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Topic: East Sudanian savanna

	East Sudanian savanna at AllExperts
		The East Sudanian savanna is a tropical savanna ecoregion of central Africa.
		The Cameroon Highlands divide the East Sudanian savanna from the West Sudanian savanna.
		The Sahel belt of drier Acacia savanna lies to the north, between the Sudanian Savanna and the Sahara Desert.
	en.allexperts.com /e/e/ea/east_sudanian_savanna.htm (336 words)

	Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are a grassland biome located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes.
		Rainfall in tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is between 50 and 150 centimetres (20 to 60 inches) a year, and can be highly seasonal, with the entire year's rainfall sometimes occurring within a couple of weeks.
		Sahelian Acacia savanna (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan)
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tropical_Grasslands (532 words)

	Encyclopedia: Afrotropic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		East Sudanian savanna(Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda)
		The Togolese Republic is a country in West Africa, bordering Ghana in the west, Benin in the east and Burkina Faso in the north.
		Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a group of biomes in which the climate is temperate to semi-arid.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Afrotropic (8274 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- East Sudanian savanna (AT0705) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Afrotropics > Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands >
		The most notable plant species of the savanna ecoregion is named for its largest mammal÷"elephant" grass.
		The Eastern Sudanian Savanna is primarily threatened by the agricultural and herding activities of the local populations.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0705.html (471 words)

	East Sudanian savanna - Encyclopedia of Earth
		The East Sudanian Savanna is a hot, dry, wooded savanna composed mainly of Combretum and Terminalia shrub and tree species and tall elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum).
		The East Sudanian Savanna ecoregion closely resembles the West Sudanian Savanna in habitat structure and species composition.
		The West and East Sudanian Savannas are also similar in terms of their broader species assemblages, but they were split into two separate ecoregions near the Mandara Plateau because a number of plant taxa do not cross this boundary.
	www.eoearth.org /article/East_Sudanian_savanna (1718 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- West Sudanian savanna (AT0722)
		The West Sudanian Savanna is a hot, dry, wooded savanna composed mainly of large tree species and long "elephant" grass.
		The West Sudanian Savanna stretches in a band across West Africa south of the Sahel, from Senegal and Gambia to the eastern border of Nigeria.
		The West and East Sudanian Savannas have been separated at the Mandara Plateau, which forms part of the chain of high elevation areas that separate West and Central Africa, and is a boundary for several plant taxa (WWF 1998).
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0722_full.html (1582 words)

	Encyclopedia: Afrotropic ecozone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		East Sudanian savanna(Cameroon, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Uganda)
		West Sudanian savanna(Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo)
		East African montane moorlands(Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe)
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Afrotropic-ecozone (487 words)

	Écozone afrotropicale - Wikipédia
		East Sudanian savanna (Cameroun, République centrafricaine, Tchad, République démocratique du Congo, Érythrée, Éthiopie, Soudan, Ouganda)
		Sahelian Acacia savanna (Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Tchad, Érythrée, Éthiopie, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Nigeria, Sénégal, Soudan)
		West Sudanian savanna (Bénin, Burkina Faso, Gambie, Ghana, Guinée, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Nigeria, Sénégal)
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afrotropical (769 words)

	wiki/Afrotropic Definition / wiki/Afrotropic Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It borders Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo to the east, and borders the Gulf of Guinea to its south....
		East Sudanian savanna(Cameroon, Central African Republic, ChadThe Republic of Chad (تشاد) is a country in central Africa that borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west....
		Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the south east, Togo and Ghana to the south, and the Côte d'Ivoire to the south west....
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Afrotropic (3149 words)

	USAID/Senegal Eastern Transition Zone
		Rather, it represents a gradual passage between the Peanut Basin in the west and the low population in the east, between the sedimentary sandstones and the precambrian shield rocks to the southeast.
		The eastern half (the Boundou, unit E2) is dominated by a Sudanian savanna woodland with relatively few patches of cropland.
		Agricultural pressures from the west are nibbling away at the pasture lands and savanna woodlands, and compressing the grazing space.
	edcintl.cr.usgs.gov /senegal2/easttrn.html (674 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		In the Sudan Savanna, the experiment was conducted at Gampela, 20 km east of Ouagadougou, on an alfisol (sandy loam to sandy clay loam in the upper 45 cm layers of the soil).
		In the Northern Guinea Savanna, the experiment was sown at Farako-Be on a "rhodic-oxic" paleustalf soil on 1 and 20 July and 8 August 1987.
		The poor adaptation of KVx305, KVx398, and to some extent, KVx402 cultivars in the Northern Guinea Savanna could be attributed to the bulk of genes brought to the cross by their parents, TVx3236 and TVu2027, which are adapted to moist savanna conditions.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?cs97039 (5678 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- East Sudanian savanna (AT0705)
		The East Sudanian Savanna is a hot, dry, wooded savanna composed mainly of Combretum and Terminalia shrub and tree species and tall elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum).
		The East Sudanian Savanna is not typified by high rates of faunal endemism, with only one strictly endemic mammal (a mouse, Mus goundae, VU), and two strictly endemic reptiles (Rhamphiophis maradiensis and Panaspis wilsoni).
		The West and East Sudanian Savannas are also similar in terms of their broader species assemblages, but they were split into two separate ecoregions near the Mandara Plateau because a number of plant taxa do not cross this boundary (WWF 1998).
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0705_full.html (1540 words)

	7. Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis *
		There was a widespread retreat of savanna tsetse towards the end of the last century when the host populations were sharply reduced by rinderpest panzootics, though much of the area freed of tsetse at that time has since been reinfested.
		Savanna tsetse have never been directly implicated in an outbreak of Gambian sleeping sickness, though their possible role has been suggested by several authors (Duggan, 1962; Ford, 1971).
		The relatively sparsely populated areas of the subhumid zone have assumed particular importance as a destination for immigrant settlers from the overpopulated humid zone to the south and Sudanian zone to the north.
	www.fao.org /Wairdocs/ILRI/x5539E/x5539e08.htm (8379 words)

	U10_Soils Africa
		Savanna Soil Characteristics-- Kowal and Kassam (1978) have commented in detail on the characteristics of the soils of the West African savanna.
		Because soil formation does occur, albeit very slowly, under savanna conditions, it is evident that the rate of erosion under natural vegetation is unlikely to be as great as the rate of soil formation, so a net gain in top soil occurs.
		Soil Type and Structure: The erodibility of savanna soils, or their vulnerability to erosion, is generally high because many of the soils are sandy, low in OM, and of unstable crumb structure (Kowal and Kassam 1978, p.
	www.soils.umn.edu /academics/classes/soil4505/doc/unit10af.htm (8182 words)

	Geography of Chad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The southern zone, often referred to as the Sudanian zone, receives between 600 and 1,000 mm (39 inches), with woodland savanna and deciduous forests for vegetation.
		The country's topography is generally flat, with the elevation gradually rising as one moves north and east away from Lake Chad.
		The Ennedi Plateau and the Ouaddaï highlands in the east complete the image of a gradually sloping basin, which descends towards Lake Chad.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Geography_of_Chad (566 words)

	Flora and vegetation of Israel
		Since in the true east African savannas the spiny trees are accompanied by Sudanian herbaceous vegetation that do not grow here we use the term "savannoid" to imply that it is a savanna-like vegetation.
		Several Sudanian species grow in Jericho and the large wadis west and north- west of it; however, the list of spontaneous Sudanian trees of this area is shorter than that of En Gedi.
		Sudanian trees, the roots of which penetrate through the upper layers in wadis, may enjoy the high water table in an area poor in rainfall.
	www.botanic.co.il /a/articls/WebsiteVegIsr.htm (8637 words)

	Animal Info - African Elephant
		The savanna elephant differs from the forest elephant in having a larger body size than the forest elephant, sparser hair covering, triangular-shaped ears rather than smaller round ears, gray skin rather than brown as in the forest elephant, and horizontal, thick, curved tusks as opposed to the straight, slender downward-pointing tusks of the forest elephant.
		Savanna cows cease to ovulate during the dry season when food is not as abundant, nor of such high nutritional value, thus ensuring that the calf is born in the wet season.
		Home ranges of the forest elephant are usually considerably smaller than those of the savanna elephant, mainly because of the abundance of food and the ready availability of water in the forest habitat as compared to the savanna habitat.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/loxoafri.htm (8608 words)

	Chapter 2 part iii
		The sub-humid zone savannas have, until recently, been rather sparsely populated because access was impeded by human diseases (such as river blindness, African sleeping sickness) and tick-borne diseases in animals.
		For the sub-humid tropical savannas, the emphasis has to be on the development of multiple uses, combining sustainable farming systems with integrated wildlife-livestock management and the establishment of a few protected areas for key plant and animal species.
		However, regulating savanna burning has not worked in the past because of weak enforcement agencies, and this has led to a general distrust, and often a blanket prohibition, of burning by departments responsible for rangeland and savanna management.
	www.fao.org /ag/aga/agal/Lxehtml/tech/ch2c.htm (4185 words)

	The potential of agroforestry to increase primary production in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of West Africa
		Vast areas in the Sudanian zone have developed highly compacted subsoil layers or simply shallow soils on parent bedrock, which effectively inhibit root penetration to deeper soil layers of the soil profile [22,32].
		With increasing rainfall in East Africa, maximum soil fertility was found to occur at approximately 750 mm of annual rainfall.
		In the Sudanian zone, the shelter belt function of woody species is not so interesting because water is not limiting plant growth, sandy soils (prone to wind erosion) are uncommon and hot dry winds, with their risk of abrasion, are rare during the growing season.
	library.wur.nl /way/catalogue/documents/Sahel/KESSLER/KESSLE.HTM (8874 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- East Sudanian savanna (AT0705)
		Rainfall is highly seasonal, and during the rainy season from April to October, large areas of southern Chad and northern parts of the Central African Republic become totally inundated and inaccessible.
		The original wooded savanna habitat has been significantly reduced, although to a lesser extent than in the West Sudanian Savanna, primarily due to the lower human population density.
		The West and East Sudanian Savannas are also similar in terms of their broader species assemblages, but they were split into two separate ecoregions near the Mandara Plateau because a number of plant taxa do not cross this boundary (WWF 1998).
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0705_full.html (1540 words)

	Pterocarpus erinaceus
		Pterocarpus erinaceus is a deciduous legume tree of African savannas and dry forests famous for producing one of the finest woods in its native region.
		Pterocarpus erinaceus is found throughout West and Central Africa, ranging from Senegal in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.
		Southward, the range extends to the limit of the humid forest in Cote d’Ivoire and the humid coastal savannas in Guinea, Togo, and Benin, where a gallery-forest species, Pterocarpus santalinoides, is common along rivers and temporary watercourses.
	www.winrock.org /fnrm/factnet/factpub/FACTSH/P_erinaceus.html (1410 words)

	Animals Animals In The East African Savannas Herbivory On Acacia Seedlings In An East African Savanna Controlling ...
		Coexistence of wildlife and livestock in East African savannas.
		East African Crowned Crane East Africa from Angola, Zambia, northeastern, east central, and southeastern the Mandingo region.
		Abundant in the savannas of the southcentral Ivory.
	animals.ciide.com /animalsTO4963.html (896 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		The southern zone, often referred to as the Sudanian zone, receives between 600 and 1,000 mm (39"), with woodland savanna and deciduous forests for vegetation.
		The country's topography is generally flat, with the elevation gradually rising as one moves north and east away from Lake Chad.
		The Ennedi Plateau and the Ouaddaï highlands in the east complete the image of a gradually sloping basin, which descends towards Lake Chad.
	www.traveldocs.com /td/geog.htm (418 words)

	Book: Survival in the Sahel
		Nomadic herders were no longer able to migrate to the Sudanian zone because it was already too densely settled.
		The situation is somewhat better in the regions traversed by large water courses, in particular the catchment areas of the Senegal River, the Niger River, and, further east, the Nile.
		The dry vegetation of the Sahel constitutes a fluid transition zone between desert to the north and savanna to the south.
	www.isnar.cgiar.org /publications/books/sahel/english/chap1-5.htm (2514 words)

	USGS Open-FIle Report 94-023: Dupont and Leroy
		In the adjacent East Atlantic, at 21°N, ODP 658 is located where northeasterly trade winds are overlain by the mid-tropospheric African Easterly Jet (Fig.1; AEJ, summer maximum of the Saharan Air Layer).
		It indicates that forest and savanna had a distribution at least as north as 21°N. The period may be correlated in northwestern Europe to Brunssumian C of the Dutch palynostratigraphy (Zagwijn, 1960) and Zone P1c of the northwestern Mediterranean area (Suc, 1984).
		After 2.8 Ma, a declining trend in mean percentages of Poaceae indicates a reduction of savanna vegetation (including wooded savanna and dry open forest), probably as a result of the development of a desert vegetation in northwestern Africa.
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/1994/of94-023/11_Dupont.html (2322 words)

	[No title]
		Background Bounded by the Gulf of Guinea on the South, the forests of Liberia and Guinea on the West, the plains of Burkina Faso to the North and the forest-savanna mosaic of Ghana to the East, Côte d'Ivoire may be described as the ecological keystone of West Africa.
		The project and longer term protected area program is consistent with COP guidance as it focuses on the conservation of critical ecosystems and threatened endemic species and supports the active involvement of local communities in management decisions and as beneficiaries of better protected area management.
		Context and Broad Development Goals Bounded by the Gulf of Guinea on the South, the forests of Liberia and Guinea on the West, the plains of Burkina Faso to the North and the forest-savanna mosaic of Ghana to the East, Côte d'Ivoire may be described as the ecological keystone of West Africa.
	www.gefweb.org /wprogram/May99/Bio/Coted'voire1.doc (13863 words)

	Equal Earth - Paintings - Afrotropic
		Afrotropics • Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
		Poaching, subsistence agriculture, livestock grazing, and oil and diamond prospecting were all threatening this ecoregion before the civil war began in the 1970s.
		For this ecoregion's species to survive, stronger conservation measures need to be put in place, and large mammals such as the fl rhinoceros need to be reintroduced to their former range.
	www.equalearth.org /afrotropic4.htm (1025 words)

	Book: Survival in the Sahel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The chief characteristic of the Sahel zone is that it is prone to frequent and lengthy periods of drought.
		The Sahel is generally understood to comprise seven countries: (from east to west) Chad, Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Senegal, and the Gambia.
		They form a semi-arid transition zone from the southern Sahara to the savanna lands of west and central Africa.
	www.isnar.cgiar.org /publications/books/sahel/English/text/chap1-1-2.htm (1506 words)

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