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Topic: Ebonics

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	Black English Vernacular (Ebonics) and Educability
		The Oakland Public Unified School Board's recent attention to Ebonics, or Black English Vernacular, as one of the main causes of the scholastic shortcomings of Black youth has opened yet another controversial chapter in an ongoing national debate on the educability (that is, the ability to learn) of Black youth in America's inner cities.
		Ebonics, a term introduced by Black linguists in the mid-1970s, refers not only to a particular grammar and syntax, but also to paralinguistic (i.e., noises such as laughing and crying) and gestural (movement) features of African American communication.
		However, students cannot overcome the limitations of Ebonics as a communications device for coping in the larger society unless their teachers are able to effectively translate (both for themselves and their students) Black English Vernacular into standard English (and vice versa) -- and translate not only words and phrases, but also concepts and cognitive structures.
	www.aawc.com /ebonicsarticle.html (4860 words)

	Introduction
		Ebonics is spoken in a variety of dialects throughout North America, and possibly the world.
		Ebonics is their own language, and can be thought of as a "new beginning" here in America, instead of a constant reminder of the pain and torture suffered by their ancestors.
		Ebonics is a cultural tradition, and African-Americans should be given the same respect for their heritage as other minority groups have been given.
	www.unc.edu /~jdumas/projects/ebonics.htm (2138 words)

	African American Vernacular English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the late 1990s, the formal recognition of AAVE ("Ebonics") as a distinct lect and its proposed use as an educational tool to help fl students become more fluent in SAE became a controversial subject in the United States.
		The Oakland resolution declared that Ebonics was not English, and was not an Indo-European language at all, asserting that the speech of fl children belonged to "West and Niger-Congo African Language Systems".
		Opinions on Ebonics still run the gamut from advocacy of official language status in the United States to denigration as "poor English".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ebonics (3378 words)

	WowEssays.com - Ebonics
		Ebonics The United States is filled with many different ethnicities, cultures, customs, languages, etc. Supposedly, our public schools are equipped with classes, teachers, curriculums and materials in order to educate that part of the student population whose first language is something other than the English language.
		Ebonics is a form of communication of feelings, thoughts, opinions and ideas at is being used by our students in the classroom who feel very comfortable using ebonics because they are accustomed to express themselves in that way.
		Faull's (1997) views are that students who speak ebonics are similar to bilingual students who switch from his or her native language to American English and back again, and a student who speaks ebonics should be able to follow the same pattern as the bilinguals.
	www.wowessays.com /dbase/af4/lvw97.shtml (2773 words)

	Ebonics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The word "Ebonics" stems from a combination of "ebony" and "phonics." Translated literally, Ebonics means "fl sounds." Recently, the issue of Ebonics in public schools has been raised.
		Educating teachers to speak Ebonics in the classrooms is worse for the students.
		Ebonics is only English for the uneducated, and should not be used in any educational environment.
	www.largesock.com /writing/webonics.html (463 words)

	Ebonics lowers English standards
		The real mockery of Ebonics is that the main concern is over who will foot the bill to recognize it and who will finance instructors to learn how to use Ebonics in bridging the gap between mainstream English language and the street dialect.
		Ebonics advocators Toni Cook, of the Oakland School District, and Barbara Boudreaux, of the Los Angeles Unified School District, claim training for teachers in Ebonics is essential for education, while the majority of African-Americans contend that Ebonics is a joke; they are appalled to link Ebonics with an African heritage.
		Ebonics is essentially `hood dialect, and it would be a mistake to revere it as anything more.
	www.usc.edu /student-affairs/dt/V130/N21/01-ebonic.21v.html (894 words)

	Ebonics
		While arguing that Ebonics was not the source of Afro-American students’ writing problems (since very few Ebonics features appeared in the students’ writing), she also concluded that many of these "students have not mastered the art of using voice to draw their readers into the writing" (p.
		For an Ebonics speaker to speak and write in SCE is simultaneously a cultural as well as a cognitive challenge in the present political context.
		To explain the pattern of Ebonics speakers losing their voice when writing in SCE necessitates that one look not only at the relationship of identity to culture and identity to language structure, but also at the role language plays in defining the position of individuals in our society.
	www.educationanddemocracy.org /Emery/Emery_Ebonics.htm (12407 words)

	Ebonics
		Ebonics is a marker of ethnic identity and also a symbol of youth culture like rap.
		The features of Ebonics are more common in informal speech than in formal speech and it is more common among working-class than among middle-class speakers (Rickford).
		Some of the distinct features of Ebonics, like the conjugated verb "be" or the consonant cluster reduction at the end of words, are some of the reasons why many inner-city African American children have problems at school.
	www.eng.umu.se /city/Malin/ebonics.htm (1212 words)

	Do You Speak American . Sea to Shining Sea . American Varieties . AAVE . Ebonics \| PBS
		Ebonics is greatly misunderstood, largely because of how it gained global attention during a racially charged education controversy in Oakland, California.
		Ebonics is the equivalent of Black English and is considered to be a dialect of English (Tolliver-Weddington 1979).
		Ebonics is the antonym of Black English and is considered to be a language other than English (Smith 1997).
	www.pbs.org /speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/AAVE/ebonics (1868 words)

	Nothing's Funny About Ebonics
		Some criticism of Ebonics stems from a mistaken belief that fl children will be taught to speak "bad English." In fact, studies show that once students understand the structural differences between Ebonics and standard English, they begin to demonstrate a greater proficiency in standard English and to minimize their use of Ebonics.
		Enter Ebonics, the name given to a language predicated on a West African linguistic structure with a phonology, morphology and syntax that exist as a systematic and predictable pattern of African American speech.
		In Oakland, Ebonics is an integral part of a new philosophy of education, called for by parents themselves, which recognizes that any teaching technique that demeans, degrades, denigrates or destroys the self-esteem of fl children is of no benefit to them.
	www.englishfirst.org /ebonics/ebonpro.htm (771 words)

	Daily Egyptian: 01/28/97: EDITORIAL: Ebonics closes gaps between cultures, educational systems (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, Ebonics is a way for educators to tear down barriers that separate the language and standard English.
		Teaching English through Ebonics is the result of a failed education system and negligence on the part of parents who did not teach their children standard English.
		Instead of Ebonics being a curse on educators, it is a blessing -- a way to close the gap between cultural and racial differences.
	www.dailyegyptian.com /spring97/012897/edit0128.html (520 words)

	Ebonics stirs public debate (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Derived from the words "ebony" and "phonics," ebonics recognizes distinct language patterns of African-American street dialect as a language.
		Ebonics has caught the attention of commentators, political pundits and late-night talk show hosts, as well as academic circles.
		Boudreaux has announced that she plans on introducing a similar ebonics resolution next week, although she plans to focus on gaining additional funds to help language development for fl students.
	www.usc.edu /student-affairs/dt/V130/N02/01-ebonics.02c.html (556 words)

	EBONICS, Quick Term Papers, Term papers, 051016 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It also examines how detractors of Ebonics do not feel that Ebonics is a legitimate language or dialect and have consistently attempted to thwart all efforts of legitimizing the language due to its supposed lack of "educational benefits".
		Ebonics is a language with its own rules, and not slang or inferior English.
		This paper examines the role of Ebonics in cultural identity in an effort to determine whether or not Ebonics should be implemented in classrooms or curricula.
	www.quicktermpapers.com /lib/essay?A=netessays&KEYW=ebonics (812 words)

	Panel emphasizes value of Ebonics as teaching aid - February 28, 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ebonics is a legitimate language that can be used as an effective tool for teaching African American students, panelists agreed last night during a forum discussion.
		Ebonics came to the forefront of a national debate in December when the Oakland, Calif. Board of Education adopted a program that uses Ebonics to teach standard English.
		Proponents of Ebonics argue that the speech patterns many African American students bring to the classroom are derived from Niger-Congo and West African languages.
	wildcat.arizona.edu /papers/90/107/08_1_m.html (483 words)

	Ebonics Notes and Discussion
		The term was first used in a book called "Ebonics: The true language of Black folks," by Robert L. Williams (1975).
		But it also has very systematic differences in its grammatical and phonological subsystems, and these are sufficient, I think, to present a stumbling block in the teaching of reading and writing which White kids, and kids of many other ethnicities, do not have to overcome.
		Oakland's decision to take it into account in the teaching of standard English (note that this is the aim, and NOT the teaching of Ebonics or AAVE per se as the California State superintendent and others seem to have misinterpreted it) is a bold and innovative step which deserves commendation and support.
	www.stanford.edu /~rickford/ebonics/EbonicsExamples.html (1177 words)

	Ebonics Q&A
		Ebonics is a language system characteristic of certain speech communities in the United States, especially (but not exclusively) African American communities in urban areas and the South.
		One, called the 'dialectal hypothesis', asserts that Ebonics is a dialect of English, which evolved, as all dialects do, through a history of social and geographic separation of its speakers from speakers of other varieties of English.
		In this sense, Ebonics might be said to be genetically related to other dialects of English, under both the dialectal and creole theories of origin (since creoles are mixtures of languages, and one of the languages contributing to the original African creole was English).
	cla.calpoly.edu /~jrubba/Ebonics.html (2120 words)

	LSA: About Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ebonics pronunciation includes features like the omission of the final consonant in words like 'past' (pas') and 'hand' (han'), the pronunciation of the th in 'bath' as t (bat) or f (baf), and the pronunciation of the vowel in words like 'my' and 'ride' as a long ah (mah, rahd).
		Many members of the public seem to have heard, too, that Ebonics speakers use an 'invariant' be in their speech (as in "They be goin to school every day"); however, this be is not simply equivalent to is or are.
		Other linguists are drawn to the similarities between Ebonics and Caribbean Creole English varieties, for instance, the fact that both frequently drop is and are, and that both permit dropping word initial d, b, and g in tense-aspect markers (Caribbean examples include habitual/progressive (d)a, past tense (b)en, and future (g)on).
	www.lsadc.org /info/ling-faqs-ebonics.cfm (1219 words)

	Todd's Views: Ebonics Jokes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ebonics is not a language, it's a DIALECT.
		If I understand correctly, the Ebonics program in the Oakland schools was never intended as an excuse to teach kids to speak bad English, but a way to level the playing ground a bit by making African-American students feel understood.
		Think about whether they portray Ebonics as the language of the stupid; whether they portray the speaker of Ebonics as part of the criminal element or having little or no moral fiber.
	www.tgrigsby.com /views/ebonics.htm (262 words)

	Ebonics
		The research on Ebonics suggests that it is not slang, but that it has a distinct structure all its own.
		Resistance to the acknowledgment that Blacks who use Ebonics may be speaking a unique language is very strong, but I believe it is important to challenge the belief that Ebonics is "slang".
		The systematic de-valuation of Ebonics in American society is consistent with the de-valuation of African-Americans in general, and must be addressed.
	www.princeton.edu /~browning/news/rush.html (701 words)

	Ebonics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The research on Ebonics suggests that it is not slang, but that it has a distinct structure all its own.
		Resistance to the acknowledgment that Blacks who use Ebonics may be speaking a unique language is very strong, but I believe it is important to challenge the belief that Ebonics is "slang".
		The systematic de-valuation of Ebonics in American society is consistent with the de-valuation of African-Americans in general, and must be addressed.
	www.wooster.edu /psychology/lrush/ebonics.html (701 words)

	Black History - EBONICS & BLACK MUSIC
		Ebonics (Black street slang) has been in the news quite a bit lately because of the decision made by the Oakland, CA school board to bring it to the schools.
		This lady made clear that she is not in favor of "teaching ebonics in the school." Her point is that teachers in schools where the preponderance of students grew up inhome atmospheres of ebonic communication should themselves (the teachers) be well versed in ebonics.
		Accepting or tolerating ebonics (improper english) in school by africans and demanding that whites speak the "king's english" is unfair to Africans.
	www.soul-patrol.com /funk/ebonics.htm (3184 words)

	Project 21 New Visions: Ebonics Slang No Substitute for Standard English - August 2002
		According to some fl academics and race warlords, "Ebonics" is derived from one of three potential sources: 1) an African language passed on among fls, 2) a vocabulary derived from encounters between African slaves and Irish immigrants or 3) a new dialect created since the 1960s by young fls to separate themselves from whites.
		Ebonics somewhat parallels southern slang, probably because so many fls migrated to other parts of the country from the south.
		One reason why students are having problems in school these days is because educators are allowing distractions like Ebonics to become the focus of education as opposed to removing it from the classroom.
	www.nationalcenter.org /P21NVKingEbonics802.html (744 words)

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