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Topic: East Caucasian Tur

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	West Caucasian tur, Kuban tur
		The west Caucasian tur is a large, heavy-set goat, with measurements quite similar to the Siberian ibex, C.
		West Caucasian tur are seasonal breeders, and with the rut extending from November to early January.
		Due to heavy snowfalls in the region, west Caucasian tur become confined to much smaller areas; their movement is noticeably hindered in snow over 40 cm deep, and they are thus more vulnerable to predators and exhaustion.
	www.ultimateungulate.com /Artiodactyla/Capra_caucasica.html (2932 words)

	East Caucasian Tur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The East Caucasian Tur (Capra cylindricornis) is a mountain dwelling goat antelope found only in the eastern half of the Caucasus Mountains.
		East Caucasian Turs live in rough mountainous terrain between 800 and 4000 metres above sea level where they eat mainly grasses and leaves and are preyed upon by wolves and lynxes.
		Young tur are extremely agile, being able to scamper about steep slopes after only a day of life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/East_Caucasian_Tur (364 words)

	Hunting Asiatic Black Bears in Russia
		The Asiatic Black Bear has a wide distribution range spanning from the east to the west of the Asian continent.
		This bear can be found in the forests of hilly and mountainous areas in East Asia and South Asia, including southern
		In Russia the Asiatic fl bear shares its habitat with the larger and stronger brown bear.
	www.russianhunting.com /asiatic-black-bear-hunting-in-russia (234 words)

	Ecosystem Profile: Caucasus
		The East Caucasian tur and the West Caucasian tur are among the 18 mammals identified in this hotspot.
		Turs are found in the Greater Caucasus Range, dwelling mainly in the high mountains and sometimes descending into the rocky gorges of the forest belt.
		Tur populations, hunted for their horns and meat, have declined in recent years and there are fewer than 200 Caucasian chamois in the Lesser Caucasus Range.
	www.cepf.net /xp/cepf/where_we_work/caucasus/full_strategy.xml (17370 words)

	Hunting TROPHY \| MID-CAUCASIAN TUR (SEVERTZOV)
		Compared to the true west Caucasian tur (subspecies dinniki), the severtzovi race to the east (but still west of Mt. Elbrus) is described as slightly taller, standing 38-43 inches (97-109 cm) at the shoulder.
		The caucasica race from Mt. Elbrus eastward to Mt. Dykhtau was originally described as a hybrid between severtzovi and the east Caucasian tur (cylindricornis).
		Boundaries with the west Caucasian tur are unclear.
	www.trophyhunt.ru /eng/hunting-tours/Mid-Caucasian-Tur.php (304 words)

	Comparative Placentation
		The East Caucasian Tur has more cylindrical horns with prominent ridges and they are sloped to the back.
		East Caucasian Tur: Gestational length is 150-160 days, singletons, rarely twins.
		Tur cotyledon with edematous endometrium that detaches the myometrium.
	medicine.ucsd.edu /cpa/alpine.html (3258 words)

	LONG-TERM VISION ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE IN THE CAUCASUS ECOREGION (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In order to delineate the Ecoregion’s borders two main criteria were used by the specialists from the Caucasian countries: (1) traditional geographical interpretation of the Caucasus as isthmus between the Black and Caspian seas coincided with corresponding catchment area and (2) bio-geographical criteria.
		Mean annual rainfall in the southwestern part of the region is quite high, exceeding 4000 mm in the coastal area of the Black Sea; in the southeastern part of the Caspian coast, it rarely exceeds 150 mm.
		Tur populations have declined significantly in recent years, and the animal is now included in the IUCN Red List.
	www.acnet.ge /natural_resources/4.htm (2535 words)

	[No title]
		Tur occidental, Westkaukasischer Tur, Bouquetin du Caucase occidental)
		Caucasian chamois, mid-eastern red deer and the occasional wolf may also be seen, but bear and red deer seasons are not open on early hunts.
		(Tur oriental, Ostkaukasischer Tur, Tur du Caucase oriental).
	www.caucasianturhunt.com (913 words)

	Capra (genus) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The genus Capra is a genus of mammals consisting of nine species, including the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat.
		The animal commonly known as the domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a domesticated subspecies of the Wild Goat.
		[1] Goats are also used to clear brush including poison oak in the hills on the east side of the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California as a fire mitigation measure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Capra_(genus) (1238 words)

	8. Tusheti upland landscapes
		Birds native to the Caucasus are Caucasian snowcock, Caucasian fl grouse, and Caucasian chiffchaff.
		Important attractions of the region are East Caucasian tur and bezoar goat.
		Interesting reptiles are endemic Caucasian and Daghestan lizards, a west Caucasian subspecies of slow worm, and Lotiev’ s adder.
	www.birding-georgia.com /tusheti.php (411 words)

	Hunting TROPHY \| EAST CAUCASIAN TUR
		Tur oriental (Sp), Ostkaukasischer Tur (G), Tur du Caucase oriental (F).
		The coat is uniformly reddish-brown in summer, with underparts whitish and the tail, breast and lower legs darker.
		It is hunted in steep, high mountains where good physical condition is a must, long shots may be required, and even an average trophy is something to be proud of.
	www.trophyhunt.ru /eng/hunting-tours/East-Caucasian-Tur.php (358 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: )
		About 6 species (Caucasian and Volnuchin's shrews, Caucasian snow vole, alpine chamois, wild goat, east caucasian tur) live on the borders of the forests and mountain meadows.
		Volnuchin's shrew, Geoffroy's bat, Persian squirrel, Caucasian pine vole, brown bear, pine marten, forest cat, alpine chamois, and red deer are specific for mountain forests.
		Caucasian and European snow voles, alpine chamois, wild goat, tur, and mouflon are indicators for mountain grasslands.
	azerimammals.aznet.org /azerimammals/Landscape_Complex.htm (702 words)

	7. Lagodekhi Nature Reserve
		This is an isolated plot of the west– Caucasian type humid mountain landscape in the eastern Caucasus.
		Important attractions are indigenous East Caucasian tur as well as chamois, red deer, and brown bear, which can be watched near and above the timberline.
		The area is covered by mostly deciduous forest with beach, ash, and chestnut, the understory is represented largely by cherry laurel, butcher’ s broom, and holy.
	www.birding-georgia.com /lagodekhi.php (566 words)

	Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists (MW)
		The wild goat population inhabits the mountain forests on a steep and rocky slopes and shares this inhabitation with East-Caucasian tur.
		The twins are common and fertility is noticeably higher than in an other conspecific populations and in the sympatric tur population.
		Dagestan wild goat population is in the close and constant neighborhood with a man and undergoes the strong anthropogenic pressure shaped the biology of this local population.
	herba.msu.ru /russian/journals/bmsn/104/1999_4_res.html (1403 words)

	The Pan Historian: Animalia Edition June 2005
		The genus Capra consists of nine species, which are found in the commonly known groupings of the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat.
		The tur is considered a type of ibex.
		It is a ruminant with hollow horns and coarse hair, and it developed in Asia and the Middle East.
	www.panhistoria.com /www/panhistorian/capridchronicles.html (1038 words)

	SYS: Vis vildtart :: Diana Jagtrejser
		It is an open question whether the East Caucasian and the West Caucasian Tur are actually individual species (as treated here) or one is a subspecies of the other.
		In the area of overlapping of distribution there has been interbreeding between the two (Central Caucasian Tur).
		Central and eastern chain of the Caucasian mountains.
	www.diana.dk /page/69?vildtartno=267 (133 words)

	Pictures of the West Caucasian tur\|Capra caucasica facts
		, 1997) Conservation Status The west Caucasian tur is classified as endangered by the IUCN (1996).
		Geographic Range West Caucasian turs are native only to the western Caucasus Mountains in Georgia and south-western Russia ("Protected Areas Program" 2001).
		West Caucasian turs are an endangered species native to the mountains of Russia.
	www.thewebsiteofeverything.com /animals/mammals/Artiodactyla/Bovidae/Capra/Capra-caucasica.html (138 words)

	Caucasian - Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development
		Caucasian Mountain Dogs Author This information is copyrighted (c) 1995 by the author, Table of Contents * Introduction to The Caucasian Mountain Dog
		Caucasian Rugs - Basic Facts about Caucasian Carpets.
		Caucasian Rugs - Akstafa rugs, Armenian rugs, Avar rugs, Baku-Chila rugs, Borchalo rugs, Cheleberd rugs, Chondoresk rugs, Daghestan rugs, Gendje rugs,
	linkhighway.com /?q=caucasian (448 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Caucasus mixed forests (PA0408)
		Characteristic mammals include the East and West Caucasian tur (Capra cylindricornis and Capra caucasica), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), Caucasian red deer (Cervus elaphus maral), wild goat (Capra aegagrus), mouflon (Ovis orientalis gmelini), brown bear (Ursus arctos), and the critically endangered Caucasus leopard (Panthera pardus ciscaucasica).
		Coniferous forests mainly composed of fir (Abies nordmanniana), spruce (Picea orientalis) — 1500 (1200) — 1800 (2000), and Caucasian pine (from 800-1000).
		Grassland ecosystems occur from forest line to snow cover and glaciers and composed by tall herbaceous vegetation of grass and forbs (1,800- 2200 m), various subalpine (1800-2500 m) and alpine (2500-3000 m) meadows, alternating with thickets of Rhododendron caucasicum (2000-2800) and rock scree vegetation.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0408_full.html (1143 words)

	Mid-Caucasian Tur :: Capra caucasica caucasica (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Mid-Caucasian tur is considered to be found east of Mt. El’brus and west of the Republic of North Osetiya, solely within the Republic of Kabardino-Balkariya.
		This animal is a true naturally-occurring cross between the Dagestan (Eastern) and Kuban (Western) tur.
		The horns of some animals tend to look almost exactly like either the Eastern or Western tur, while most exhibit horn characteristics of both.
	www.wildsheep.org /sheep/international/mid_caucasian_tur.htm (65 words)

	Eastand West Studies
		Whether the Balkans, the Caucasus or the Middle East are concerned, Turkey is the closest country to be part of the western security architecture, and has the second largest military force after the United States within this system.
		While having either political, military or economic relations of significance with practically all conflict areas that have gained attention on the international scene after September 11, 2001 (the Middle East, Central Asia, Afghanistan), Turkey is also poised to become a central actor in the security and transportation of Caspian energy resources westwards.
		Svante Cornell, a graduate of the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, is CCC’s Executive Director, and Editor of the Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst at the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS.
	www.eastweststudies.org /makale_detail.php?tur=100&makale=34 (4846 words)

	Bezoar Ibex :: Capra aegagrus aegagrus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Also, in the eastern Caucasus (where it is said to be rare) and extreme southern Turkmenistan.
		Its range overlaps that of the east Caucasian tur in the Caucasus, although the tur is at higher elevations.
		Boundaries with the Sindh ibex to the east are unclear.
	www.wildsheep.org /sheep/capra/bezoar_ibex.htm (118 words)

	Pictures of the East Caucasian tur\|Capra cylindricornis facts
		Capra cylindricornis is found at elevations from 1,000 to 4,000 m, in forest, and alpine areas.
		Conservation Status The east Caucasian tur is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN (1996).
		(Zeitschriftenverlag, 2002) Ecosystem Roles East Caucasian turs are herbivores that change the floral composition and diminish productivity of their feeding areas.
	www.thewebsiteofeverything.com /animals/mammals/Artiodactyla/Bovidae/Capra/Capra-cylindricornis.html (98 words)

	WWF - Species found in the Caucasus region (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Other large mammal flagships include the east Caucasian tur (Capra cylindricornis) and the west Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica), two members of the goat family that are endemic to this region.
		They are found in the eastern and western portions of the Great Caucasus Range, dwelling mainly in the high mountains and sometimes descending into the rocky gorges of the forest belt.
		The Caucasian fl grouse occurs all over the high mountains of the Caucasus, while the Caucasian snow cock is found in the Great Caucasus Range.The Caspian snow cock of the Small Caucasus also reaches its most northerly distribution in the Caucasus.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/europe/what_we_do/caucasus/area/caucasus_species/index.cfm (274 words)

	Goat - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		New: Biocrawler.com now with the option to add inline videos.
		A goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat.
		The animal most commonly known as a "goat" is the domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), a domesticated subspecies of the Wild Goat.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Goats (1580 words)

	zooeng1_97p95abs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Abstact—In the East Caucasian Tur, the absolute food consumption in captivity was 900–1500 g of dry weight
		In summer, the average absolute food consumption in adult turs was
		relative food consumption in young turs was three times higher than in adults.
	www.maik.rssi.ru /cgi-bin/search.pl?type=abstract&name=zooeng&number=1&year=97&page=95 (210 words)

	zooeng2_98p363abs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Trophic and Energy Relationships of the East Caucasian Tur
		of the energy received by a tur per day.
		of the population of the east Caucasian tur.
	www.maik.rssi.ru /cgi-bin/search.pl?type=abstract&name=zooeng&number=2&year=98&page=363 (202 words)

	Birdfinders - Birdwatching Holidays - Georgia and Armenia
		From the spectacular Caucasian Mountains, rising to 5642m, and the plains in Georgia, to the 4095m Mount Aragats and vast fishponds in Armenia, we will cover a wide variety of habitats.
		There are likely to be raptor movements at any time but, with the right weather, the numbers could increase to hundreds or even thousands of birds each day.
		Also possible in the area is East Caucasian Tur.
	www.birdfinders.co.uk /tours/georgia-armenia.htm (1328 words)

	Extreme Travel and Adventures. \| HUNTING AND FISHING TOURS \| HUNTING TOURS \| Tours by Game Type \| DAGESTAN TUR HUNT
		Sportive hunt for an EXCELLENT ANIMAL living in picturesque mountains of southern Russia.
		Beautiful mountains leave you unforgettable impressions for the whole life.
		When you finish your Tur hunt you can change the area for plain land and HUNT OTHER GAME: Caucasus Deer, Sika Deer, Roe Deer, Wild Boar, Bison, Chamois, Bear.
	www.rusad.com /index.asp?id=74 (501 words)

	Travel guide - ZOO in Liberec. E-travel.cz - accommodation in hotels and apartments in Prague and the Czech Republic.
		Interesting expositions: Agricultural object, captive breeding centre for birds of prey, exposition of penguins, pavillon of giraffes, pavillon of primates, open enclosure for chimpanzees, pavillon of orangutans, white tiger's enclosure.
		The most important captive breeding success: 6 bald eagles, 4 white-tailed eagles, golden eagle, tawny eagle, fl vulture, 17 red-and-green macaws, 37 wanderoos, 6 chimpanzes, Somali wild asses, 11 Rothschild's giraffes, musk-ox, 35 East Caucasian turs.
		The zoo has contributed considerably to preservation of genofond of Somali wild ass, wanderoo and East Caucasian tur, and organizes constructing of white rhinoceros breeding station.
	guide.travel.cz /480 (356 words)

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