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	Ebenezer Howard - Conservapedia
		Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) was a British writer who developed and popularised the idea of the Garden City, and was a huge influence on town planners in the western world for most of the twentieth century.
		Howard emigrated to the United States in 1871, living in Nebraska and Chicago, but returned to London in 1876, working as a clerk and sometime Parliamentary reporter.
		Howard was unable to gain support for further new town foundations after 1903 until 1920, when he acquired an estate near Welwyn in Hertfordshire and commenced construction of Welwyn Garden City.
	www.conservapedia.com /index.php?title=Ebenezer_Howard&printable=yes (550 words)

	Ebenezer Howard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ebenezer Howard (1850 - 1928) was a prominent British urban planner.
		Howard travelled to America from England at the age of 21, moved to Nebraska, and soon discovered that he was not meant to be a farmer.
		Howard was an enthusiastic speaker of Esperanto, often using the language to give speeches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ebenezer_Howard (487 words)

	Sir Ebenezer Howard - Early life, Influences and ideas, Action
		Ebenezer Howard (1850 - 1928) was a prominent British urban planner.
		Howard travelled to America from England at the age of 21, moved to Nebraska, and soon discovered that he was not meant to be a farmer.
		Howard was an enthusiastic speaker of Esperanto, often using the language to give speeches.
	encyclopedia.stateuniversity.com /pages/20336/Sir-Ebenezer-Howard.html (456 words)

	Abstract of the thesis
		Ebenezer Howard is famous because he invented a solution to urban and country problems which came to be called 'garden cities'.
		Howard's book led to the creation of the profession of town and country planning, it stimulated urban programmes in Britain and other countries which house millions of people, and it has encouraged several generations to take more care of the physical environment than they would otherwise have been insipired to do.
		Ebenezer Howard's Garden City is today often identified with the 'garden suburb' style development that followed in the wake of Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker's designs for Letchworth, but the implications of Howard's ideas on physical form were very different.
	www.es.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp /lep/thesis/98D_murakami-e.html (1476 words)

	Ebenezer Howard@Everything2.com
		Ebenezer Howard developed most of his ideas living in Victorian England, where overcrowding was commonplace.
		On the first page of his book, Ebenezer introduces his idea of the "Three Magnets"; the attraction of living in the country, the attraction of living in the city, and the attraction of living in a new garden city.
		As Ebenezer Howard envisioned it, a garden city would be a "clustered city" with multiple town centres, each with a population under 5,000 people.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=1074656 (642 words)

	Search Results for "Ebenezer"
		...Erskine, Ebenezer, (ur´skin) (KEY), 1680-1754, founder of the Secession Church in Scotland, minister of Portmoak, Kinross-shire (1703) and of Stirling (1731).
		It is a garden city, founded by Ebenezer Howard in 1920.
		As formulated by Sir Ebenezer Howard, the garden city was intended to bring together the economic...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col65&query=Ebenezer (243 words)

	William Morris Society: Florence S. Boos, "News from Nowwhere and Garden Cities"
		Howard always maintained that his principal aim was not to create self-contained suburban idylls, but to foster feasible modes of regional planning that would benefit middle-class and poor alike.
		Howard's intention "that there should be unity of design and purpose-that the town should be planned as a whole" (51) remains now the ground-aspiration of its field, though it has been distorted by economic pressures and political compromises of every conceivable kind.
		Howard never specified in further detail how these should be aggregated, in turn (not a trivial planning question), but did remark that an area's component towns should be connected by railways and share any cultural and commercial benefits conferred by such aggregation.
	www.morrissociety.org /agregation.boos.html (7990 words)

	COMM 149 - Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities
		This brief excerpt from Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities of To-Morrow provides a backdrop for city planning examples such as Greendale and Levittown.
		In this goal, Howard reflects the ideal in American public life to establish a harmonious relationship between the machine and garden.
		As Howard puts it: "This plan, or if the reader be pleased to so term it, this absence of plan, avoids the dangers of stagnation or dead level, and through encouraging individual initiative, permits of the fullest co-operation" (p.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/wooda/149/149syllabus9howard.html (641 words)

	COMM 149 - Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities
		This brief excerpt from Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities of To-Morrow provides a backdrop for city planning examples such as Greendale and Levittown.
		In this goal, Howard reflects the ideal in American public life to establish a harmonious relationship between the machine and garden.
		As Howard puts it: "This plan, or if the reader be pleased to so term it, this absence of plan, avoids the dangers of stagnation or dead level, and through encouraging individual initiative, permits of the fullest co-operation" (p.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/wooda/149/149syllabus9howard.html (641 words)

	Sir Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City Movement
		Howard in his own book thought that his Garden City should be a private enterprise, though he did think that parliamentary powers would be necessary for a larger project.
		The reason for the town was "to raise the standard of health and comfort of all true workers of whatever grade," this being similar to the utopian city "Hygeia" in 1875 of Dr. Benjamin Ward Richardson which had a population of 100,000 in 20,000 houses on 4,000 acres.
		One reason why Sir Ebenezer Howard's book failed to engage the attention of political and sociological experts at the time of its publication was because of his limited knowledge in the field in which he was to make such a distinguished contribution.
	www.rickmansworthherts.freeserve.co.uk /howard1.htm (3630 words)

	E. HOWARD, GARDEN CITIES OF TO-MORROW
		Howard's ideas attracted enough attention and financial backing to begin Letchworth, the pioneering venture of what he hoped would become a mass movement.
		Howard was no designer, and he stated that the plan for a town on an actual site would doubtless depart from the one he described.
		Howard's emphasis on the importance of a permanent girdle of open and agricultural land around the town soon became part of British planning doctrine that eventually developed almost into dogma.
	www.library.cornell.edu /Reps/DOCS/howard.htm (2895 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		Howard hoped that this would lead to the development of a strong sense of community (Aalen 1992).
		A critical difference between Howard’s plan and those developed by the American planners had to do with the primary means of transportation available within the community.
		In keeping with Howard’s concept, Greber assumed that the satellite cities would develop their own independent economies and industries, thus avoiding reliance on the central city of Ottawa as a source of employment.
	homepage.usask.ca /~akkerman/geog346/gardncity/fullerton.htm (3215 words)

	Journal of the American Planning Association: Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City. (founder of the Garden City ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Journal of the American Planning Association; 3/22/1998; Lapping, Mark B. Ebenezer Howard is considered an enigmatic figure as he was acknowledged the originator of balanced urban planning yet is excluded from the roster of recognized UK town planners and remembered in some quarters as an allegedly anti-urban intellectual.
		Howard towards the close of the 19th century envisioned a metropolitan expansion to the suburbs in terms of a garden city under municipal ownership that would synthesize town and countryside.
		Ebenezer Howard, wrote George Bernard Shaw shortly after Howard's death, was a "heroic simpleton (Beevers 1988).
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:20750212&... (202 words)

	The Measures Taken: Revolution in the Garden
		Howard had done his maths, and set down precisely in his book how much it would cost for people to band together and purchase an area of land for the experiment, and how much the city would cost to run and maintain.
		Ebenezer Howard’s brainchild in the town, the collective house at Homesgarth, would become the unacknowledged basis for a new kind of city-block.
		I think what Ebenezer Howard 'invented' was the idea that planning and building a city could produce a surplus that could be shared between workers and capitalists.
	themeasurestaken.blogspot.com /2007/04/revolution-in-garden.html (4870 words)

	Ebenezer Howard , Biography and the Beginnings of the Garden City (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Howard observed that all parties no matter how opposed politically, socially or by religious beliefs were virtually united by one issue, the continued stream migration from country districts to the already overcrowded cities.
		Howard immediately began apply his practical brain to the Utopian dream that had inspired him and by combining elements of various projects and concepts, refining theories and philosophies that he came to develop his own master plan published in 1898 "Tomorrow a Peaceful Path to Real Reform"
		Howard however began lecturing around the country and by June 1899 enough interest had been aroused in his ideas for the Garden City Association to be inaugurated.
	www.letchworthgardencity.net /heritage/index-3.htm (2559 words)

	Are Garden Cities Still Relevant? - 1998 APA Proceedings
		After 100 years, Ebenezer's Howard's proposal for Garden Cities is as irrelevant as it was in 1898.
		Howard proposed municipal land ownership as a way of capturing the value of community investment in infrastructure and public facilities.
		Ebenezer Howard's utopian vision may have been rejected by the public, but it is still very much alive in academia.
	design.asu.edu /apa/proceedings98/Garvin/garvin.html (1506 words)

	Untitled Document
		Ebenezer Howard was a trained stenographer, an unlikely progenitor of ideas which would have a global influence on urban development.
		Howard was born and raised in London, and saw at first-hand the dreadful overcrowding and social problems that afflicted the city.
		It is wellnight universally agreed by men of all parties, not only in England, but all over Europe and America and our colonies that it is deeply to be deplored that the people should continue to stream into the already overcrowded cities, and should thus furher deplete the country districts.
	hkuhist2.hku.hk /history/firstyear/Pomfret/gardencities.htm (1259 words)

	Ebenezer Howard - PS776 Class Project
		Howard was not much of a farmer and, so after a year of effort, he moved on to Chicago.
		Howard might well have been characterized as one of those people who had his head in the clouds but his feet on the earth.
		Decisions were made in answer to the quandaries; however, as the garden city moved from the clouds to the ground, its focus shifted from being aimed at social improvement to being an experiment in good city planning.
	www.uky.edu /Classes/PS/776/Projects/Howard/howard.htm (2697 words)

	Sir Ebenezer Howard - FREE Sir Ebenezer Howard Biography \| Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures, Information!
		Sir Ebenezer Howard - FREE Sir Ebenezer Howard Biography
		Sir Ebenezer Howard 1850-1928, English town planner, principal founder of the English garden-city movement.
		TCPA to host debate on the continuing relevance of Ebenezer Howard.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-HowardEb.html (984 words)

	List of people by name: How - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Howard, Catherine, (1525-1542), fifth wife of Henry VIII of England
		Howard, Curly, (1903-1952), actor, comedian, member of the Three Stooges
		Howard, Ron, (born 1954), US actor and film director
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_people_by_name:_How (171 words)

	Ebenezer’s Magnets: A Dream Realized
		Howard saw that the economic way to change the slums of London was to buy land where it was cheap and build a town in such a way that slums could not develop.
		Ebenezer Howard supported his argument by developing the idea of three magnets that exerted attraction on people.
		It is the embodiment of Howard’s dream “in which all the advantages of the most energetic and active town life, with all the beauty and delight of the country, may be secured in perfect combination.
	www.arabnews.com /?page=9§ion=0&article=28439&d=6&m=7&y=2003 (1241 words)

	Letchworthgc.com : About Letchworth
		In 1898, Ebenezer Howard, appalled at the very unpleasant living and working conditions in the late 19th Century towns and cities, wrote a book outlining his ideas for a completely new way of living.
		Ebenezer Howard believed that the very best of both town and country life should be married together in small Garden Cities, each with its own greenbelt.
		Howard's vision became a blueprint for new communities across the globe.
	www.letchworthgc.com /aboutletchworth/index.html (496 words)

	Garden City Utopia Ebenezer Howard
		Ebenezer Howard is recognised as a pioneer of town planning throughout the industrial world; and Britain's New Towns, deriving from the garden cities he founded are his monument.
		He was first and foremost a social reformer, and his garden city was intended to be merely the first step towards a new social and industrial order based on the common ownership of land.
		By 1902 Howard's ideas had attracted wide interest, and a new town Letchworth was in process of planning.
	www.oliviapress.co.uk /gcu.htm (250 words)

	Garden Cities of To-morrow Index
		Howard was a 19th century British reformer and city planner.
		Howard strove to keep a balance between the community and individual needs, and to operate within the framework of Capitalism, rather than rejecting or attempting to replace it.
		In the history of planned societies, Ebenezer Howard stands out as one of the successes, even though he is little-known other than to architects and urban planners.
	www.sacred-texts.com /utopia/gcot/index.htm (301 words)

	Letchworth Garden City - the town built on a book: A bibliography
		Ebenezer Howard offered the world his vision of a new type of planned "city", which combined both the joys of the countryside and the comforts of the town (the "Three Magnets").
		This would be a town without a slum where people could live and work in a pleasant environment and take pride in their surroundings Virtually independent, managed and financed by citizens who had an economic interest in the town, it would be built and run to benefit the whole community.
		Howard's ideas were subsequently used to create other "garden cities" and later "new towns" in Great Britain and across the world.
	www.angelfire.com /nb/letchworth (253 words)

	Book calls for three new garden cities
		THREE new garden cities, based on the model first envisaged by Ebenezer Howard 100 years ago, are proposed for the south of England in a book published next week.
		The book, Sociable Cities: the Legacy of Ebenezer Howard, has been written by Sir Peter Hall, chairman of the Town and Country Planning Association, and Colin Ward to coincide with a conference to celebrate the centenary of Ebenezer Howard's book, Garden Cities of To-Morrow, on Oct 9.
		What is often forgotten, he says, is that Howard said you should build several of these garden cites around a larger conurbation and linked with a light railway, so that you could seek work or go shopping somewhere else if you wanted to.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/10/02/newc102.html (509 words)

	Featured Topics from the Collection: Garden Cities
		Howard believed that these towns should be limited in size and density, and surround with a belt of undeveloped land.
		The Effect of Sir Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City Movement on Twentieth Century Town Planning.
		This is the electronic version of a 1973 book by urban planner Norman Lucey on Ebenezer Howard and his influence on Twentieth Century urban planning.
	www.lib.umd.edu /NTL/gardencities.html (852 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 2001007421 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Howard's legacy grew throughout the twentieth century in garden cities, suburbs, and green towns a century later, architects and planners are still motivated by his ideas.
		Following a biographical essay, three articles trace the influence of Howard's ideas on the development of the modern metropolis, while another four address his concepts regarding the arrangement of housing and community life and show how they have influenced subsequent development.
		The contributors focus on the timeless significance of Howard's ideas about limits to growth, the effectiveness of agricultural greenbelts in growth management, and the use of physical space to promote human interaction, as well as the relevance of Howard's work to the New Urbanism and sustainability movements.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/jhu051/2001007421.html (358 words)

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