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Topic: Eastern Carpathians

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Divisions of the Carpathians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Satellite image of the Carpathians The Southern Carpathians in Romania The Transylvanian Western Carpathians (Apuseni Mountains) The Romanian Eastern Carpathians The Carpathian Mountains are the eastern wing of the great Central Mountain System of Europe, curving 1500 km (~900 miles) along the borders of Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland...
		Rodna Mountains (MunÅ£ii Rodnei) are a subdivision of the Eastern Carpathians in Northern Romania.
		The Eastern Carpathians extend from the northern border to the center of the country and contain the forested region of Bukovina; the Southern Carpathians, also known as the Transylvanian Alps, stretch westward from the Eastern Carpathian range; and the Western Carpathians traverse the western portion of Romania.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Divisions-of-the-Carpathians (2627 words)

	CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS - LoveToKnow Article on CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS
		The Carpathians, which only in a few places attain an altitude of over 8ooo ft., lack the bold peaks, the extensive snow-fields, the large glaciers, the high waterfalls and the numerous large lakes which are found in the Alps.
		In the central Carpathians are: the road from Neumarkt to Ksmrk through the High Tatra, the Telgrt pass over the Krlova Hola from the Poprad to the Gran, and the Tylicz pass from Bartfeld to Tarnow.
		During the 19th century the measurements of the various parts of the Carpathians was undertaken by the ordnance survey of the Austrian army, which published their first map of the central Carpathians in 1870.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CA/CARPATHIAN_MOUNTAINS.htm (3493 words)

	ABOUT THE CARPATHIANS - Carpathian Heritage Society
		In the valleys between the mountains and again on the northern slopes of the Western Carpathians, the population density is heavy, whereas, close by, practically uninhabited mountain massifs are to be found.
		The western slope of the Western Carpathians is inhabited by Czechs, the northern slope by Poles, the entire central part of the Western Carpathians by Slovaks, and the southern portion by Hungarians.
		Generally speaking, the greater part of the Western Carpathians and the northern part of the Eastern Carpathians is inhabited by a Slav population, and the southern part of both these Carpathian provinces, with the exception of the mountains of eastern Serbia, by Romanians and Hungarians.
	www.carpathians.pl /carpathians06.html (251 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Carpathian montane forests (PA0504)
		, the Eastern Carpathians (Vihorlat, Bukovské Vrchý, Bieszczady) and the Southern Carpathians.
		However, the number of endemic plants in the Carpathians is lower than in the Alps, Pyrenees or the mountain ranges of the Balkan Peninsula, primarily due to the fact, that the flora of the Carpathians was largely impoverished by glaciation.
		Biodiversity in the Carpathians is threatened by the common practice of reforestation with spruce monocultures and the rapid abandonment of the traditional forms of agriculture.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0504_full.html (1638 words)

	The Rusyns - Rusyn
		South of the Polonynna Beskyds is a long inner Carpathian valley that begins at the mouth of the Cirocha River in the west and continues southeastward to the large basin along the upper Tisza/Tysa River between Khust and Sighet.
		The fauna in Carpathian Rus’ includes a wide variety of mammals (63), birds (267), reptiles (10), and fish (50), many of which are not found in the neighboring lowlands or plateaus.
		The geological evolution of the Eastern Carpathians and their present structure has allowed for the formation of more than 30 varieties of minerals, although less than half are being exploited.
	www.rusyn.org /rusyns-geography.html (2891 words)

	International biosphere reserve in the Eastern Carpathians
		The geobotanic character of this part of the Carpathians is uniform and its wildlife is clearly distinct from that of the remaining mountain ranges, particularly the Western Carpathians.
		The Eastern Carpathians are made of sedimentary rocks from the Cretaceous Period and the earlier Tertiary Period.
		Unlike the Western Carpathians, the Eastern Carpathians have only three zones: the foothills zone (up to 500 m), the lower forest zone (500 to 1100 or 1150 m), and the mountain meadows zone, which is regarded as alpine (over 1100-1150 m).
	www.zb.eco.pl /gb/13/carpath1.htm (1619 words)

	Carpathians Mountains - Romania, Brasov, Fagaras, Bucegi, Moldoveanu, Rodna, Calimani, Vatra Dornei, Durau, Borsa, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Carpathian chain begins in the North of Bratislava and reaches the Timok River, in Yugoslavia, continuing the Alps.
		Durau is situated in a sunny glade at the foot of Ceahlau Mountains (Eastern Carpathians), in the so-called "Olympus of Moldavia".
		The Carpathian floral year begins at the end of February - the beginning of March, with the colsfoot, the snowdrop, the hollow wort and the pheasant's eye.
	www.brasovtravelguide.ro /bv-en/romania/carpathians.php (1170 words)

	The Carpathian Ecoregion Initiative - About Us (Carpathian Map) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Romanian Carpathians contain the highest concentration of large carnivores in Europe, with estimates of over 6000 brown bears, 2500 wolves and some 1750 lynx living in the region.
		Foundation for the Conservation of Biodiversity of the Eastern Carpathians; Polish Environmental Partnership Foundation (EPCE-Poland).
		Last remnants of the ancient Carpathian Primeval Forest can be found on the massif, known as the "Queen of Beskydy", the highest point of the Beskydy range (1725m asl).
	www.carpathians.org /ab_map.htm (1099 words)

	Abstract Penrose99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Major driving forces for lateral extrusion in the Eastern Alps are the convergence between the European continent and the Adriatic microplate which caused the indentation of the Southern Alps and subduction rollback in the central and eastern Carpathians which exerted a tensional stress on the eastern boundary of the Alps.
		The particular tectonic architecture of the Eastern Alps is further influenced by a rigid foreland, a strength minimum in the eastern Alpine lithosphere due to thermal relaxation after the Alpine stacking and a rotating intender.
		The Eastern Carpathians are unaffected by the mass extruding from the Alps and show frontal sediment accretion coeval with strong back-arc extension in the Pannonian realm.
	www-sfb461.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de /pub/A2/Publications/Abstracts/penrose99.html (1156 words)

	PZ-Home
		The fold-thrust belt of the Eastern Carpathians is a former accretionary wedge that originated at a convergent margin at which the Carpathian flysch basin was subducted underneath the continental Tisia-Dacia block.
		Closure of the Carpathian flysch basin was driven between the Karpatian and the Badenian (17 to 13 Ma) by a heavy slab causing subduction zone retreat.
		The continuity of the Carpathian fold-thrust belt is in contrast to strongly differing movements of the intra-Carpathian microplates synchronous to accretion of the fold-thrust belt.
	homepages.uni-tuebingen.de /uni/ep/epiwa01/diss.html (1396 words)

	Geologic Hazards Slides, Volume 3 - Landslides, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes
		Slopes affected by reactivation of landslides in eastern Carpathians Slopes affected by reactivation of landslides in the eastern Carpathians.
		Slopes affected by reactivation of landslides in eastern Carpathians Rock block slide along a planar surface triggered by the March 4, 1977, earthquake in the eastern Carpathians.
		The slide was reactivated during the March 4, 1977 earthquake in the eastern Carpathians.
	www.smate.wwu.edu /teched/geology/Landslides-Romania.html (1532 words)

	Far-field effects of Late Miocene subduction in the Carpathians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Far-field effects of Late Miocene subduction in the Eastern Carpathians: E-W compression and inversion of structures in the Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian region
		E-directed tectonic unroofing of the metamorphic domes in the central Eastern Alps terminated between 9 and 6 Ma.
		Model of Middle Miocene subduction retreat in the Eastern Carpathians and upper plate extension in the ALCAPA-area
	www.univie.ac.at /Geologie/Slicco/Sliccos_papers/ph96feol.htm (407 words)

	Health resorts, SPA Romania, cardiovascular diseases, cardiac neurosis treatment
		Estimations show that there are no less than 1,500 mineral springs in the Eastern Carpathians displaying a large variety in point of chemical composition; that and handy discharges (captured or drilled springs) accountered for the emergence and development of spas long ago.
		Remarkable are also the spas in the Southern Carpathians, such as Calimanesti-Caciulata, Baile Olanesti in the Olt Valley, Baile Govora and Voineasa near it, or the Baile Herculane spa on the western side of the Mehedinti Mountains, a thermal water spa known since Roman times.
		In the Western Carpathians deserving special mention are the mineral springs in the spas of Geoagiu-Bai, Vata de Jos and Moneasa, with quite special therapeutic properties.
	www.infotourism.ro /balneare (535 words)

	Geology and geomorphology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Ukrainian part of the Eastern Carpathians, like the whole Carpathian arch, is attributed to the Alpine geosynclinal belt.
		The Ukrainian Carpathians - are mainly the External Carpathians, since the second zone is deeply descended and concealed under the neogene sediments.
		The Carpathian biosphere reserve is located on the south-western megaslope of the Eastern Carpathians' Ukrainian segment.
	cbr.nature.org.ua /rec.htm (462 words)

	The Carpathians
		It caused upwelling of the hot asthenosphere below the thinned continental lithosphere of the Carpathians, inducing uplift of the lithosphere and internal decoupling at the Moho by isostatic and thermal effects.
		The different curves represent the subsidence of Focsani foreland, the uplift of the Carpathian chain and the hinterland subsidence leading to the Brasov, Ciuc and Gheorghieni basin formation, while straight lines represent the age intervals of the Late Miocene-Quaternary volcanic activity and of shortening of the internal part of the foreland basin.
		Tomographic imaging of deep velocity structure beneath the Eastern and Southern Carpathians, Romania: Implications for continental collision.
	www.mantleplumes.org /Carpathians.html (1305 words)

	Articles - Carpathian Mountains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Carpathians, which only in a few places attain an altitude of over 2500 m, lack the bold peaks, extensive snow-fields, large glaciers, high waterfalls and the numerous large lakes which are common in the Alps.
		The Carpathians at their highest altitude are only as high as the Middle Region of the Alps, with which they share a common appearance, climate, and flora.
		Unlike the other wings of the system, the Carpathians, which form the watershed between the northern seas and the Black Sea, are surrounded on all sides by plains, namely the Pannonian plain on the south-west, the plain of the Lower Danube (Romania) on the south, and the Galician plain on the north-east.
	www.poncier.com /articles/Carpathians (868 words)

	MAB Slovakia - Clovek a biosfera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In terms of geography and ecology, its territory corresponds with the important transition between the West Carpathian and East Carpathian geosystems and ecosystems, which is clearly reflected in the distribution of plant and animal populations and in the overlapping biotic communities.
		The transboundary interconnection of the Carpathian scenery found adequate expression in the establishment of large-scale conservation areas in all countries concerned, and later led to unification of these areas under the umbrella of UNESCO's biosphere reserves.
		The bedrock of the East Carpathian BR is formed almost entirely by flysh rocks of the Dukla Unit of Upper Cretaceous and Palaocene age.
	www.fns.uniba.sk /zp/biosfera/brmabvku.htm (2336 words)

	Benutzer\Vasile\WWW final\Romania\Romania.html
		The southern and eastern portions of Romania consist of fertile plains that are drained by the Danube and its tributaries.
		The Carpathians in Romania may be divided into the Eastern Carpathians, the Southern Carpathians (or the Transylvanian Alps), and the Western Carpathians; they occupy about 30 percent of the country's total area.
		The eastern and southern plains occupy one-third of the country's total area and formed the populated cores of historic Moldavia and Walachia, respectively.
	www.physik.uni-greifswald.de /~varto/Romania/Romania.html (2306 words)

	Travel through south-eastern Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The lowest crossing-point anywhere in the Carpathians is the Dukla Pass, a frontier post between Poland and Slovakia which was the scene of bloody battles in both World Wars, the latter of which was responsible for over 100,000 casualties.
		The eastern part of the red trail crosses the Pasmo Jaworzyny via many of its main peaks, with two refuges en route; the first stage of this can likewise be used as the start of a circular walk.
		Mochnaczka-Nizna (Mokhnachka-Nizhna), 3 miles (5 km) to the north-east and reachable either by road or by the eastern section of the red trail, has two wooden churches, one from the mid-nineteenth century in the northern part of the village and a smaller one from the late eighteenth century towards the southern end.
	www.lemko.org /lih/travel/beskid.html (9980 words)

	NAP Skim View of:
		The Ukrainian part of the Eastern Carpathians is a typical medium-sized mountain system with mainly dome-shaped summits which are frequently united into long ranges or massifs and dissected by the deep river valleys.
		A primary task in such an effort is the study of the flora of the Ukrainian Carpathians as part of the Eastern Carpathian flora linking the West and South Carpathians.
		CONCLUSIONS The grasslands of the East Carpathians Biosphere Reserve are vital in the preservation of biodiversity in the area.
	www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309055768&chap=219-260 (870 words)

	Hazard Slides
		Romania, an eastern European country, is severely affected by a variety of natural hazards.
		Slopes affected by reactivation of landslides in the eastern Carpathians.
		The slide occurred in Neogene molasses on the southern slope of Blidisel Hill in the Buzau Subcarpathians.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/hazard/slideset/15/15_slides.shtml (769 words)

	Romania - Topography
		The Eastern Carpathians are composed of three parallel ridges that run from northwest to southeast.
		The Eastern Carpathians are covered with forests--some 32 percent of the country's woodlands are there.
		To the south and east of the Carpathians, the Sub-Carpathians form a fringe of rolling terrain ranging from 396 to 1,006 meters in elevation.
	countrystudies.us /romania/33.htm (1032 words)

	Application of integrated geophysical modeling for determination of the continental lithospheric thermal structure in ...
		We applied integrated lithospheric modeling combining the interpretation of surface heat flow, geoid, gravity, and topography data for the determination of the lithospheric thermal structure along four transects crossing the eastern Carpathians from the European Platform to the Pannonian Basin and propose a new map of lithospheric thicknesses.
		Lithosphere thickness varies from 240 km in the foreland to 75–110 km, under the Pannonian Basin and it increases from the western to the eastern Carpathians.
		Under the western segment of the western Carpathians (in the transition zone to the eastern Alps), no thickening is observed, which may be explained by a mainly strike-slip movement between the European and Carpatho-Pannonian plates.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2006/2005TC001883.shtml (343 words)

	Carpathian Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Carpathian Project is prepared by RTI Polska within the framework of Interreg III B CADSES initiative.
		So, Carpathians constitute the extensive European area which in forthcoming years will be exposed to significant transformations, in the relationship with the continuation of the enlargement process of the European Union.
		The interest with the Carpathian Project outgrew the expectations of the Lead Partner - it was submitted about 90 potential project partners whom committed the initial financial participation to the project of the total size of 10 millions Euro.
	www.carpathian-project.net (1902 words)

	abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Flysch and molasse nappes of the Eastern Carpathians strike mainly N-S and were folded and imbricated since the late-Early Cretaceous.
		Boundaries of stratigraphic and structural units and calculated fold-trend axes from the southern part of the Eastern Carpathians indicate a curvature of the orogen by 80°.
		The movement directions of the thrust faults in the models are deflected from normal to fault-strike towards the movement direction of the indenter, leading to fanning contraction directions similar to those observed in the Eastern Carpathian arc.
	www.uni-tuebingen.de /geo/gpi/ag-frisch/mitarbeiter/frisch/seiten/abstracts/kin-fold.html (370 words)

	CRC 461/A1 VRANCEA'99: Start (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Fielitz, W., 2001: Neotectonics and its consequences on the geomorphology and fluvial drainage of the Eastern Carpathian bend area, Romania.
		Fielitz, W., 2000: Neotectonics of the Eastern Carpathian bend area and its foreland, Romania.
		Crustal structure of the southeastern Carpathians and the Moesian platform from a seismic-refraction experiment in Romania.
	www-sfb461.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de /pub/A1/a1_references_en.html (630 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Miocene tectonic evolution of the Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian region was characterized by the contemporaneous interplay of thrusting, strike-slip faulting, the lateral displacement of terranes, and crustal thinning during orogenic collapse and back-arc type extension.
		In the Eastern Alps and in the westernmost Carpathian transect, north-south directed plate convergence was compensated by northward thrusting and by the emplacement of thrust sheets onto the European margin from the Eocene (55 Ma) to the Middle Miocene (17 Ma).
		Thrusting was coeval with the lateral displacement and occured from 26 to 11.5 Ma in the Outer Central Carpathians and from 20 to 9 Ma in the Eastern Carpathians.
	www.univie.ac.at /Geologie/Slicco/Sliccos_papers/dk96tkit.htm (497 words)

	HEALTH TOURISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the eastern part of the town, 12 km from its center, there is an all-season tourist compound of general importance with modern hotels, at the foot of Rodna Massif.
		Town in N central Romania (Mures country), situated on the upper course of the river Tirnava Mica, in the Praid-Sovata depression, at the SW foot of the Gurghiu Mountains (Eastern Carpathians), elevation 475-530 m, 60 km E of the municipality of Tirgu Mures (seat of Mures county); population 12,253 (July 1, 1991).
		In the Western Carpathians deserving special mention are the mineral springs in the spas of Geoagiu-Bai, Vata de Jos and Moneasa, with quite special therapeutic properties.
	v-market.ro /healthtourismeng.html (5460 words)

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