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Topic: East Germanic

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	Germanic Languages
		East Norse is the eastern branch of the North Germanic languages used in Denmark and Sweden and their present and former colonies.
		Lombardic was the East Germanic language of the Germanic speaking people who invaded and settled in Italy in the sixth century C. It is said that Lombardic participated in the so-called second sound shift which is primarily attested in High German.
		West Norse is the western branch of the North Germanic languages used in Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroe Islands.
	softrat.home.mindspring.com /germanic.html (3010 words)

	Verbix -- Germanic. Conjugate verbs in 50+ languages
		The earliest extensive Germanic text is the (incomplete) Gothic Bible, translated about AD 350 by the Visigothic bishop Ulfilas (Wulfila) and written in a 27-letter alphabet of the translator's own design.
		The Germanic languages are related in the sense that they can be shown to be different historical developments of a single earlier parent language.
		In Germanic these were reduced to indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods; a full active voice plus passive found only in Gothic; three persons; full singular and plural forms and dual forms found only in Gothic; and one infinitive (present) and two participles (present and past).
	www.verbix.com /languages/germanic.asp (837 words)

	Germanic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Strong evidence for the unity of all the modern Germanic languages can be found in the phenomenon known as the first Germanic sound shift or consonant shift (also called Grimm’s law), which set the Germanic subfamily apart from the other members of the Indo-European family.
		Also peculiar to the Germanic languages is the recessive accent, whereby the stress usually falls on the first or root syllable of a word, especially a word of Germanic origin.
		Lastly, vocabulary furnished evidence of a common origin for the Germanic languages in that a number of the basic words in these languages are similar in form; however, while word similarity may indicate the same original source for a group of languages, it can also be a sign of borrowing.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/G/Germanic_Languages.html (805 words)

	East Germanic tribes - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Germanic tribes referred to as East Germanic constitute a wave of migrants who moved from Scandinavia into the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers between 600 - 300 BC.
		The East Germanic languages are contrasted with North and West Germanic.
		However, the East Germanic languages shared many characteristics with North Germanic, perhaps because of the later migration date.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/East_Germanic_tribes (189 words)

	Germanic languages at AllExperts
		Germanic languages possess several unique features, such as the following:# The leveling of the IE tense and aspect system into the present tense and past tense (also called preterite).# The use of a dental suffix (/d/ or /t/) instead of vowel alternation (Indo-European ablaut) to indicate past tense.
		The earliest evidence of Germanic comes from names recorded in the 1st century by Tacitus, and in a single instance in the 2nd century BC, on the Negau helmet.From roughly the 2nd century AD, certain speakers of early Germanic varieties developed the Elder Futhark, an early form of the runic alphabet.
		All Germanic languages are thought to be descended from a hypothetical Proto-Germanic, united by their having been subjected to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law.
	en.allexperts.com /e/g/ge/germanic_languages.htm (1547 words)

	(21) History, language and the civilization of the British Isles; and the Germanic languages.
		The North Germanic people moved towards Jutland and the North Sea Germanic group crossed the North Sea and settled in England (they were Angles, Saxons and Jutes).
		Germanic languages could be categorized into East Germanic, North Germanic and West Germanic languages.
		According to the development of German language it could be divided into four periods: Old period (700 to 1000), Middle period (1000 to 1300), Early Modern period (1300 to 1650) and Modern period (1650 onward).
	www.encyclopediaofauthentichinduism.org /articles/21_history_language.htm (516 words)

	chronology of boys' clothing : ancient civilizations -- the Germanic Tribes
		The Germanic tribes pushing south encountered the Romans at a period in their history that they were expanding north of the alps, setting in motion one of the titanic confrontations in history and one which was not completely resolved until World War II.
		The western Germanic tribes are the ones who first contacted the Romans and their territory in the west and south became a province of the Roman Empire.
		The migration from Scandinavia was often along rivers, the Germans from South Skandinavia pushed south along the Weser, Oder, Ostee and North Harz to the Rhine, the Channel, Weichsel and Danube.
	histclo.com /chron/ancient/ac-teut.html (3872 words)

	Britannicaindia.com: Britannica Browse
		It lies on the southern coast of the Firth of Forth east of Edinburgh.
		Nearly all of East Staffordshire lies within the historic county of Staffordshire, except for a small area...
		It lies north and east of Southampton, centred on the town of Eastleigh.
	www.britannicaindia.com /britannica_browse/e/e2.html (1843 words)

	Introduction & Abbreviations
		Frisian, West Germanic language spoken in Friesland, the lowland coast of the North Sea and nearby islands, closely related to Dutch and Old English.
		Germanic, a branch of Indo-European, ancestral language of English, German, Dutch, Frisian, Scandinavian tongues and several extinct languages such as Gothic and Frankish.
		O.H.G. Old High German, the ancestor of the modern literary German language, spoken in the upland regions of Germany; German language as written and spoken from the earliest period to c.1100.
	www.etymonline.com /abbr.php (3129 words)

	East Germanic (Gothic)
		East Germanic or Gothic is an extinct language descended from
		North Germanic (NGmc), according to the traditional classification.
		The language is known to us mainly through manuscripts (written in a derivative of the Greek alphabet, with some runic letters) preserving parts of a translation of the Bible into West Gothic, made by Bishop Ulfila in the 4th century.
	www.chiark.greenend.org.uk /~marisal/ie/gothic.html (532 words)

	Gothic/East Germanic Names (Gunthigg, Amaligg, Balthigg, Tucligg, Siling, Asding)
		Gothic is the only East Germanic language which has survived in any substantial way thanks to Wulfila's translation of the Bible.
		By comparing these forms to the known Gothic vocabulary and to other Germanic names, however, it is possible to reconstruct something like their original Gothic forms.
		Many Gothic names, like early Germanic names generally, are made of two "nymic elements" being combined - these tables give a list of some of the more common Gothic nymic elements, with their Modern and Old English equivalents.
	www.ancientworlds.net /41078 (619 words)

	Definition of East Germanic - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "East Germanic" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "East Germanic" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "East Germanic" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/East+Germanic (49 words)

	Evertype: The Alphabets of Europe
		The fact that there are something like 90,000,000 German speakers and something like 12,000 Rutul speakers means that spell-checkers and grammar checkers might be expected to be made available for the former in the short term, but not for the latter.
		Uralic: Finno-Ugric: Finno-Permic: Finno-Samic: Samic: East: Inari Sami
		Uralic: Finno-Ugric: Finno-Permic: Finno-Samic: Samic: East: Kildin Sami
	www.evertype.com /alphabets (3504 words)

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