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Topic: Earthquake Management

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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Seismology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and logos = word) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth.
		For example, the Chicxulub impactor, which is believed to have killed the dinosaurs, was localized to Central America by analyzing ejecta in the cretaceous boundary, and then physically proven to exist using seismic maps from oil exploration.
		Using seismic tomography with earthquake waves, the interior of the Earth has been completely mapped to a resolution of several hundred kilometers.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Seismology (398 words)

	Earthquake Insurance: Science and Engineering
		Earthquakes have a much lower annual probability of occurrence, but a much higher probability as a single event of causing a disaster and catastrophic consequences from potentially damaging ground shaking, liquefaction, surface fault rupture, landslides, regional tectonic deformation, aftershocks, and, at coastal locations, tsunami wave run up.
		Earthquake frequency is commonly inferred from average rates of fault slippage, geological dating of prehistoric events, and historical seismicity.
		For earthquake risk mitigation to be successful, the construction industry must improve educational programs for the trades with regards to the impact of construction quality on the earthquake resistance of structures.
	www.wsspc.org /Events/1998_Summit/eqiperspectives4.html (4415 words)

	The GoI-UNDP Project in Jalandhar
		Thus any earthquake striking in one of these cities would turn into a major disaster.It is most important in the medium and long term to formulate strategies to reduce the vulnerability to and losses arising from a possible earthquake striking any of these cities.
		An earthquake caused by a fault that offsets features on the Earth's surface may have an epicenter that does not lie on the trace of that fault on the surface.
		The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs.
	jalandhar.nic.in /html/earthquake_disaster_management.htm (1311 words)

	Urban Information Systems for Earthquake - Resistantcities: A case Study on Pend K, Istanbul
		Earthquakes are one of the oldest enemies of human being.
		Earthquake management can be seperated into some phases; they depend on time that characterize actions taken such as pre-event, during the event and the post- event.
		Earthquake management includes many disciplines, engineering part as well as social part, adminstration as well as planing, what can be done in a period of time can be summarized as before, during and after the earthquake.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /thesis/thesis2/chapt002pf.htm (4760 words)

	Evaluation of parameters controlling Earthquake Management System :An analytical approach using 3S' Technology
		Earthquakes are the most destructive among all the natural hazards.
		Earthquakes are known to occur at frequent intervals causing loss both in terms of economy and human life, the effect of which is not only felt at the local level but also at the national level.
		Still we have not been able to make enough inroads into the areas of their identifications, prevention and control, earthquake can still strike without any warning and there is no way to control them prior to its occurrence, except than some post earthquake rehabilitation measures.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /application/natural_hazards/earthquakes/nheq0011.htm (606 words)

	Earthquake Hazard in Arizona (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Earthquakes relieve some of the stress, but stress commonly builds up again and triggers recurrent fault movement and earthquakes.
		Earthquake hazard is assessed by studying historical earthquakes and mapping and characterizing faults along which movement has occurred in the past 2 million years (the Quaternary Period).
		These early earthquakes were documented only by reports that described the intensity of shaking that was felt and the type of damage that was caused.
	www.azgs.state.az.us /Spring2000.htm (1433 words)

	Earthquake management in Iran
		The earthquake in Bam is one of 130 major earthquakes that have happened in recorded history of Iran.
		Berberian is one of the foremost experts on earthquake studies in Iran and has published numerous articles on the subject, some of which have been highlighted in the bibliography at the end of this document.
		Although during the first 60years the20th century earthquakes damage in economic terms has remained relatively small, with the massive investments of the last four decades in new urban and industrial centers, future earthquakes in Iran are likely to cause serious economic losses.
	www.vojoudi.com /earthquake/management/management_eq_mit_eng.htm (6679 words)

	FEMA For Kids: Disaster Connection - Kids to Kids
		Earthquakes can be felt over large areas although they usually last less than one minute.
		A survivor of the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco said the sensation was like riding a bicycle down a long flight of stairs.
		A magnitude 6.0 earthquake is considered strong and a magnitude 7.0 is a major earthquake.
	www.fema.gov /kids/quake.htm (219 words)

	USGS Earthquake Hazards Program » Other Organizations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The management challenge faced by all coastal communities is to balance the competing needs of citizens, government, industry, and the environment.
		CREW - Cascadia Region Earthquake Workgroup - A coalition of private and public representatives working together to improve the ability of Cascadia Region communities to reduce the effects of earthquake events.
		Mid-America Earthquake Center - The Center is a result of the research efforts carried out for the Education Program of the Mid-America Earthquake Center (MAE Center).
	earthquake.usgs.gov /resources/other.php (1298 words)

	Earthquake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Emergency Management Office (EMO) has plans in place to respond effectively, enabling prompt recovery of essential community services, and facilitate the return of the community to its normal living standards.
		The biggest hazard is a major earthquake on the Wellington fault which runs from Cook Strait, through the Karori Reservoir, Thorndon, along the northwest side of the harbour and the west side of the Hutt Valley.
		In 1855 an earthquake of Richter scale magnitude 8.1 was felt in the Wellington and Wairarapa region - buildings were damaged and the shoreline rose 6 metres.
	www.huttcity.govt.nz /council/services/emo/earthquake.html (719 words)

	GIS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT - SUMATRA FOLLOW UP
		Whenever an earthquake exceeding a defined magnitude is detected, a tsunami alert is called for, and from the known location of the earthquake the closest tide gauges are being monitored for sea level changes.
		Swedish authorities don't even have a strategy for earthquake hazard and at this very moment it is to be feared that between 1 000 and 2 000 Swedish citizens have been killed by the Sumatra tsunami (though the Swedish government have given out several confusing figures of the number of fatalities and missing persons).
		The Impact phase (I) California is the good example of earthquake management and several GIS applications are developed, among which local shake maps available via USGS is one tool for assessing the impact (in terms of damage) that an earthquake may exert on the vicinity.
	jarlspantry.com /GIS/DM_GIS.htm (4791 words)

	September 1999 Observer, Part 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The EMI mission is to accelerate earthquake preparedness, mitigation, and recovery among large urban areas by improving the transfer of earthquake mitigation technology to end users.
		The EDM states that its main purpose is to produce "frontier research on earthquake disaster mitigation for urban regions." Research topics will be selected with the aim of bridging the gap between fundamental research by universities and practice-oriented research by disaster management agencies.
		It is designed to provide a broad understanding of the elements of disaster management and to improve disaster management skills among individuals, at national and local levels, responsible for dealing with and formulating policies and programs concerning emergencies and disasters.
	www.colorado.edu /ibs/hazards/o/septo99/septo99c.htm (4382 words)

	Kentucky: Division of Emergency Management - Information
		Acquaint you with Earthquake Risk faced by the citizens of the Commonwealth.
		Provide you with information about past earthquakes, with information about how you can prepare for an earthquake, as well as other types of disasters, and provide you with some resources if you want to learn more about earthquakes in and around Kentucky.
		After a major earthquake, thereâs a good chance that traditional emergency response teams will be too busy to take care of you and your family.
	kyem.ky.gov /programs/Earthquake (2044 words)

	International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology - Center of Excellence on Risk & Disaster ...
		The Manjil-Rudbar Earthquake (1990) and Bam Earthquake (2003) are two important events in the country which have left large casualties in less than two decades.
		The aim of establishing this department is conducting research on various aspects of earthquake risk management including prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.
		Along with the main goal, issues such as urban planning, social-cultural and economic effects of earthquakes and also disaster management issues including search, rescue, emergency medical relief etc. are considered and will be studied as well as earthquake engineering subjects.
	www.iiees.ac.ir /English/Disaster/eng_disaster.html (325 words)

	2004 National Earthquake Conference - Experienced Leaders & Professionals Panel
		Groat is a distinguished professional in the earth science community with over 25 years of direct involvement in geological studies, energy and minerals resource assessment, ground-water occurrence and protection, geomorphic processes and landform evolution in desert areas, and coastal studies.
		He is the present Chair of the Congressional Scientific Earthquake Studies Advisory Committee, which oversees all earthquake programs for the USGS and their interfaces with other agencies.
		She is a Professor of Sociology in the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice and the former Director of the Disaster Research Center at the University of Delaware.
	www.earthquakeconference.org /experts.html (1327 words)

	Oregon Emergency Management Earthquake & Tsunami Awareness
		April is the month when Oregon focuses attention on "Drop, Cover and Hold" drills for earthquake safety and evacuation drills for areas subjected to tsunami risk.
		Oregon Emergency Management invites voluntary and required participants to share their planned drills and related community events on our web site.
		If you are indoors when an earthquake strikes, stay there.
	www.oregon.gov /OOHS/OEM/archive/earth_tsunami_aware.shtml (289 words)

	Great Tangshan Earthquake: UN Global Programme and UNEPPA Study of a Case of Practical Integration of Disaster Science ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This national policy statement encouraged counties to intensify efforts in disaster preparedness, detection of earthquake precursors, public education and the strengthening of earthquake disaster management offices.
		Five hours after the earthquake, Qinglong County dispatched the first medical team to the disaster zone, and within a very short time, sent relief teams to Tangshan to help with rescue work and transport of the wounded.
		When the magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck, he was able to dress quickly, awaken his relatives and flee from the house.
	www.globalwatch.org /ungp/qinglong.htm (1393 words)

	Earthquake Management Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Earthquake and Tsunami news and information about resources, aid...
		Asia earthquake: 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
		earthquake in the country; these conclusions were more pertinent and related to own environment.
	travel.sharpad.info /earthquake-management-asia.html (71 words)

	Wiley::Earthquake Protection, Second Edition
		Furthermore, major earthquake disasters, such as the 1994 Northridge earthquake in California, the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan and the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake in Turkey have occurred.
		The 1990s were in fact the costliest decade on record in terms of disaster management due to such seismic events, placing unprecedented pressure on the insurance industry in particular, and changing its view of earthquake protection.
		This valuable book provides essential reading for earthquake and structural engineers and geoscientists, as well as insurers and loss prevention specialists, risk managers and assessors involved in managing earthquake risk, urban and regional planners, and emergency management agencies.
	eu.wiley.com /WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470849231.html (378 words)

	The Civil Engineering Portal - Earthquake Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology is a department of the University "St. Cyril and Methodius" in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
		The Centre was created with the objective of promoting high quality research, technology development, and education in all areas of earthquake engineering, with a particular emphasis on the structural and geotechnical aspects.
		Assessment of Earthquake Engineering Research and Testing Capabilities in U. Recommendations to improve the earthquake engineering research and testing capability in the United States as it enters the twenty-first century.
	www.icivilengineer.com /Earthquake_Engineering (498 words)

	UW Emergency Management: Earthquake - What To Do
		The Puget Sound region is seismically active, with hundreds of earthquakes occurring every year.
		Most of these earthquakes are so small they can only be detected by sensitive instruments.
		The danger and risks of earthquakes can be reduced if people know what actions to take before, during and after an earthquake.
	www.washington.edu /admin/business/oem/hazards/earthquake.html (502 words)

	EW Earthquake Risk Mitigation Plan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Environment Waikato’s Earthquake Risk Mitigation Plan defines the role and future direction of Environment Waikato, territorial authorities, utility providers, iwi and the community in managing the effects of earthquakes in the Waikato Region.
		The Plan outlines the methods that will be used to reduce the adverse effects of earthquakes and what risk reduction is possible through pre-event planning and action.
		While earthquakes are not considered a major risk in the Waikato Region, there are some specific areas containing active earthquake fault lines which are more likely to experience earthquake activity.
	www.ew.govt.nz /policyandplans/riskplan/riskearthquake.htm (319 words)

	Earthquake Management Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The research group presented this study after having examined the management of recent earthquake in the country; these conclusions were more pertinent and related to own environment.
		In December 2004, a major earthquake followed by a tsunami hit Asia and Africa, devastating many coastal areas.
		Program Management: 21.4 million *$656 million was approved for the Tsunami Recovery...
	travel.sysclever.info /earthquake-management-asia.html (199 words)

	Greater Wellington - Earthquake hazard maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Greater Wellington's combined earthquake hazard maps bring together the separate components of earthquake risk (such as ground shaking, active faulting, slope failure, liquefaction, and tsunami potential) into single maps for Wellington, Porirua, Hutt Valley and Kapiti.
		The purpose of these maps is to provide better information about the risks from a major earthquake and help find ways in which these risks can be reduced.
		The maps will be of particular interest to emergency management professionals, local authorities, planners, engineers, and insurance companies.
	www.gw.govt.nz /story4258.cfm (179 words)

	USGS Earthquake Hazards Program » Additional Resources
		Earthquake bibliographies, General Interest publications, plate tectonics, and tsunami publications.
		Earthquake maps, fault maps, siesmic hazard maps, and site response maps, both online and print.
		Longer and more detailed publications about a variety of earthquake topics, specific earthquakes, and current research.
	earthquake.usgs.gov /resources (1364 words)

	Urban Earthquake risk Management Strategies for Former Soviet Central Repuplics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The earthquake measured a moment magnitude of 6.8, and occurred 32 kilometers from Armenia's second largest city, Leninakan, and within 9 kilometers of the city of Spitak.
		There is a high probability that a severe earthquake will occur near the capital of one or more of the Central Asian Republics within the next 20 years, with consequences as devastating as or worse than those witnessed in Leninakan, Armenia in 1988.
		This means that a severe earthquake near a capital would cause, in addition to the deaths and injuries already mentioned, tremendous physical destruction of the city, with consequent inconvenience and economic disruption.
	pangea.stanford.edu /~tucker/central2.htm (1093 words)

	Quito, Ecuador Earthquake Risk Management Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the earthquake hazard assessment, a group of seismologists, geologists, soils engineers, structural engineers, and city planners from Ecuador, France, Japan, and the United States developed and assembled the technical data.
		They analyzed Ecuador's tectonics and earthquake history and determined the magnitudes and locations of three plausible future earthquake events; calculated distribution of ground shaking intensities; and, using a structural inventory and damage matrices developed for the city, estimated distribution of damage.
		It was vividly written using a non-technical vernacular to raise public awareness of the earthquake threat and motivate government, business, and community leaders to develop mitigation projects.
	pangea.stanford.edu /~tucker/qrisk*.html (258 words)

	Earthquake Management Using GIS Links
		Application of GIS for regional earthquake loss estimation.
		Johnson, Laurie A. Earthquake Loss Modeling Applications for Disaster Management: Lessons from the 1999 Turkey, Greece, and Taiwan Earthquakes.
		Presented at the EuroConference on Global Change and Catastrophe Risk Management: Earthquake Risks in Europe, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
	uregina.ca /~piwowarj/Links/EarthquakesGIS.htm (135 words)

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