Earth View).
	www.astro.wisc.edu /~dolan/java/MoonPhase.html (75 words)

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