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	Eastern Hemlock - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), also known as Canadian Hemlock, is a coniferous tree native to eastern North America.
		The Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Adelges tsugae, a type of aphid accidentally introduced from east Asia to the United States in 1924, threatens the future of the Eastern Hemlock east of the Appalachian Mountains.
		Eastern Hemlock is the state tree of Pennsylvania.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eastern_Hemlock (266 words)

	WildWNC.org : Trees : Eastern Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cones of eastern hemlock are the smallest in the genus, from 13 to 19 mm (0.5 to 0.75 in) long; 35.2 liters (1 bushel) of cones weigh about 15.4 kg (34 lb), and yield from 0.64 to 0.68 kg (1.4 to 1.5 lb) of seed.
		Eastern hemlock is sensitive to salt spray or drift and sulfur fumes and is one of the species most often struck by lightning (16,25).
		Eastern hemlock often is planted as an ornamental because of its relative freedom from insects and disease, good foliage color, and adaptability to shearing.
	www.wildwnc.org /trees/Tsuga_canadensis.html (4799 words)

	Eastern Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The hemlocks in the northeast are being attacked by the Wolly adelgid, an Asian sap-sucking insect that is usually fatal to the trees, especially those individuals that are growing in shady conditions.
		Hemlocks often grow in pure stands, and healthy hemlock stands are almost magical with their dark shade, their straight, tall trunks, and their clear forest floor, as very few plants can grow with so little light.
		Hemlock needles are short, usually less than an inch long, and they grow in two rows on each side of the branch.
	www.il-st-acad-sci.org /trees/hemlock.html (232 words)

	Tsuga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The common name hemlock is derived from the perceived similarity in the smell of the crushed foliage to that of the unrelated herb Poison hemlock; see hemlock for other senses of the word.
		caroliniana, are threatened by a sap-sucking insect, the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae).
		Another species, Bristlecone Hemlock, first described as Tsuga longibracteata, is now treated in a distinct genus Nothotsuga; it differs from Tsuga in the erect (not pendulous) cones with exserted bracts, and male cones clustered in umbels, in these features more closely allied to the genus Keteleeria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tsuga (458 words)

	Eastern Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eastern Hemlock is native to southern Canada, the northeastern United States, and all of the Appalachian Mountains down to Georgia.
		A distinctive trait of Eastern Hemlock is the drooping nature of its terminal leader and the terminals of all side branches, especially during the new shoot growth of spring.
		Eastern Hemlock is the most finely textured of evergreens, with its soft miniature foliage and abundance of thin, pendulous twigs.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /forestry/education/ohiotrees/hemlock.htm (691 words)

	CCE - Suffolk County: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) is a small aphid-like insect from Japan that has become a serious pest of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, in the eastern United States.
		However, hemlocks growing in nurseries and ornamental landscapes can be saved by carefully monitoring for the presence of the adelgid, by implementing various cultural practices to enhance tree vigor and to discourage pest invasion, and by using mechanical and chemical measures as needed to control adelgids.
		Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, is a small aphid-like insect from Japan that has become a serious pest of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, in the eastern United States.
	www.cce.cornell.edu /suffolk/grownet/tree-insect/hemwool.html (2633 words)

	Eastern Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The long lived hemlocks are shade-loving species that develop slowly in the shade of their forest companions.
		Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is a popular member of a group of evergreens.
		Hemlock trees are NOT related to the herb that was used to poison Socrates; In fact tea is made from the young needles and it also used to be an ingredient in old-fashioned root beer.
	webpages.charter.net /svmiller/hemlock.html (120 words)

	Hemlock
		Hemlocks are tall, straight evergreens with slender branches bearing scattered, two-ranked leaves and pendulous cones.
		The wood of the eastern hemlock is used extensively as construction lumber, and tannins produced by the bark were at one time used for tanning leather.
		The Carolina hemlock is a somewhat smaller tree, rarely as tall as 21 m (70 ft), that grows in the mountains of Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/plants/hemlock.htm (324 words)

	Eastern hemlock decline research at AEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hemlock stands and forests are valued as riparian and forest habitat and as a commercial timber and horticultural species.
		Hemlock stands are also frequently targeted as desirable recreational areas on public lands because of their distinctiveaesthetic, recreational, and ecological qualities.
		The patchy nature of hemlock decline suggests that landscape-level processes may affect hemlock mortality either by regulating the dispersal potential of hemlock wooly adelgid, or by affecting the sensitivity of the trees themselves.
	www.lsc.usgs.gov /aeb/2048-03 (862 words)

	Environmental Assessment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eastern hemlock is the Official State Tree of Pennsylvania, and has been called "the redwood of the east." It is an evergreen conifer that is widely distributed in the United States from eastern Minnesota to Maine, and south to Alabama along the Appalachian Mountains.
		Eastern hemlock is the most shade tolerant tree species in North America, capable of surviving underneath a shaded forest canopy for as long as 350 years (Quimby, 1996).
		Release of Pseudoscymnus tsugae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in New Jersey.
	www.nps.gov /dewa/pressea/hwaea/hwa.htm (9423 words)

	Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Research at Harvard Forest
		Kizlinski, M. Vegetation and ecosystem response to eastern hemlock decline and logging: direct and indirect consequences of the hemlock woolly adelgid.
		Ecosystem response to hemlock decline from hemlock woolly adelgid in southern New England.
		Hemlock woolly adelgid impacts on community structure and N cycling rates in eastern hemlock forest.
	harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu /research/hwa.html (680 words)

	Plant Information Center - NC Trees - Eastern Hemlock
		Hemlock is remarkably tolerant to shading by larger trees; many remain in the understory in natural stands for 25 to 200 years.
		The Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelm) differs from the eastern hemlock in that its needles are much more whorled about the twig giving it a rougher less flat appearance than the eastern hemlock.
		The cone scales of the Carolina hemlock are narrow, and much longer than they are wide.
	www.ibiblio.org /pic/NCTrees/easternhemlock.htm (302 words)

	Landowner Fact Sheets - eastern hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eastern hemlock is a long-lived conifer of cool eastern climates.
		The future of eastern hemlock in question due to the spread of the hemlock woolly adlegid, an accidentally introduced sap-feeding insect.
		Hemlocks were once used for structural timbers, as the wood has tremendous nail-holding ability.
	www.fw.vt.edu /dendro/landownerfactsheets/detail.cfm?genus=Tsuga&species=canadensis (231 words)

	Hiker's Notebook: Eastern Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hemlocks endure for up to 100 years as small saplings in the shade of mature trees until a break in the canopy allows for growth.
		Hemlocks rarely germinate in open areas, needing the shade of the larger trees to provide the requisite moist habitat.
		Hemlock stands are essential for bedding of white tailed deer and as their seventh most important winter food source.
	www.mwrop.org /W_Needham/EasternHemlock_050109.htm (276 words)

	Eastern hemlock - Macphail Woods Native Trees
		Hemlock seed is a preferred food for pine siskins, crossbills, boreal chickadees, American goldfinch and ruffed grouse.
		Hemlocks also offer great cover and protection for both small and large birds and at Macphail Woods the largest hemlock contains a hive of honeybees that has over wintered successfully for many years.
		Hemlock can also be used to great advantage around the home, in hedges if the site is protected and to recreate some wild areas.
	www.macphailwoods.org /tree/hemlock.html (562 words)

	Eastern hemlock graphic Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eastern Hemlock Graphic are great for when you're looking to get better at eastern hemlock graphic for selfish purposes.
		Eastern tent caterpillar (ETC) populations are high in the Manistee National Forest, around Cadillac.
		Eastern hemlock Pinaceae Tsuga canadensis Leaf: Evergreen, 1/2 inch long, dark green in color, with 2 lines of white stomata below.
	eastern.2greatsite8.info /eastern-long-island/eastern-hemlock-graphic.html (198 words)

	Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Poison hemlock is a common European plant, Conium maculatum, family Apiaceae (formerly Umbelliferae); it is toxic, containing the alkaloid Coniine.
		Similar in appearance to hemlock is Queen Anne's Lace, with the exception that the latter features purpleish flowers in the center.
		Hemlock, Queen Anne's Lace, and Parsnip commonly grow in ditches in most temperate regions of the globe.
	www.fact-index.com /h/he/hemlock.html (211 words)

	John Bailey: Eastern Hemlock
		In Canada and the northeastern United States the soils under eastern hemlock tend to be shallow loams and silt loams, often over granite, gneiss, and slate bedrock.
		On sites in which Eastern White pine is a major component, the soils tend to be of a sandy texture, well mixed with humus, moist, and well drained.
		Eastern hemlock grows from sea level to about 2,400 feet in elevation in the northeastern and northern parts of its range.
	www.runet.edu /~jbailey2/bio335project/easternhemlock.html (606 words)

	Old Growth Foresty in Pennsylvania
		A remote grove of old growth eastern hemlock in 73 acres is found along a tributary of Bark Cabin Run.
		Old growth eastern hemlocks shade the headwaters of the East Branch of Big Run in a 186-acre mix of plant communities resulting from turn-of-the-century logging, fires and recent tornadoes.
		Eastern hemlock are found in the narrow gorge near the falls.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /wrcf/keynotes/summer99/growth.htm (702 words)

	Eastern Hemlock : Keele University Arboretum
		Hemlocks are closely related to spruces and their timber is mainly used in paper making.
		Eastern Hemlock was the first member of the genus known to Europeans and its name derives from the scent of the crushed foliage which is said to resemble that of the poisonous herb Hemlock Conium maculatum.
		In its native Eastern Canada and Appalachian Mountains it is a slender tree but in Britain where it is frequently planted - but not as often as Western hemlock - it forms a broad crown; as can be seen in the photograph.
	www.keele.ac.uk /university/arboretum/trees/eastern_hemlock.htm (234 words)

	Eastern Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Uses Hemlock is used for timbers and general construction, boxes and crates, railway ties and pulp.
		The hemlock's small cones are among the smallest of the pine family.
		Even today hemlock oil, distilled from the needles and twigs, is used in liniments.
	www.ostermiller.org /tree/easternhemlock.html (292 words)

	Eastern Hemlock - Atlantic Forestry Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hemlock has a graceful and dense crown with drooping branch tips.
		Hemlock grows in cool moist valleys, ravines, rocky ridges and other protected areas.
		Hemlock is an attractive, slow to moderate growing tree
	www.atl.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca /index-e/what-e/publications-e/afcpublications-e/maritimetrees-e/eastern-hemlock-e.html (183 words)

	Hemlock Decline Research @ CRSSA
		Infested hemlock branches appear to have tiny, cottony masses on the undersides of the twigs where the needle attaches to the twig.
		Defoliation of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carriere) forest caused mainly by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) was detected, quantified, and mapped for a 1,267 square kilometer study area in the New Jersey Highlands using anniversary dates of Landsat Thematic Mapper data (1984 and 1994).
		Of the 7,735 hectares of hemlock forest in 1984, 47% remained healthy to lightly defoliated, 44% had experienced moderate to severe defoliation, and 9% were dead by 1994.
	www.crssa.rutgers.edu /projects/hemlock (654 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Tsuga canadensis
		The cones of the Carolina Hemlock are longer (1 to 1.5 inches) than those of Eastern Hemlock (0.5 to 0.8 inches).
		Native Range: The northern limit of Eastern Hemlock extends from outliers in northeastern Minnesota and the western one-third of Wisconsin eastward through northern Michigan, south-central Ontario, extreme southern Quebec, through New Brunswick, and all of Nova Scotia.
		Habitat: Eastern Hemlock is widely distributed in the northern deciduous forests but is commonest in moist soils of deep woods.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/tsuga/Tcanad.htm (341 words)

	Eastern hemlock Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eastern Hemlock are great for when you're looking to get better at eastern hemlock for selfish purposes.
		If you need help locating eastern hemlock then you've come to the right place because we have all the eastern hemlock you could want.
		Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), also called Canada hemlock or hemlock spruce, is a slow-growing long-lived tree which unlike many trees grows
	eastern.2greatsite8.info /lennox-dealers-eastern-ma/eastern-hemlock.html (191 words)

	Search Results for hemlock - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The water hemlocks (Cicuta species) are similar and...
		Softwoods are by far the most numerous, led by species of balsam, spruce, hemlock, and pine;...
		Provides arguments for the resistance to the legalisation of assisted suicide, and presents briefs, media coverage and cases from the Supreme Court in support thereof.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=hemlock&ct= (398 words)

	Search for products to control Eastern Hemlock Looper (larvae) based upon pesticides registered in various states to ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eastern Hemlock Looper (larvae) is a 'pest' (an unwanted organism) that can be controlled through the use of pesticides.
		Pesticides, such as products to control Eastern Hemlock Looper (larvae), are regulated by State Departments of Agriculture.
		To find all products ever registered at EPA to control Eastern Hemlock Looper (larvae): www.kellysolutions.com/epadata (login as username: 'Guest' and password: 'Guest' - your results will be limited to 5 items).
	www.kellysolutions.com /searchpests/Eastern_Hemlock_Looper.htm (487 words)

	Stop #10, the Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis
		The Eastern hemlock was once a commercially important species, not so much for its wood, which is difficult to work, as it contains many knots, is brittle, and has a tendency to warp as it dries, but for the high tannin content of its bark.
		This graceful tree is very shade tolerant, and because of its leaf form and branching habit, can support greater amounts of snow than any other eastern Canadian tree species.
		The canopies formed by evergreens, particularly stands containing a high proportion of Eastern hemlock, intercept as much as sixty percent of each snowfall, providing an insulating blanket overhead with an area of shallow snow beneath.
	www.glfc.forestry.ca /arboretum/stop_10_e.html (176 words)

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