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Topic: Earthquake lights

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	FarShores News story: Scientists hope to duplicate earthquake lights in lab
		The first photographs of earthquake lights during the Matsushiro "earthquake swarm" in Japan between 1965 and 1967, collected and published by Japanese researcher Yutaka Yasui during a period when thousands of seismic events were being recorded each day.
		Floating lights seen on the sacred mountain of Wu T'ai Shan in China, interpreted by Buddhists as a manifestation of a saint.
		Earthquake lights are much more pronounced near the far more dangerous thrust faults, such as those that occur in Alaska -- where 51 percent of all U.S. quakes occur -- and in Japan.
	www.100megsfree4.com /farshores/nqlights.htm (1380 words)

	Earthquake - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Events that occur at plate boundaries are called interplate earthquakes; the less frequent events that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates are called intraplate earthquakes.
		Earthquake effects are described in terms of intensity, a scale which attempts to quantify the severity of shaking at a given location.
		Earthquakes such as these, that are caused by human activity, are referred to by the term induced seismicity.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Earthquake (1045 words)

	Tangshan earthquake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The epicentre of the earthquake was near the industrial city of Tangshan in Hebei, China, which housed around one million inhabitants.
		Due to uncertainties over the number of dead in each case it is not clear whether the tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake caused a greater loss of life than the Tangshan earthquake: the confirmed death toll from the tsunami ranges from 228,000 to 288,000.
		The earthquake came as an event in the continuous "Curse of 1976" in China: it was preceded by the deaths of Zhou Enlai and Zhu De in earlier months and followed two months later by the death of Mao Zedong and the Gang of Four trying to grab power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tangshan_earthquake (1007 words)

	Encyclopedia: Earthquake (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Earthquakes typically result from the movement of faults, planar zones of deformation within the Earth's upper crust.
		Earthquakes occur where the stress resulting from the differential motion of these plates exceeds the strength of the crust.
		Earthquakes also occur in volcanic regions and as the result of a number of anthropogenic sources, such as reservoir induced seismicity, mining and the removal or injection of fluids into the crust.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Earthquake (743 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Earthquake (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Most large earthquakes are accompanied by other, smaller ones, that can occur either before or after the principal quake — these are known as foreshocks or aftershocks, respectively.
		Most earthquakes are powered by the release of the stresses that accumulate over time, typically, at the boundaries of the plates that make up the Earth's lithosphere.
		Some earthquakes are also caused by the movement of magma in volcanoes, and such quakes can be an early warning of volcanic eruptions.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Earthquake (1389 words)

	November 29, 1975 Kalapana Earthquake
		During and immediately after the main shock, 'earthquake lights' of white to bluish flashes or glows lasting several seconds were reported by a number of observers.
		Earthquake lights are associated with major earthquakes and have been observed in Japan and California.
		The earthquake was closely followed by a tsunami that reached as much as 14.6 m in wave height and caused the death of two campers.
	hvo.wr.usgs.gov /earthquakes/destruct/1975Nov29 (379 words)

	Earthquake lights: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Earthquake lights are lights in the sky that are associated with a severe earthquake (Shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity).
		Records of earthquakes that were accompanied by sky lights can be found in 373 BC in ancient Greek (A native or inhabitant of Greece) writings, that "immense columns of flame" foretold the earthquake that destroyed the cities of Helike (additional info and facts about Helike) and Bura (A Chadic language spoken south of Lake Chad).
		Separation of positive hole charge carriers that turn rocks momentarily into p-type semiconductor (A substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities) s
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/E/Ea/Earthquake_lights.htm (351 words)

	Lightworks - Seeing The Lights (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Some of the lights were visible for an hour or more, slowly floating back and forth in front of mountain precipices, sometimes touching down lightly on rocky ridges where they became transparent, then floating upwards again when they assumed more brilliance.
		Earthquake lights can sometimes appear just before, during or after a major earthquake, but it seems earth lights can appear with just relatively minor stressing of the Earth's crust.
		In one village, the lights are fairly frequently seen coming down the valley and are interpreted as being the spirits of night-flying witches.
	www.lightworks.com /MonthlyAspectarian/1996/November/15-1196.html (2150 words)

	gurdon15
		These lights have led to the phrase 'being pixie-led', and 'fairy lights', as it was often believed that they were mischievous fairies or pixies.
		Earthquake lights were included in the synonyms for earth lights, but deserve their own explanation for reasons that shall become apparent.
		Earthquake lights are lights that are observed during earthquakes near the faults involved.
	www.astronomycafe.net /weird/lights/gurdon15.htm (2976 words)

	International Earthlight Alliance: Earthlight Theories
		Sometimes mirages reflect light from over the horizon; a light that appears to be up in the air can actually be a distant car headlight from a road on the other side of a mountain.
		Often more puzzling, are aircraft with landing lights on, flying on departure or approaches to airports when their altitude is too high for the wingtip red and green strobes to be observed.
		The lights seem to disappear when the airplanes turn to the nex t leg of the approach and the landing light beam is no longer in the direction of the observer.
	www.earthlights.org /theories.html (2221 words)

	The Paulding Light, Watersmeet, MI
		One myth explains the lights as the ghost of a railroad brakeman, while other say it is the ghost of an Indian dancing on the power lines.
		The light is usually the size of a weather balloon, appearing on the northwest horizon and seeming to move toward the northeast.
		The lights reappeared, the large headlight and the smaller one beneath it beaming down the middle of the road.
	www.backwoodswisconsin.com /paulding_light.htm (1228 words)

	What's behind those Lights in the Sky
		Ball lighting, electromagnetic discharge from tectonic stresses (earthquake lights) are some that come to mind.
		Since the light made a closer pass this time he was able to provide interesting details on the manner in which it disappeared.
		He estimated the ellipse or light to be about 6 metres (20ft) in diameter, and about 150 metres (500ft) away at its closest approach.
	www.ufobc.ca /yukon/behindlights.htm (705 words)

	Marfa Lights
		The blinking and disappearing of the lights are caused by cars traveling over twists and dips in the highway momentarily pointing their headlights at, or sweeping their headlights past, the Marfa Lights viewing area 25 miles away.
		Lights appear in the sky and low on the ground in all directions, and there have been many close up eyewitness encounters including some lights following cars, light aircraft, and even military aircraft.
		Marfa lights may appear on the ground at close range to observers and move rapidly beyond speeds of which reflected cars or trains at this distance are capable.
	www.earthlights.org /marfa_lights.html (1316 words)

	[No title]
		One seismologist reported that the lights at the centre of the earthquake were bright enough to turn night into day.
		Even up to 320 kilometres from the epicenter of the quake, the lights were bright enough to wake people up, thinking their room lights had been turned on.
		Researcher Paul Devereux's theory that earth lights represent an unfamiliar, but terrestrial form of electromagnetic energy has played a prominent role in at least one controversial study that suggests energy given off by the lights could spark changes in the brain that might lead some individuals to imagine they've had an encounter with a UFO.
	www.textfiles.com /ufo/UFOBBS/3000/3295.ufo (1186 words)

	Earthquakes and Earthquake Engneering-Science Tracer Bullet-Science Reference Services-Library of Congress)
		An earthquake is a shaking of the ground resulting from a disturbance in the earth's interior.
		Seismology is the study of earthquakes and of the origin, propagation, and energy of seismic phenomena, the prediction of these phenomena, and the investigation of the structure of the earth's interior by measuring and analyzing natural or artificially generated seismic signals.
		Earthquake engineering or engineering seismology includes the study of the behavior of foundations and structures, and of the materials used in their construction in response to earthquakes, as well as techniques that would lessen the effect of earthquakes on such structures.
	www.loc.gov /rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/earthquakestb.html (2180 words)

	What are earthquake lights? Are they real? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It wasn't until the phenomenon was captured in photographs, taken during the Matsushiro earthquake swarm in Japan between 1965 and 1967, that the seismological community acknowledged their occurrence.
		Observations of earthquake lights during the 1995 M6.9 Kobe, Japan earthquake were documented in the fourth of the references below.
		There were 23 sightings within 50 km of the epicenter of a white, blue, or orange light all with an upper height of 200 meters and a linear dimension of 1 to 8 km.
	interactive2.usgs.gov /faq/list_faq_by_category/get_answer.asp?id=204 (504 words)

	Ley Lines - Earthlights (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethnology reveals that earth lights have been seen and absorbed into their magical worldview by many ancient cultures and are/were usually interpreted as various kinds of spirits or shamans flying at night.
		Light phenomena have been associated with many "holy" mountains and hills world-wide, and temples have even been built dedicated to the lights in India, China and the Alps.
		The nature of the light energy is not known, but it seems to have electromagnetic aspects.
	www.leyhunter.com /begin/be13.htm (355 words)

	Earth Lights - Earthquake Lights - Ontario's Ghost Road
		Laboratory experiments have shown that this effect can produce light emissions, but they are, at least in the laboratory, of much shorter duration than reported earthquake lights.
		Some researchers theorize that earthquake lights are produced by seismic stresses that may generate high voltages that create small masses of ionized gas, which are then released into the air near the fault line.
		Another theory is that the pressure generated during earthquakes may cause water molecules to separate into atoms of hydrogen and oxygen, then quickly recombine back to water.
	www.geocities.com /sweetspirit_2002/earth.html (592 words)

	Earthquake Lights, Alaska Science Forum
		Not only is it certain that earthquakes can cause lights in the sky; it seems possible that the lights sometimes occur before earthquakes and so serve as warning precursors.
		Earthquake lights have been described as looking like auroral streamers diverging from a point on the horizon.
		The lights seem to show up best during the time of the main shock of an earthquake and also before and after.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF0/083.html (327 words)

	Re: Open Memo To Messrs. Filer & Warren - Erkmen (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Earthquakes occur around the world almost daily and >seldom are Earthquake lights seen and then they are seldom >observed above a hundred feet in altitude and only for very >short periods of time.
		Generally the lights are associated with >tremors, are sighted near bodies of water, frequently there are >minerals and mines in the area, the lights generally issue in >one direction, and are often accompanied by gaseous material.
		A lot of lights (ref 6 in the map, blue points=3DALP) (same type) were seen (ref4), then big earthquake came and 25,000 people were killed (Izmit earthquake) and the same group insisted they were aliens.
	www.virtuallystrange.net /ufo/updates/2002/feb/m22-018.shtml (1174 words)

	Massive Underground Phenomena Reported In Northern Chile
		In the area where the light appeared, throughout the sky, he claimed that there were smaller and less bright colorful lights, as well as a red light in the center of them.
		She also thought initially that it was lightning; however, she later realized that the light was just too strong, and that she never had seen lightning that illuminates the entire sky in such a widespread area.
		According to Enriquez, these lights could be a manifestation of some sort of earthquake prediction revealed by the atmosphere.
	www.rense.com /general20/massi.htm (2104 words)

	Whitley Strieber's Unknown Country
		The first photographs of earthquake lights were taken during the Matsushiro “earthquake swarm” in Japan between 1965 and 1967, when thousands of seismic events were being recorded each day.
		Because some earthquake lights occur hours and even weeks before the quakes themselves, research into them means that someday we may be able to use them to predict earthquakes.
		Earthquake lights are much more pronounced near the far more dangerous thrust faults, such as those that occur in Alaska, where 51 percent of all U.S. quakes occur, and in Japan.
	www.unknowncountry.com /news/?id=1198 (728 words)

	The Earth's Anomalous Lightforms
		Earth Lights — balls of light that appear to issue directly from the earth, and often appear repeatedly in specific locations.
		Earthquake Lights — startling lightforms associated with earthquakes, acknowledged by science since a series of famous photographs taken of the Matsushiro earthquake between 1965 and 1967.
		Earthquake lights are also covered, along with some other rare phenomena such as foxfire, St. Elmo's Fire, and so on, but these are really sidelines to the main theme.
	inamidst.com /lights (467 words)

	Earthquake Lights (EQLs)
		Callisthenes (not Thucydides as is commonly reported), who wrote of an earthquake of 373 BC that "[a]mong the many prodigies by which the destruction of the two cities, Helice and Buris, was foretold, especially notable were both the immense columns of fire and the Delos earthquake"
		Lights were often seen before and after the 1995 earthquake in Kobe, Japan.
		TUVPO's aim was to investigate the possiblity of using earthquake lights to predict upcoming earthquakes, hence (perhaps indirectly) providing an early warning mechanism.
	inamidst.com /lights/earthquake (848 words)

	Lights in the Sky (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I thought about Earthquake lights, but there are no significant fault lines oriented north-south through that section of the state.
		The light did look different when it was approaching directly, and at that point we may have been looking into the landing light itself.
		The light was directly over the center of the lake, which seems to rule out an anti-collision beacon on a tower (those blink anyway).
	home.comcast.net /~cessna27/lights_in_the_sky.htm (4629 words)

	Earthquake Lights And Crustal Deformation
		Hedervari supports the hypothesis that some earthquake lights, particularly those preceding strong regional quakes, are caused by the release and ignition of gases from the stressed rocks.
		Prequake lights are regional in character corresponding to the widespread flexing of the strata.
		In essense, Hedervari is saying that earthquake lights often do not occur where rock stresses are greatest and that the piezoelectric effect may not be the whole story.
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf016/sf016p12.htm (183 words)

	EXIT LIGHTS - The Exit Store
		For this kind of emergency lighting, you may want to look into the most effective, most efficient designed lights.
		First things first: although much of the movement in exit lights is toward low-energy, cool-burning LEDs, the emergency lights themselves still come in traditional form.
		Our lights are injection-molded V-O flame retardant models that come with their own push-button power test for easy checking.
	www.theexitstore.com /exit-lights.html (274 words)

	UFOs Predicted Earthquake In Chile? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Further details about the earthquake can be found at the USGS website: http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/bulletin/020228062539.html The earthquake was felt in the areas of Chuquicamata, Maria Elena, and Calama, where two children died as a result of a landslide.
		The purpose was to gather and present scientific evidence to prove that these so-called earthquake lights are not UFOs, but rather natural atmospheric phenomena that can indeed be utilized as a mean to help predict earthquakes, and therefore, reduce the death toll during these catastrophic events.
		According to Freedman Freund, a physicist and professor at San Jose State University, in California, the ALPs or earthquake lights are caused by positive electrical charges generated by as the Earth's crust when it is subject to massive stresses along the faults.
	www.virtuallystrange.net /ufo/updates/2002/mar/m05-015.shtml (986 words)

	IEEE Spectrum: Earthquake Alarm
		Both the lights and the radio waves appear to be electromagnetic disturbances that happen when crystalline rocks are deformed—or even broken—by the slow grinding of the earth that occurs just before the dramatic slip that is an earthquake.
		Earthquake forecasters can also watch for changes in the ionosphere by monitoring very-low-frequency (3- to 30-kilohertz) and high-frequency (3- to 30-megahertz) radio transmissions.
		The connection between large earthquakes and electromagnetic phenomena in the ground and in the ionosphere is becoming increasingly solid.
	www.spectrum.ieee.org /print/2367 (3251 words)

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