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Topic: Ebullism

	Explosive Decompression and Vacuum Exposure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This evolution of water vapor will cause marked swelling of the body to perhaps twice its normal volume unless it is restrained by a pressure suit.
		Tam Czarnik, "Ebullism at 1 Million Feet: Surviving Rapid/Explosive Decompression" (unpublished review, 1999).
		For more technical details, a paper discussing the medical effects of sudden vacuum exposure on a human, and discussing the emergency medical response to a decompression emergency, can be found in Dr. Tam Czarnik's paper Ebullism at 1 Million Feet.
	puna.net.nz /archives/Encyclopedia/vacuum.html (3040 words)

	EBULLISM AT 1 MILLION FEET
		This paper outlines the history of Man’s struggle with altitude, examines the known pathophysiology of Ebullism, explores the measures taken to improve survival in the Shuttle era, and investigates the state-of-the-art in treatment of rapid/explosive decompression.
		While the conditions necessary for ebullism are present at an altitude of roughly 63,000 feet (referred to as the Armstrong Line), variations in the body’s temperature and pressure can allow this to occur as low as 55,000 feet (2); thus, the ‘line’ is perhaps better thought of as a band (3).
		Cardiovascular Myocardial damage associated with ebullism is caused by stretching of the myocardium and anoxia (11).
	www.sff.net /people/Geoffrey.Landis/ebullism.html (3104 words)

	CAISSON SICKNESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		caisson-sygdom (aeroembolism, caisson disease, compressed air disease, compressed air illness, decompression illness, decompression sickness, ebullism), dykkersyge (aeroembolism, bends, caisson disease, compressed air disease, compressed air illness, decompression disease, decompression illness, decompression sickness, diver's sickness, ebullism).
		dysbarisme (aeroembolism, caisson disease, compressed air disease, compressed air illness, decompression illness, decompression sickness, ebullism).
		enfermedad de descompresión (aeroembolism, caisson disease, compressed air disease, compressed air illness, decompression illness, decompression sickness, ebullism).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /ca/caisson_sickness.html (214 words)

	COMPRESSED AIR ILLNESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		caisson-sygdom (aeroembolism, caisson disease, caisson sickness, compressed air disease, decompression illness, decompression sickness, ebullism), dykkersyge (aeroembolism, bends, caisson disease, caisson sickness, compressed air disease, decompression disease, decompression illness, decompression sickness, diver's sickness, ebullism).
		dysbarisme (aeroembolism, caisson disease, caisson sickness, compressed air disease, decompression illness, decompression sickness, ebullism).
		enfermedad de descompresión (aeroembolism, caisson disease, caisson sickness, compressed air disease, decompression illness, decompression sickness, ebullism).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/COMPRESSED+AIR+ILLNESS (213 words)

	Integrated buoyancy suit crew protection system with +/-G.sub.Z protection - Patent 5477850 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The difference in the suit hydrostatic pressure and total pressure within the PTS, as measured by the helmet pressure sensor, is quantified as the residual pressure within the PTS 34, as shown in block 110.
		As shown in block 112, pressure relief means 94 is activated under the combined conditions of +G.sub.Z or zero G.sub.Z acceleration component as tested under the decision block 114, and ambient pressures greater than the minimum threshold pressure, as shown in decision block 116.
		Pressure relief means 94 is shut as shown in block 140 under combined conditions of -G.sub.Z acceleration component and the quantified residual pressure is equal to the minimum threshold pressure, as shown in decision block 142.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5477850.html (8255 words)

	Physiology Online
		This piece of bad news is known as ebullism: the outer dimensions of the body may suddenly increase and unless the pressure around the body is rapidly normalised, unconsciousness follows within seconds and death soon afterwards.
		Even if her oxygen supply was unaffected and she was protected from the cold, an astronaut who suffered a suit depressurisation on the surface of Mars would rapidly boil and die of ebullism.
		A strength of the book is the author’s lucid exposition of the amazingly narrow limits which our basic physiological makeup can withstand and his emphasis on the many behavioural ways in which we strive to overcome these limits – a perfectly legitimate, and indeed vital, aspect of environmental physiology that has often been skated over.
	www.physoc.org /publications/pn/archive/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=204 (713 words)

	Virtual Naval Hospital: United States Naval Flight Surgeon Manual: Third Edition 1991: Chapter 1: The Atmosphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The means of protecting an individual at 50,000 feet or above, are such that they will also protect him in true space (i.e.
		The only additional physiological problems occurring within this zone, which extends from 50,000 feet to 120 miles, are possible radiation effects and the boiling of body fluids (ebullism) in an unprotected individual.
		Boiling of body fluids will occur when the total barometric pressure is less than the vapor pressure of water at 37
	www.vnh.org /FSManual/01/01Atmosphere.html (1120 words)

	ebullism - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We found 3 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word ebullism:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "ebullism" is defined.
		ebullism : Stedman's Online Medical Dictionary, 27th Edition [home, info]
	onelook.com /?w=ebullism (78 words)

	USAF Flight Surgeon's Guide: Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This offgassing process becomes most extreme under conditions of a vacuum, such as in space flight conditions where the ambient barometric pressure is essentially zero.
		The term ebullism has been suggested for this unusual boiling phenomenon and unique medical syndrome.
		The altitude where ebullism occurs, 63,000 feet, is called Armstrong's line.
	wwwsam.brooks.af.mil /af/files/fsguide/HTML/Chapter_02.html (13110 words)

	Pop Quiz, Hotshot...Without locating the answer with the help of any references, what would you state (or guess) is the ...
		Also, if your mouth was open and your passageways clear, you'd probably feel the water in your mouth freezing before you lost consciousness.
		It sounds silly but a properly fitted elastic garment could help to prevent the onset of ebullism too.
		But eventually water vapour would collect in the soft tissues, your body would swell to nearly twice its size and your blood pressure would even out to the point where there was no circulation.
	surveycentral.org /survey/18257.html (4023 words)

	clear night's view February issue
		When the Earth shine is especially prominent, one sees the Old Moon in the New Moon's arms as described by folklore.
		What is ebullism which my teacher contributed to the death of the first human (a Russian) to walk in outer space?
		Ebullism is the formation of water vapor bubbles in the tissue brought on by the boiling of body fluids at low atmospheric pressures.
	www.geocities.com /astroblake2000 (3654 words)

	ASEE - Resources\Opportunities - Fellowships - AFRL Human Effectiveness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This research focuses on the physiological effects of exposure to high altitude and provides the physiological basis for developing protective countermeasures.
		Areas of interest include hypoxia, ebullism, positive pressure breathing, and decompression sickness (DCS).
		Our goals are to mathematically model decompression, including inert gas diffusion and perfusion dynamics, gas phase separation, bubble growth dynamics, and statistically based approaches; and to develop predictive DCS risk assessment capability.
	www.asee.org /resources/fellowships/sffp/afrl_human_effectiveness.cfm (6119 words)

	Up, Up and Away . . . (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Harry G. Armstrong, in his studies in the 1950s, learned that human bodily fluids would literally boil above 63,000 feet.
		It's called ebullism, the blood boils and tissues are damaged with explosive force as gas expands."
		Armstrong's research into the effects of a near-space environment four decades ago helped pioneer high-altitude manned balloon flights with Project Man-High and Project Excelsior.
	www.af.mil /news/airman/0397/balloon.htm (1447 words)

	NATURAL AND INDUCED ENVIRONMENTS
		Free oxygen of a suitable partial pressure for metabolic use.
		A cabin absolute pressure sufficient to prevent vaporization of body fluids (ebullism), which occurs at approximately 45 mm Hg (0.9 psia) at 37° C (95° F).
		Earth's atmosphere provides a physiologically inert gas, nitrogen, which comprises 78% of Earth's air by volume.
	msis.jsc.nasa.gov /sections/section05.htm (10483 words)

	Online edition of Daily News - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In places where the blood pressure is lowest, the vapour pressure will rise until equilibrium is reached.
		It has been demonstrated that a properly fitted pressure suit elastic garments can entirely prevent "Blood Boiling" (ebullism) at pressures as low as 15 mm Hg absolute [Webb, 1969, 1970].)
		Has anybody ever survived vacuum exposure in real life?
	www.dailynews.lk /2004/04/06/fea04.html (1661 words)

	ZUG: Comedy Conversations: First Words on Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Wouldn't this first person on Mars explode within seconds of having his arm ripped off?
		The rapid loss of internal pressure caused by the gushing stream of arterial blood rapidly boiling away into the atmosphere would prevent the kind of ebullism you saw in "Total Recall"
		Young Astronaut tugs on Older Astronaut's shirt tail
	www.zug.com /gab/index.cgi?func=view_thread&thread_id=39200 (589 words)

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