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Topic: East Madagascar Current

	Indian Ocean Currents - Part4
		The dominant feature of the observed southern hemisphere circulation in the Indian Ocean is the subtropical cyclonic (clockwise) gyre comprised of the westward flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC) at 12°S to the south, the South Equatorial Countercurrent to the north, and the East African Coastal Current in the west.
		Seasonal variability in the latitude range of the SEC is generated to the east of 100°E by the annual cycle in the wind stress curl and propagates westward as a Rossby wave at approximately 0.1 m.s-1 (Woodberry et al.
		The East Madagascar Current is the southern branch of the South Equatorial Current which seperates as it reaches the eastern coast of Madagascar (Tomczak and Godfrey, 1994).
	indianocean.free.fr /annual4.htm (1178 words)

	The Agulhas Current
		On the average, the Agulhas current retroflects and returns eastward with part of the flow recirculating in the counter-clockwise flowing subtropical gyre and part of the flow feeding the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
		The Agulhas Current is the western boundary current of the South Indian Ocean.
		Lutjeharms, J.R.E and R.C. van Ballegooyen, 1988: The Retroflection of the Agulhas Current.
	oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu /indian/agulhas.html (1711 words)

	East Madagascar Current (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Madagascar Imports Importer of gems and minerals from Madagascar and East Africa.
		Madagascar eclipse Eclipse solaire totale de Juin 2001 à Madagascar, site du Comité national.
		Madagascar News - Topix.net News on Madagascar continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-East_Madagascar_Current.html (268 words)

	Agulhas Current (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Agulhas Current is the Western Boundary Current of the South-West Indian Ocean.
		The sources of the Agulhas Current are the East Madagascar Current, the Mozambique Current and a reticulated part of the Aghulas Current itself.
		The current follows the continental shelf from Maputo to the tip of the Agulhas Bank (Cape Aghulas).
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /a/ag/agulhas_current.html (210 words)

	Agulhas current (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Agulhas Current is the western boundary current of the South Indian Ocean, and is part of the westward-flowing South Equatorial Current.
		Its sources are the East Madagascar Current, and the Mozambique Current.
		This retroflection eddy or Agulhas ring enters the flow of the Benguela current and is translated north-westward across the Atlantic Ocean.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /a/ag/agulhas_current_1.html (207 words)

	e-Prints Soton - SST Observations of the Agulhas and East Madagascar Retroflections by the TRMM Microwave Imager
		SST Observations of the Agulhas and East Madagascar Retroflections by the TRMM Microwave Imager
		Quartly, G.D. and Srokosz, M.A. SST Observations of the Agulhas and East Madagascar Retroflections by the TRMM Microwave Imager.
		The retroflections of the East Madagascar Current and Agulhas Current are complex rapidly-evolving systems, the latter controlling the passage of warm salty water from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic.
	eprints.soton.ac.uk /273 (855 words)

	Ocean current - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An ocean current is a current that flows more or less permanently in one of the Earth's oceans.
		They are very important in determining the climates of the continents bordering on the oceans they flow in.
		However the importance of currents is also illustrated by the El Niño effect, in which the temporary reversal of an ocean current causes devastating climatic change in South America, whose effects spread as far as Australia.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Ocean_current (181 words)

	Ocean Currents and the Distribution of Life
		Ocean currents are generated by the thrust of the wind, the spin of the Earth and the pull of the Moon's gravity.
		This current Originates at the Davis Strait and is a combination of the West Greenland Current, The Baffin Island Current and inflow from Hudson Bay.
		These currents run from 4° from the north of the equator to 4° south of the equator and is 300 miles wide.
	www.cubanology.com /Articles/Ocean_Currents_The_Distribution_of_Life.htm (2129 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Along the east coast of Madagascar the small East Madagascar Current fulfils this role, whereas the flow along the west coast of Madagascar seems to be indistinct and variable.
		The flow along the east coast of Mozambique is dominated by the formation of eddies that drift poleward.
		The shelf on the eastern side of Madagascar is very narrow and bordered by a small western boundary current, the East Madagascar Current.
	ioc.unesco.org /icam/regional15.doc (591 words)

	CLIVAR DecCen Pacific and Indian Working Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The global observation network should include western boundary current monitoring; the purpose of this special mention is to ensure that such monitoring occurs and that the particular problem of the relation of boundary currents to the basin patterns and to regional climate is studied.
		Further north, the North Equatorial Current and Kuroshio form a major pathway for meridional heat transport whose variability may be a source for decadal change in the subtropics and is an avenue for forcing the atmosphere in the westerlies (Mysak and...).
		The North Equatorial Current (NEC) is the northern limb of the tropical gyre and the southern limb of the subtropical gyre.
	sam.ucsd.edu /clivar (15923 words)

	Advisors
		He is currently working with the American Museum of Natural History to inventory and catalog the Harold Kirby collection of termite symbionts, the largest such collection in the world, and create a database of specimens, as well as a comprehensive global list of all wood-eating termites and their symbionts.
		She is currently writing a book on conservation for the Smithsonian Press and is partnering with California Academy of Sciences to produce public forums dedicated to framing the scientific, ethical, and philosophical issues of emerging genetic technologies.
		Current projects include the investigation of microbial populations in extreme environments (Antarctica, hot deserts, permafrost (Arctic and Antarctic), subglacial environments, deep methane hydrate-clathrate environments, alkaline lakes, and sub-permafrost water lenses), and the development of non-Earth centric methods for life detection.
	www.all-species.org /advisors.html (9005 words)

	A Global Representative System of Marine Protected Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Mozambique and Madagascar currents generate internal currents and eddies within the Mozambique Channel, and may transport prawn larvae and other marine larvae to the Mozambique coast from along the mangrove and prawn rich western coast of Madagascar.
		On Madagascar all large river estuaries are in the west and support about 327,000 hectares of mangroves, with only a few stands covering about 5,000 hectares on the east coast (CEC 1992); Lebigre (1990) gives figures of 425,000 hectares for the west coast and 4,815 hectares for the east coast.
		In Madagascar, they still occur, although they are not common, from the Tsiribihina River area along the entire northwest coast and the east coast to at least as far south as Ile Sainte Marie (Nicholls 1994); however they have not been seen in the Toliara region since the 1960s (Cooke 1994).
	www.ea.gov.au /coasts/mpa/nrsmpa/global/volume3/chapter12.html (14643 words)

	South African Journal of Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The mean speed of the East Madagascar Current lies between 0.20 m s-1 and 0.90 m s-1, that of the Mozambique Current is similar.
		A possible seasonal variability in the speed of the East Madagascar Current is shown, with the highest speeds evident during spring and the lowest in summer.
		The geographical distribution of eddy kinetic energy of the region is consistent with the postulated retroflection of the southern branch of the East Madagascar Current and with unusually high mesoscale variability in the Mozambique Current.
	www.nrf.ac.za /sajs/abmar00k.stm (217 words)

	Eddy Activity in the South Indian Ocean from ERS-1 Altimetry
		To the east of Madagascar, low EKE is seen to the west of the point at which the South Equatorial Current branches: the northern branch passing around the northern tip of Madagascar, while the southern branch becomes the eddy rich East Madagascar Current, which is markedly more variable in winter.
		Characteristics of the currents east and south of Madagascar, Deep-Sea Res.
		The boundary currents east and north of Madagascar 1.
	earth.esa.int /workshops/ers97/papers/heywood1 (2225 words)

	The Agulhas Current
		The Agulhas Current Snapshot of the 1/16° Global NLOM SSH and currents from NRL Stennis (Forecasts for the Agulas region).
		These trajectories of near-surface buoys illustrate (1) the flow of central Indian ocean water into the Agulhas current; (2) "looping" that indicates the drifters were in the energetic eddy field of the Agulhas retroflection region and (3) the counter-clockwise flowing subtropical gyre of the South Indian ocean.
		In 1996 (green), the drifter is in the outer edge of the Agulhas current flowing to the southwest along the African coast.
	oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu /atlantic/agulhas_2.html (585 words)

	First hydrographic evidence of the southeast Madagascar upwelling cell
		The East Madagascar Current (EMC), presumably one of the sources of the Agulhas Current, was crossed four times over the Madagascar ridge.
		The behavior of the EMC south of Madagascar is studied using both hydrographic data and satellite imagery.
		At the southeastern end of Madagascar, the EMC turns westward and the dramatic change in the shape of the shelf favours the development of a cyclonic eddy that is embedded between the EMC core and the coast.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2002GL015381.shtml (246 words)

	The Agulhas Current
		Although no mention of the Agulhas Current survives from his first voyage, during the second rounding by Vasco da Gama in 1497, ships logs make mention of a southward current near Algoa Bay (near present day Port Elizabeth) of such strength that the flotilla was set steadily back for three days (Steinberg, 2001).
		By the mid-1500's, the Portuguese knew enough about the Agulhas Current to remain well out to sea as they rounded the African horn on the way to India, but to remain near the coast, although not too close, on the voyage home.
		The alternative explanation contends that the name is derived from the discovery that at the tip of the Cape, the compass needle points due north with no deviation between true and magnetic.
	oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu /atlantic/agulhas.html (2095 words)

	Satellite Observations of the Agulhas Current System
		The Agulhas Current is fed by waters flowing south along the Mozambique Channel and around the southern tip of Madagascar, as well as recirculation within the southwest corner of the Indian Ocean.
		Lead a research cruise to the area south of Madagascar, deploying moorings to monitor the currents, surveying eddies to determine their depth and water mass properties, and tagging a number of features with expendable satellite-tracked drifters.
		Quartly, G.D. and M.A. Srokosz (2002), 'SST Observations of the Agulhas and East Madagascar retroflections by the TRMM microwave imager', Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32, 1585-1592.
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /JRD/csp1_th1/csp1_th1_02.php (1885 words)

	References of the Indian Ocean from A to E
		Anderson, D.L.T., and P.B. Rowlands, 1976: The Somali Current response to the monsoon: the relative importance of local and remote forcing.
		Bruce, J.G., 1973: Large-scale variations of the Somali Current during the southwest monsoon.
		Measurements in the source current of the Somali Current during monsoon reversal.
	indianocean.free.fr /ref1.htm (1990 words)

	East London - Current News & Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		East London has been named as the capital of entrepreneurship in new research that shows more firms starting life in the area than anywhere else in the UK.
		EAST LONDON - A packed stadium is vital to the Bulldogs' mission of winning their fourth game on the trot against the Leopards here tonight at the Absa Stadium...
		Residents of Cintsa, about 30km east of East London, are grinning from ear to ear now that their properties are worth a small fortune.
	news.daylightonline.com /East_London.html (5959 words)

	Mn-Mz
		N and is bordered by Sulawesi to the west, Halmahera to the east, the Sula Islands to the south, and Mindanao and the Pacific to the north.
		As such a slow current flows southwestward along the eastern margin of the sea along with an opposite (northward) flowing current of similar strength in the western half in the winter months.
		The northward flow is maintained throughout the year except in the northern reaches where an east-southeast directed current occurs in the summer months.
	stommel.tamu.edu /~baum/paleo/paleogloss/node29.html (1602 words)

	os51j in os00
		It focuses on the contributions from the South Equatorial, East Madagascar and Mozambique currents to the transport of the Agulhas Current.
		After reaching the the eastern coast of Madagascar it splits into a northern branch, which does not have a particular name, and a southward branch called the East Madagascar Current.
		The East Madagascar Current is the main contributor to the annual mean transport of the Agulhas Current ($\sim$ 30 Sv) but makes no significant contribution to its seasonal variations.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=os00&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/os00/os00&maxhits=200&="OS51J" (1884 words)

	Agulhas Current
		The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is supporting an LME project, presently in the preparation (Block B) stage, for the Agulhas Current and the neighboring Somali Coastal Current LME.
		Several studies have suggested that the Agulhas Current LME is responsible for the dispersal of the early life history stages of various fish species.
		GIWA characterizes the Agulhas Current LME as severely impacted in the area of unsustainable exploitation of fisheries, i.e.
	na.nefsc.noaa.gov /lme/text/lme30.htm (1528 words)

	SOC: Meric Srokosz
		Quartly G.D. & Srokosz M.A. 2002 SST observations of the Agulhas and East Madagascar Retroflections by the TRMM Microwave Imager, J.
		Quartly G.D. & Srokosz M.A. 2002 Observing the Agulhas and Madagascar Retroflections, Eos, Trans.
		Quartly G.D. & Srokosz M.A. 2002 Following the fate of the East Madagascar Current, to be presented at PORSEC 2002, Bali (Proc.
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /JRD/SAT/pers/mas.html (1872 words)

	UCT Research Report 2001 - OCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Largier, J. and Boyd, A.J. Drifter observations of surface water transport in the Benguela current during winter 1999.
		Lutjeharms, J.R.E. and Machu, E. An upwelling cell inshore of the East Madagascar Current.
		Reason, C.J.C. Evidence for the influence of the Agulhas Current on regional atmospheric circulation patterns.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/dri/resrep01/faculties/science/oce/oce04.html (888 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Earth’s fourth largest island, Madagascar after Greenland, New Guinea and Borneo, once was home to the Giant Elephantbird, the largest ever to tread Earth.
		sweeps the southeastern and southern Madagascar shores might have transported hollow elephantbird eggs to the southwest toward South Africa.
		If they do float for substantial periods of time, some from southern Madagascar should have washed up in South Africa, and others from the north end of the island could go northward to the Maldive Islands.
	www.beachcombers.org /ElephantBirdEggs.html (632 words)

	e-Prints Soton - Eddies in the southern Mozambique Channel
		These are made manifest in the lee of the southern tip of Madagascar, although it is not clear whether many form there or just develop a visible presence due to entrainment of high chlorophyll coastal waters.
		The chlorophyll data do reveal the East Madagascar retroflection on occasions, but do not show clear examples of the pinching off of anticyclonic eddies.
		However surface waters from the East Madagascar Current may reach the African mainland on occasions when no retroflection is present.
	eprints.soton.ac.uk /810 (333 words)

	Noonsite: Route planning from the east to Madagascar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		With the strong current setting NNW with up to 3 knots on the northern half of Madagascar's east coast a well planned landfall is essential or you might find yourself in the washing machine 30 miles north of Cape d' Ambre.
		Therefore most boats in 2001 coming from Chagos, Cocos Keeling or the Maldives, choose a point some 40 miles south and 100 miles east of Diego Suarez/Antsiranana as a navigation mark.
		The light on Cape d'Ambre hasn't been operational for many years and it is a good idea to time arriving the cape in daylight.
	www.noonsite.com /Members/webmaster/R2001-09-19-1 (157 words)

	e-Prints Soton - Eddy variability east of Madagascar
		A strong but variable western boundary current flows south along the east coast of Madagascar, and at the island's southern end it interacts with eddies propagating zonally from the east.
		These two routes of variability are compared using altimetric sea-surface-height data and dynamic height from a high-resolution numerical model.
		East Madagascar Current, eddies, ocean colour, sea-surface height variability, OCCAM, numerical model
	eprints.soton.ac.uk /14877 (142 words)

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