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Topic: Eastern Wolf

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	The Science Behind Algonquin's Animals - Research Projects - Eastern Wolf
		The Eastern Wolf is conspecific (belonging to the same species) with the Red Wolf (presently recognized as Canis rufus), a species that was extirpated from the wild in the southeastern United States.
		Research Habitat: Eastern Wolves are found throughout most of central Ontario and as far east as southern Quebec, as far north and West as Lake Nipigon, and as far south as the southern edge of the Canadian Shield in central Ontario.
		The idea that the wolf "population" in Algonquin (as a whole) was at risk of extinction because of human-caused mortality outside the Park assumed that wolves from western Algonquin were leaving the Park during winter, and being killed, at a similar rate as observed in the eastern half of the Park during the 1990s.
	sbaa.ca /projects.asp?cn=314 (3589 words)

	Eastern Canadian Wolf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Eastern Canadian Wolf, Canis lycaon, is a newly recognized wolf species identified as early as 1970.
		Eastern Canadian Wolves should not be mistaken for the Eastern Timber Wolf, Canis lupus lycaon.
		Status of the Eastern Wolf A PDF document outlining genetic research concerning the Eastern Canadian Wolf.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eastern_Canadian_Wolf (394 words)

	[No title]
		The wolf is potentially/indirectly affected by agricultural practices only to the extent that a practice may attract or repel concentrations of deer and other wildlife preyed on by the wolf; or affect concentrations of domestic livestock.
		Vegetative cover affects the wolf's survival in that it constitutes a factor in the welfare of the prey species on which the wolf depends, and vegetative cover is useful as a means of screening the wolf's presence from human pursuers or from the prey that the wolf pursues.
		Ecology of the timber wolf in northeastern Minnesota.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/esis/lists/e059001.htm (9626 words)

	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Gray Wolves in the Western Great Lakes States
		Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) in the Upper Midwest
		2004 - Proposal to delist the gray wolf Eastern Distinct Population Segment
		Gray wolf recovery in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/wolf (257 words)

	Gray Wolf Fact Sheet
		The gray wolf, including the eastern subspecies, the eastern timber wolf (Canis lupus lycaon), is a large animal.
		The eastern timber wolf, one of 32 subspecies of gray wolves, was found throughout the eastern United States and southeastern Canada.
		Wolf preservation and management efforts were enhanced in 1973 with the passage of the Endangered Species Act.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/wildlife/endspec/grwofs.html (752 words)

	The Wolf Page Of SXETHIC
		Grey wolf populations ranged in the hundreds of thousands and came in a variety of subspecies: the eastern timber wolf, midland wolf, north western wolf, Arctic wolf, and Mexican wolf which populated the countries Southwest.
		Eastern Wolf populations had disappeared long before the close of the 19th century.
		Minnesota now have a great respect for their wolf populations and have (as many states), set up centres, which act as local enclosures, museum exhibits, and field classes, which can be found dotted all across the northern states.
	www.angelfire.com /ok2/sxethic/wolf.html (1495 words)

	Maine Wolf Coalition - Wolf Facts
		Wolf occupied territories are some seventy five miles from the Maine border in and adjacent to the Laurentide Reserve in southern Quebec.
		The animal was identified as a wolf through DNA comparison with a known wolf from eastern Canada.
		Wolf related ecotourism (howling and tracking) is becoming increasingly popular in both the U.S. and Canada, such as in Quebec's Jacques-Cartier Provincial Park and Laurentide Reserve.
	home.acadia.net /mainewolf/facts.html (1472 words)

	Wolf Wars: Reports from the Front Lines, 2001
		A second wolf was found shot east of Solon Springs in Douglas County; an adult male was shot in southern Clark County; and the fourth, an adult male, was found south of the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in Juneau County.
		Wolf managers are continuing with ground trapping efforts to attempt to relocate one additional subadult and to collar other members of the pack so that they can monitor them with more accuracy.
		Though he arrived with a host of parasites, which are being treated, the wolf is destined to live the rest of his life in captivity once he cured of his illnesses, she said.
	wolfology1.tripod.com /id114.htm (10585 words)

	Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)
		Estimated at 20 animals in 1992, Michigan’s gray wolf population has grown to 361 animals in 2004, and the 2004-2005 winter count is expected to be even higher.
		Federal reclassification from endangered to threatened was finalized in 2003, while in Michigan, the gray wolf was reclassified to "threatened" in 2002.
		Prepared in 1978 and revised in 1992, the FWS Recovery Plan for the Eastern Timber Wolf called for a stable Minnesota population of between 1,250 and 1,400 wolves and a Michigan/Wisconsin population of at least 100 animals for five consecutive years.
	www.michigan.gov /dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12145_12205-32569--,00.html (1949 words)

	Gray Wolf - Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks
		The gray wolf was extirpated from the western United States during the 1900s, primarily due to loss of habitat and conflicts with people.
		Wolf populations in Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho grew rapidly and soon became a source for dispersers to Montana.
		By the end of 2002, the northern Rockies wolf population met the biological recovery criteria of at least 30 breeding pairs in the northern Rockies for three years in a row.
	fwp.mt.gov /wildthings/tande/wolf.html (1135 words)

	Eastern Timber Wolf
		Dispersers must be alert to entering other wolf packs' territories, and they must keep a constant vigil to avoid encounters with people, their major enemy.
		The wolf bounty was increased to $20 for adults and $10 for pups.
		While the wolf is tranquilized, researchers determine its sex, age, size and weight and take blood samples to help assess the wolf's health.
	www.timberwolfinformation.org /info/archieve/timber-wolf.html (2263 words)

	Park Watch -- Algonquin Wolf Backgrounder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Algonquin wolf population is arguably the best-studied wolf population in the world.
		The Algonquin wolf appears to be a species distinct from both the grey wolf and the coyote, formerly believed to be the only wild dog family members in Canada.
		The Algonquin wolf is the most genetically pure strain of this species remaining in North America, and currently acts as a barrier to the northward range expansion of the invasive coyote.
	www.wildlandsleague.org /awolfback.html (1475 words)

	Timber Wolf
		A wolf and other wild canids usually places its hind foot in the track left by the front foot, whereas a dog's front and hind foot tracks usually do not overlap each other.
		A female wolf pup trapped in the eastern part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, died from a vehicle collision near Johnson Creek in Jefferson County, Wisconsin in March 2001, about 300 miles from her home territory.
		The wolf bounty was increased to $20 for adults and $10 for pups.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/land/er/factsheets/mammals/Wolf.htm (2849 words)

	Eastern Timber Wolf -- Kids' Planet -- Defenders of Wildlife
		Today the eastern timber wolf survives in only three percent of its original home range in the U.S. The largest population exists in northern Minnesota.
		Subspecies of the gray wolf, which is the largest member of the canine family and ancestor of the dog.
		The eastern timber wolf once ranged from New England Range to the Great Lakes and through southeastern Canada to the Hudson Bay.
	www.kidsplanet.org /factsheets/eastern_timber_wolf.html (367 words)

	Wolf Song of Alaska: Red Wolf
		The Florida and Mississippi subspecies of red wolf are similar to the eastern gray wolf (Canis lupus lycaon) in size and general proportions.
		Since the law, to legally shoot a wolf on private property, was passed in two counties of North Carolina in January 1995, by the spring, four wolves had been shot, one trapped and drowned, and a sixth was captured by biologists at the request of a citizen.
		The red wolf would not be considered a species under this definition because it is able to successfully interbreed with the coyote and gray wolf.
	www.wolfsongalaska.org /red_wolf.html (4887 words)

	International Wolf Center Wolf Basics - Gray Wolf Timeline
		It is later suspected that parvo caused a drastic decline in the wolf population on Isle Royale and possibly throughout the region.
		A series of studies suggested that human-caused wolf mortality, as indexed by road density and thus human access, was the primary factor limiting the distribution and abundance of wolves in the Great Lakes region.
		A wolf which was trapped and radio-collared in Michigan in 1999 dispersed to Missouri, where it was mistaken for a coyote and killed.
	www.wolf.org /wolves/learn/basic/history/gray_timeline.asp (1847 words)

	International Wolf Center Intermediate Wolf Information
		The eastern timber wolf (Canis lupus lycaon) was the first subspecies of the gray wolf, Canis lupus, to be recognized in the United States.
		Like all wolves, the eastern timber wolf is a very social animal which communicates using body language, scent marking, and vocalization.
		The eastern timber wolf was virtually exterminated by the early 1900s throughout its historic range in the northeastern United States.
	www.wolf.org /wolves/learn/intermed/inter_gray/timber.asp (381 words)

	Wildlife Techologies--Northeastern Coyotes
		The eastern coyotes or "Tweed wolves" found in the region have been shown to be hybrids between the western coyotes that reached the area earlier last century and the eastern Canadian wolf.
		In eastern Canada, an area invaded b coyotes in the last 100 years, several genotypes identical or very similar to those found in coyotes were discovered in individuals phenotypically identified as gray wolves.
		Because hybridization was thought to occur between the two species as the red wolf became rare, the presence of the coyote-derived genotypes in captive red wolves could represent an accident of sampling and not be representative of the ancestral population.
	www.wildlifetech.com /pages/necoyote.htm (4743 words)

	NPWRC :: Wolf Restoration to the Adirondacks
		In the case of the wolf, this confusion was addressed in Nowak's (1995) revision of wolf taxonomy in North America.
		In the case of the wolf, teams were established at first for each of the 24 wolf subspecies that may still have had members remaining in the 48 contiguous states, including the eastern timber wolf (Canis lupus lycaon), the Mexican wolf (C.
		Thus the Eastern Timber Wolf Recovery Team, which had examined the status of this race of wolf in all its former range, had decided that the best region in which to promote wolf recovery was Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/mammals/wolfrest/subspec.htm (710 words)

	Wolves, deer and wild ginseng A healthy Eastern wolf population could help the wild ginseng to flourish in Eastern ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		One of his passions is protecting wolves, especially the Eastern wolf which ranges from Pukaskwa National Park, on the north shore of Lake Superior, eastward to Algonquin Park, and then into Quebec.
		Nevertheless, MNR's promotional material for out-of-province visitors describes wolf hunting as an "exciting" recreational activity, despite the fact that the committee has declared the Eastern wolf to be a species of special concern under Ottawa's species-at-risk legislation.
		The Eastern Ontario Model Forest arranged for the seedlings, and 68,000 trees were planted.
	www.talkaboutpets.com /group/alt.wolves/messages/56484.html (1878 words)

	Update on Eastern Idaho wolf packs
		There is a wolf pack the ranges along the Salmon River Breaks from about Owl Creek to Horse Creek.
		This pack is the only wolf pack to regularly use the Sawtooth Valley and Stanley Basin, some of the most scenic mountain valleys in the West.
		The habits of wolf packs will change along with those of elk and deer as the burn regenerates, although for now the general pattern of the pack's movements seem to be similar as before the fire.
	www.forwolves.org /ralph/eastern-idaho-wolf-update-oct05.htm (2512 words)

	Digimorph - Canis lupus lycaon (gray wolf)
		In North America, the gray wolf is endangered in Mexico and the 48 conterminous states of the U.S. except for Minnesota, where it is threatened.
		Conservation efforts are attempting to combat habitat destruction, competition with humans for livestock, hybridization with domestic dogs, and persecution because of public misunderstanding of the nature of the gray wolf.
		This is not surprising given that several populations of the gray wolf lineage gave rise to the domestic dog.
	digimorph.org /specimens/Canis_lupus_lycaon (956 words)

	Lupine News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The researchers have identified a third type of canid, an eastern wolf-coyote (Canis latrans) hybrid, an animal that may go on to mate with an eastern wolf or a coyote, making for a genetic mix that is hard to classify.
		This hybrid animal we call the eastern coyote has filled the niche of the wolf in New York state; it kills deer and beaver yet keeps some of the resourcefulness of the western coyote, namely the ability to survive under diverse conditions on a variety of foods.
		The suspect wolf or wolf pack is thought to be separate from the animal in the Jasurda attack.The recent attacks won't do anything to quell anti-wolf sentiment in the area.
	www.wolfechovalley.com /id38.html (9196 words)

	Wolves Ontario! Media Releases
		Wolf biologists estimate that at least 500 km2 is needed to ensure the viability of a wolf population because of their large territorial requirements.
		Genetic studies reveal that the Eastern wolf (Canis lycaon) is a distinct species from the Gray wolf (Canis lupus) and a close relative of the highly endangered Red wolf (Canis rufus).
		The radio-collared wolf was part of a study conducted by Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources scientists to evaluate the impact of a temporary moratorium on wolf killing in all townships adjacent to Algonquin Park.
	wolvesontario.org /wolves/media (15693 words)

	Eastern Timber Wolf
		As the climate warmed, the prey of the Dire Wolf became extinct, resulting in the extinction of the Dire Wolf itself.
		Because of wolf attacks on sheep, bounties of up to $15 were paid for wolf skins in Ohio.
		By the time the wolf was protected by the Endangered Species Act in 1973, they had been almost completely exterminated from the lower 48 states, with the exception of Minnesota.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1132 (566 words)

	Eastern Timber Wolf -- Life Tracks
		A female wolf trapped near Ely, Minnesota in 1993 was killed by a vehicle near Portage, Wisconsin in August 1994; a distance of over 350 miles from her original home.
		Studies since 1979 have shown that four to twenty-eight wolf packs, ranging from 15 to 105 animals, roamed portions of central and northern Wisconsin.
		The timber wolf is listed as an endangered species in Wisconsin by both the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1974) and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (1975).
	www.timberwolfinformation.org /kidsonly/wolfweb/wolf.htm (2136 words)

	Species at risk - Eastern Wolf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Eastern Wolf is a smaller form of the grey wolf.
		The Eastern Wolf is found mainly in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence regions of Quebec and Ontario.
		The Eastern Wolf inhabits deciduous and mixed forests in the southern part of its range, and mixed and coniferous forests further north.
	www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca /search/speciesDetails_e.cfm?SpeciesID=608 (456 words)

	The BoomerWolf Page - What are the types of wolves?
		This wolf occurs throughout the Eurasian tundra and forest-tundra from Finland eastward to the Kamchaika Peninsula.
		The steppe wolf is a small wolf inhabiting the deserts and steppes of Central Asia.
		This is the wolf that once occurred throughout Europe and the entire forest of Russia.
	www.boomerwolf.com /types.htm (302 words)

	Eastern Canadian wolves
		The origin of the red wolf has been debated extensively, as some biologists believe that it is simply a gray wolf/ coyote hybrid.
		It has been proposed that red wolves originally inhabited the forests of eastern North America from the Gulf of Mexico up to southern Canada, and that after settlers had wiped out central populations of the wolves, the southern animals were labeled as red wolves and the northern ones (mistakenly) were labeled as gray wolves.
		In addition, these studies suggest that the red wolf could be a valid species after all, and not a coyote/gray wolf hybrid or even a subspecies of gray wolf.
	www.ualberta.ca /~jzgurski/lycaon.htm (891 words)

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