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Topic: Eastern Colored League

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	American Negro League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The American Negro League (ANL) was a professional baseball league that operated on the east coast of the United States in 1929.
		The league operated with a split-season format, in which the schedule was divided into two halves, with the winners of each half to play a series for the pennant.
		This league is not to be confused with the later Negro American League, which was based in midwestern and southern cities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Negro_League (261 words)

	Eastern Colored League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mutual Association of Eastern Colored Clubs, more commonly known as the Eastern Colored League, was one of the several Negro Leagues, which operated during the time organized baseball was segregated.
		The ECL was founded in 1923 when the Philadelphia-area Hilldale Club and the Bacharach Giants of Atlantic City, both associate members of the midwest-based Negro National League (NNL), broke with the NNL and allied with the white promoter Nat Strong to form an east coast league.
		The ECL raided the NNL for players, including Hall of Famers Oscar Charleston, Biz Mackey, and John Henry Lloyd, starting a war that lasted for two years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eastern_Colored_League (342 words)

	[No title]
		The ECL collapsed in the spring of 1928 but the member teams reemerged in 1929 as the American Negro League.
		After the collapse of the ECL in the spring of 1928, the member teams reemerged in 1929 as the American Negro League.
		Eastern Colored League (chartered as the Mutual Association of Eastern Colored Baseball Clubs) is formally organized.
	www.tonydeesnegroleague.com /page/page/935817.htm (1020 words)

	Timeline Of Negro League Baseball History
		The league was the brainchild of Hall-of-Fame pitcher Andrew "Rube" Foster, then owner of the Chicago American Giants.
		A six-team league is organized in the East by Hilldale owner Ed Bolden and Nat Strong, owner of the Brooklyn Royal Giants.
		The Eastern Colored League begins it's inauraural season with the Hilldale Club, Bacharach Giants, Brooklyn Royal Giants, Lincoln Giants (of New York), Baltimore Black Sox and the Cuban Stars.
	www.negroleagueshop.com /timeline_of_negro_league_baseb.cfm (1141 words)

	Negro Leagues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The National Colored Base Ball League, the first attempt at a professional Negro League, is formed.
		The result of the meeting is the formation of the Negro National League.
		The American Negro League is formed in the East and begins its inaugural (and only) season with the Baltimore Black Sox, Lincoln Giants, Homestead Grays, Hill dale Cub, Bacharach Giants, and Cuban Stars (East).
	www.afrikation.com /Content/African_Facts/NegroLeagues.htm (916 words)

	A A World . Reference Room . Articles . Negro League \| PBS
		The principal Negro leagues were the Negro National League (1920–1931, 1933–48), the Eastern Colored League (1923–28), and the Negro American League (1937–1960).
		Initially the leagues were centred in cities such as Chicago, New York City, Detroit, St. Louis, and Kansas City, which had large and growing fl populations as a result of the 20th-century northward fl migration.
		The beginning of the decline of the Negro leagues was in 1945, when the Monarchs' rookie shortstop Jackie Robinson was signed by the Brooklyn Dodgers organization.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/negro_league.html (740 words)

	Dark Ages 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The league, the Eastern Colored League, was formed on the East Coast, giving negro baseball a broader fan base.
		The Southern Negro League and the Texas-Oklahoma-Louisiana League were both established in the mid-1920's, giving the Negro Leagues a much needed national audience.
		But while the Negro Leagues were enjoying a new wave of popularity, they were never quite as prosperous or as stable as the white majors.
	www.socialstudiesmadesimple.com /dark_ages8.htm (293 words)

	Homerunweb -- The Negro Leagues
		Negro leagues were born out of the desire for players of races other than white -- mainly African-Americans and dark-skinned Latins -- to play baseball in organized leagues.
		As the color line became entrenched in white "organized" baseball in the 1880s and 1890s, non-white ballplayers led by such luminaries as Sol White and, later, Rube Foster made it their life's work to create and maintain leagues for the 10-15% of the American population shut out from the mainstream by blatant racism.
		Alas, the sad consequences of breaking major league baseball's color line in 1947 were the death of the Negro leagues and the creation of another color line: the one keeping nonwhites from the ranks of major league team owners.
	www.homerunweb.com /negroleagues.html (608 words)

	Clem's Baseball ~ Negro Leagues
		Seven Negro league teams' names included the word "fl," and one other was named the "Browns." Sparked by the rise of social consciousness during World War I, the Negro leagues emerged during the 1920s and played a vital role in the development of the sport until the middle of the century.
		This hemmorhage of talent left the Negro Leagues without their best players, and as the color barrier gradually crumbled, there was no longer any reason for it to exist.
		The Negro National League folded after the 1948 season, though three of its franchises continued to play for the next two years in the Negro American League, which folded at the end of 1950.
	www.andrewclem.com /Baseball/Negro_Leagues.html (1515 words)

	The Josh Gibson Foundation: Negro League History
		The Southern League was comprised of 10 teams: the Memphis Eclipse, the Georgia Champions of Atlanta, the Savannah Broads, the Memphis Eurekas, the Savannah Lafayettes, the Charleston Fultons, the Jacksonville Athletics, the New Orleans Unions, the Florida Clippers of Jacksonville and the Jacksonville Macedonias.
		The teams in the new American Negro League were the same ones from the Eastern League, with the exception of the Brooklyn Royal Giants which had folded and the addition of the Homestead Grays.
		The Negro League World Series was revived in 1942, this time pitting the winners of the eastern Negro National League against the winners of the midwestern Negro American League, and continued until 1948, with the NNL winning four championships and the NAL three.
	www.joshgibson.org /index.php?page=Negro_League_History (3782 words)

	SI.com - MLB - Negro League Hall of Fame coming to D.C. - Wednesday December 3, 2003 8:54PM
		On the table was a weathered glove worn for eight years by Satchel Paige, who eventually traded it to a friend for a pair of knee-high fishing boots.
		They are the remnants of the less organized days of the so-called Colored Leagues, a period that even the old-timers couldn't remember.
		The Negro National League in 1920 was the first fully organized fl league, followed by the Eastern Colored League in 1923.
	sportsillustrated.cnn.com /2003/baseball/mlb/12/03/negro.leagues.ap (690 words)

	Negro League baseball
		In the early days of Major League Baseball, which coincided with the Reconstruction period following the American Civil War, there was no official color line.
		It should be noted that, due in no small part to the popularity and success of the original Cuban Giants many similarly named teams came into existence, including the Genuine Cuban Giants, Royal Giants, the Baltimore Giants and the Cuban X-Giants, the latter a powerhouse in the early twentieth century.
		The Hall relented and agreed to admit Negro League players on an equal basis with their white counterparts in 1971.
	usapedia.com /n/negro-league-baseball.html (1086 words)

	Blackbaseball.com :: Negro Baseball Leagues :: John Henry Lloyd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The following year the Eastern Colored League was organized and Lloyd, serving as playing manager, hit.418 to lead Hilldale into the inaugural pennant.
		While that season was a good one for Lloyd personally, it was a disastrous one for the Eastern Colored League which collapsed early in the season.
		Unfortunately, the league folded after a single season and in 1930, Lloyd's last season at the helm, the Lincolns played as an independent team and fielded their strongest team since Lloyd's 1913 powerhouse.
	www.blackbaseball.com /players/johnhenrylloyd.htm (565 words)

	MLB.com - Negro Leagues Team Information
		Years in the Negro Leagues: Seven, 1923-27, 1929, 1932 The Hilldale Daisies were the powerhouse team of the short-lived Eastern Colored League.
		The 1922 season was the best-ever for the club in the Negro National League, finishing second with a 46-33 record.
		The longest running franchise in Negro League history is the Monarchs from Kansas City, Mo. They were charter members of the Negro National League in 1920.
	www.mlb.com /NASApp/mlb/mlb/history/mlb_negro_leagues_teams.jsp (2001 words)

	The Negro League Teams
		On December 16, 1922, the Eastern Colored League (chartered as the Mutual Association of Eastern Colored Baseball Clubs) is formally organized.
		- Middle States League 1889, a mixed color league (reorganized as the Eastern Interstate League in 1890) had the New York Gorhams and the Cuban Giants as member clubs.
		Unfortunately the Eastern Interstate League died mid-season with the Cuban Giants resurfacing in the Connecticut State League.
	www.nlbpa.com /the_teams.html (611 words)

	Rube Foster history and biographical information
		White businessmen observed the success, and big profits that could be made from fl baseball, and formed a rival league, the Eastern Colored League.
		The first Negro World Series, played between the two leagues, was in 1924 between the Kansas City Monarchs of the National League, and the Philadelphia Hilldales representing the Eastern League.
		As many of Foster's stars were lured away by the Eastern League for better pay, Foster held on but the strain became too much for him.
	www.negroleaguestore.com /Rube_Foster.htm (665 words)

	Out of The Shadows- Negro Leagues Baseball
		The Westersn-based league consisted of eight teams - the Giants and the American Giants from Chicago, the Dayton Marcos, the Detroit Stars, the Indianapolis ABCs, the Kansas City Monarch, St. Louis Giants and a traveling Cuban team, the Stars.
		IN 1923, the league introduced the Hilldale Giants, Cuban Stars, Brooklyn Royal Giants, Bacharach Giants, Lincoln Giants and Baltimore Black Sox, all serving as archrivals for teams in the Western Circuit.
		By 1931, less than a year after Foster's death, the Negro National League's ship was rudderless and sank from the baseball scene, leaving fl baseball once again, with no organized structure.
	outoftheshadows.net /hist3.htm (407 words)

	History of Negro Major Leagues
		As a result of his leadership role in the early years of the leagues, Foster is known as "the father of fl baseball." This first league was known as the Negro National League with member teams in the South and Midwest.
		Three years after the founding of the NNL, the Eastern Colored League was formed on December 16, 1923, with Edward H. Bolden serving as chairman.
		The ECL collapsed in the spring of 1928 but the member teams re-emerged in 1929 as the American Negro League.
	www.21stcenturyradio.com /negroleagues.html (375 words)

	MLB.com - Negro Leagues
		One of the best pitchers in Eastern Colored League history, southpaw Jesse "Nip" Winters pitched his Hilldale Daisies to pennants in each of the league's first three seasons.
		While the very existence of the Negro Leagues was necessary because of the racial divides in the United States, fl baseball not only survived -- it excelled.
		In the Negro Leagues, Nip fashioned a 15-5 record in 1926, but during his 1927 14-8 season, Winters was suspended for "not trying." It spelled the beginning of the end of his tenure with Hilldale.
	www.mlb.com /NASApp/mlb/mlb/history/mlb_negro_leagues_profile.jsp?player=winters_nip (594 words)

	Negro League baseball (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The period 1890–1914 saw a state of perpetual turmoil, with many leagues and teams coming and going within a space of a few years, mirroring the problems with "upstart leagues" in white baseball.
		Eastern Colored League, 1923–1928; the NNL and ECL champions met in a World Series from 1924 to 1927.
		Negro Southern League was a minor League that played from 1920 into the 1940s; in 1932 it incorporated some teams from the first Negro National League and functioned for one year as a major league.
	negro-league-baseball.iqnaut.net (1229 words)

	Negro League Baseball
		The ABCs were members of the original Negro National League when it formed in 1920 and Indianapolis hosted the league's initial contest on May 2, 1920.
		It competed in the Negro Southern League in 1932, and in the Negro American League in 1938 and 1939.
		Anticipating the demise of the league, the Clowns withdrew from the circuit and again became a barnstorming team.
	indystar.com /library/factfiles/history/black_history/negroleagues.html (942 words)

	BASN Negro League Spotlight: The $1,000,000 Infield of The Baltimore Black Sox
		One of the first teams to play in the area were the Baltimore Atlantics, a fl ball club that began in the 1880's.
		Jud Wilson was known around the league as "Boojum" for the sound of the line drives that came off his booming bat.
		While there have been several teams in the Washington-Baltimore area that made an impact in the Negro Leagues, the "$1,000,000 Infield" of the Baltimore Black Sox are truly one of the most memorable.
	www.blackathlete.net /artman/publish/printer_853.shtml (760 words)

	West Coast Negro Baseball League - BR Bullpen
		The West Coast Negro Baseball League only operated for part of the 1946 season.
		Its objective was for teams composed of fl ballplayers to play games in stadiums used by teams in the Pacific Coast League while their regular occupants were playing on the road.
		The league comprised six teams located in Seattle, WA, Portland, OR, San Francisco, CA, Oakland, CA, Los Angeles, CA and San Diego, CA.
	www.baseball-reference.com /bullpen/West_Coast_Negro_Baseball_League (145 words)

	The Negro Leagues \| Jules Tygiel \| OAH Magazine of History
		Confronted by rigid barriers created by the "color line," African-Americans forged their own institutions and culture, creating a world invisible to most whites, but nonetheless vibrant, innovative, and distinctive.
		Two years later the Eastern Colored League disbanded, and in 1931 the Negro National League departed the scene.
		Although the great sluggers of the Negro Leagues rivalled those in the National and American Leagues, they comprised but one element of the speed-dominated universe of "tricky baseball." Black teams emphasized the bunt, the stolen base, and the hit-and-run.
	www.oah.org /pubs/magazine/sport/tygiel.html (2170 words)

	Beyond the Shadow of the Senators
		The Negro Leagues were the highest level of fl professional baseball prior to Jackie Robinson's signing with the Montreal Royals, the Brooklyn Dodgers' Triple-A farm club, in October 1945.
		The Negro Leagues were not leagues in the modern sense.
		Although the organization of the Negro Leagues was haphazard, the players and teams were top-notch.
	www.beyondtheshadow.com /cast_negro.html (430 words)

	The AfroBabies Collection
		In 1920, an organized league structure was formed under the guidance of Andrew “Rube” Foster—a former player, manager, and owner for the Chicago American Giants.
		Soon, rival leagues formed in Eastern and Southern states, bringing the thrills and innovative play of fl baseball to major urban centers and rural country sides in the U.S., Canada, and Latin America.
		The last Negro Leagues teams folded in the early 1960s, but their legacy lives on through the surviving players and the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum.
	www.afrobabies.com /history.htm (2905 words)

	Black Baseball (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The owners organize the first successful fl professional league, the eight-team Negro National League: the Chicago American Giants, the Chicago Giants, the Dayton Marcos, the Detroit Stars, the Indianapolis ABCs, the Kansas City Monarchs, the St. Louis Giants and the Cuban Stars.
		Foster becomes the league's president, and members agree to honor each other's player contracts, bringing some stability and organization to fl baseball.
		Another Negro "major" league, the Eastern Colored League, is formed.
	sportsillustrated.cnn.com /features/1997/blackbaseball/timeline4.html (191 words)

	Timeline of International Baseball History
		Emilio Sabourín, the key figure in founding the league, is later sentenced to life in prison, and the Spanish government briefly bans baseball in Cuba.
		Experienced major league players are now banned from the league, as are Cubans, Mexicans, and Americans, both fl and white, who had played in Pasquel’s Mexican League.
		Nearly a decade later, the league is purchased by one of its most distinguished alumni, Milwaukee Brewers catcher and Brisbane native David Nilsson.
	www.ericenders.com /internationalbb.htm (2241 words)

	Negro Leagues in Harrisburg, Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Better known as the Eastern Colored League, it encompassed the large Eastern teams, and it also set the stage for the first Negro World Series in 1924.
		The Eastern League folded in the Spring of 1928, and the Negro National League was already experiencing problems because of the illness of its founder, Rube Foster.
		By the end of the war, some major league owners felt that America was finally ready for integrated major league baseball again--something that the country had not seen since 1887.
	www.afrolumens.org /century%20of%20change/baseball2.html (998 words)

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