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	Ecbatana
		According to the Greek historian Xenophon of Athens (c.430-c.355), Ecbatana became the summer residence of the Achaemenid kings (Anabasis 3.5.15).
		In December 522, the Median rebel Phraortes reoccupied Ecbatana and made it his capital; he was defeated, however, by the Persian king Darius I the Great (May 521).
		Later, Ecbatana was one of the capitals of the Seleucid and the Parthian empire, sometimes called Epiphaneia.
	www.livius.org /ea-eh/ecbatana/ecbatana.html (781 words)

	Ecbatana
		Ecbatana (Hañgmatana in Old Persian, Agbatana in Aeschylus, written Aga?mtanu by Nabonidos, and Agamatanu at Behistun) was the capital of Astyages (Istuvegü), which was taken by Cyrus the Great in the sixth year of Nabonidos (549 BC).
		Under the Persian kings, Ecbatana, situated at the foot of Mount Elvend, became a summer residence; and was afterwards the capital of the Parthian kings.
		Ecbatana was the main mint of the Parthians, it produced drachm, tetradrachm, and assorted bronze denominations.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/e/ec/ecbatana.html (258 words)

	Parthian Mints
		It was on the early Silk route that led from Areia (Herat) to Rhagae to Ecbatana.
		Under the Parthians, it was the satrapal seat of the province of Media and on the early Silk route that led from Areia (Herat) to Rhagae to Ecbatana where the city controls the major east-west route through the central Zagros, the so-called High Road.
		["Ecbatana," Encyclopaedia Iranica] The attribution to the mint at Ecbatana of issues of Mithradates I, with the title 'great King,' are possibly due to his conquest of this mint city ca.
	www.parthia.com /parthia_mints.htm (1633 words)

	Ecbatana - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		ECBATANA (Agbatana in Aeschylus, Hangmatana in Old Persian, written Agamtanu by Nabonidos, and Agamatanu at Behistun, mod.
		Sir H. Rawlinson attempted to prove that there was a second and older Ecbatana in Media Atropatene, on the site of the modern Takht-i Suleiman, midway between Hamadan and Tabriz (J.R.G.S. x.
		The Ecbatana at which Cambyses is said by Herodotus (iii.
	35.1911encyclopedia.org /Ecbatana (239 words)

	Quest for Median Evidence at Ecbatana Hill Turns Hopeless
		Archeological findings continue to refute Ecbatana Hill to be Median as archeologists at this ancient hill announced that the only evidence observed in the area under studies belong to the Parthian dynastic era while surprisingly no such evidence from the Median Empire was found.
		This archeologist further said that since Ecbatana Hill is spread over a 35-hectare area, the possibility to find other archeological layers beside the ones observed so far in other parts of the hill can not be totally neglected.
		Ecbatana, or Hegmataneh meaning 'gathering place' where feudal chiefs gathered to discuss political affairs, has been mentioned in Greek texts as the capital of the Median, Achaemenid (550 BC—330 BC), Seleucid (333 BC—248 BC), Parthian, and Sassanid (224—651 AD) empires.
	www.payvand.com /news/07/jan/1003.html (655 words)

	ECBATANA
		ECBATANA (Ekba@ta@n, present-day Hamada@n), capital of the Median empire, summer capital of the Achaemenids, and satrapal seat of the province of Media from Achaemenid to Sasanian times.
		According to Herodotus (1.98), Ecbatana was chosen as the Median capital in the late 8th century B.C.E. by Deioces (q.v.), founder of the Median dynasty which ruled Media for one and a half centuries.
		Ecbatana remained subject to the Parthians until 226 C.E. when, along with Atropatene (Azerbaijan) to the north, it was captured by Ardaæ^r I (224-41; q.v.).
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8/v8f1/v8f1131.html (3142 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Ecbatana
		Ecbatana (Achmetha in Biblical Hebrew, Haŋgmatana in Old Persian, Agbatana in Aeschylus, written Agámtanu by Nabonidos, and Agamatanu at Behistun) was the capital of Astyages (Istuvegü), which was taken by the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great in the sixth year of Nabonidos (549 BC).
		The Greeks supposed it to be the capital of Media, and ascribed its foundation to Deioces (the Daiukku of the cuneiform inscriptions), who is said to have surrounded his palace in it with seven concentric walls of different colours.
		H Rawlinson attempted to prove that there was a second and older Ecbatana in Media Atropatene on the site of the modern Takht-i-Suleiman, but the cuneiform texts imply that there was only one city of the name, and Takht-i Suleiman is the Gazaca of classical geography.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Ecbatana (284 words)

	Archaeologists in Quest for Median Ecbatana, instead Discovered Parthian Ecbatana - Archaeological and Cultural News of ...
		Directing the third season of excavations in Ecbatana, the Internationally renowned Iranian archaeologist Dr Masoud Azarnush said: “Last year’s stratigraphy works in a 100 meter area revealed remains of the Parthian dynastic era pointing to the existence of civil constructions on this ancient hill during that time.
		Commenting on the reasons that brought delays to this season of excavations in Ecbatana Hill, Azarnush said that the reason this excavation season is starting later than planned was due to the fact that the report from the outcomes of the previous season was not ready on time.
		Ecbatana was also a strategic place during the Parthian and Sassanid (224–651 CE) empires.
	www.cais-soas.com /News/2006/November2006/04-11.htm (848 words)

	Persian Names
		Susa, the ancient capital of the Elamites, Ecbatana or Hagmatana, the capital of the Medes, Persepolis, and Pasargadae.
		With an elevation of 6,000 feet, Ecbatana was known as the summer capital.
		Ecbatana was later destroyed by Alexander the Great and the new city of Hagmatana or Hamadan was established.
	www.geocities.com /mariamnephilemon/names/asia/persian.html (279 words)

	Hamedan -Ecbatana - Gateway to Persia - Fotopages.com
		The city is assumed to be near Hamadan and located 400 km southwest of Tehran, in modern day Iran; however in shed of very recent discoveries it is now thought that Ecbatana was located hundred miles northwest of modern city of Hamedan, and located in the Kurdish-inhabited areas of Iran in south of lake Urmia.
		Under the Persian kings, Ecbatana, situated at the foot of Mount Elvend, became a summer residence.
		Later, it became the capital of the Parthian kings.H Rawlinson attempted to prove that there was a second and older Ecbatana in Media Atropatene on the site of the modern Takht-i-Suleiman, but the cuneiform texts imply that there was only one city of the name, and Takht-i Suleiman is the Gazaca of classical geography.
	fz-az.fotopages.com /?entry=903108 (465 words)

	History of Iran: Ecbatana
		This is clearly a fantastic description, but it may contain an element of truth: the seven walls may in fact be a ziggurat, a kind of multi-storied temple tower that was common in the ancient Near East.
		Cyrus marched against the country Ecbatana; the royal residence he seized; silver, gold, other valuables of the country Ecbatana he took as booty and brought to Anan.
		In December 522 BCE, the Median rebel Phraortes reoccupied Ecbatana and made it his capital; he was defeated, however, by the Persian king Darius I the Great (May 521 BCE).
	www.iranchamber.com /history/ecbatana/ecbatana.php (648 words)

	Iran Zamin
		Hamadan (Ecbatana) is situated 400 km south west of Tehran, in the Zagros mountains of central-west Persia at the base of the eastern slope of the Alvand range.
		Later, Ecbatana was one of the capitals of the Seleucid and the Parthian empire, sometimes called Epiphaneia and also Hecmatane.
		The modern city of Hamadan is built over the mound of ancient Ecbatana, making it all but impossible to excavate the ruins of this fabulously wealthy capital city (similar to the situation in Athenes).
	oook.info /images/IranZamin.htm (3319 words)

	Achmetha
		Doubtless Ecbatana was one of the “cities of the Medes” to which Israel was carried captive (2Ki_17:6).
		Sir H. Rawlinson identifies the Ecbatana of Tobit and Herodotus with this northern city.
		The southern and far more important Ecbatana which we have described is certainly that of 2 Macc 9:3.
	holycall.com /biblemaps/achmetha.htm (735 words)

	Quest for Median evidence at Ecbatana Hill turns hopeless - Irna
		Contrary to what archeologists and historians had previously believed about the existence of Medians at Ecbatana Hill, latest archeological studies at this ancient hill have so far revealed no single evidence from the Median Empire (728 BC-550 BC).
		Announcing this news, head of the team of archeologists at Ecbatana Hill, Masoud Azarnoush told CHN that stratigraphy works and dowsing operations in five places on the hill have only revealed evidence of the Parthian civilization (248 BC-224 AD).
		Ecbatana, or Hegmataneh meaning `gathering place' where feudal chiefs gathered to discuss political affairs, has been mentioned in Greek texts as the capital of the Median, Achaemenid (550 BC-330 BC), Seleucid (333 BC-248 BC), Parthian, and Sassanid (224-651 AD) empires.
	www.irna.ir /en/news/view/menu-235/0701013931195439.htm (645 words)

	Livius Picture Archive: Ecbatana
		It probably contains the terrace walls of Ecbatana, which became one of the capitals of the Achaemenid Empire.
		Therefore, this part of Ecbatana is believed to date after Media had become part of the Greek world, after the conquests of Alexander the Great.
		Similar columns were found in the royal palaces of Persepolis and it is possible that these bases belong to one of the rooms of the king's residence in Ecbatana.
	www.livius.org /a/iran/hamadan/ecbatana.html (491 words)

	Notes on the Jews of Persia Under Mohammed Shah.
		Hamadan (חמדן;) in Irac, in the west of Persia, occupies the site of the ancient Ecbatana, the capital of Media Magna, and is situated at the foot of a mountain, between Taurus and Ispahan.
		Ecbatana, according to Diodorus, was situated at a distance of 12 stadia from Mount Orontes, was as ancient as Babylon, (Semiramis having caused water-courses to be made to it,) and was very little inferior to that city or to Nineveh in magnificence.
		The book of Judith affirms the walls to be 70 cubits high, 50 cubits broad, and the towers upon the gates 100 cubits higher.
	www.jewish-history.com /Occident/volume7/feb1850/persia.html (1969 words)

	Tobit, Book of - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
		The book tells of two Jewish families, living, one at Nineveh, the other at Ecbatana, both of which had fallen into great trouble, but at length recovered their fortunes and became united by the marriage of the son of one to the daughter of the other.
		Reaching Ecbatana they are hospitably lodged in the home of Raguel, and at once Tobias falls madly in love with the beautiful daughter Sarah, and desires to have her for wife.
		One may say it was allowed in the particular case in question on account of the special circumstances, the fewness of Jews in the parts where the families of Tobit and Raguel lived; compare Numbers 36:4 for another special case.
	www.studylight.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T8826 (4399 words)

	Ancient Ecbatana [Biblical Achmetha] (Modern Hamadan) in Iran
		Ecbatana is now modern Hamadan and it was known in scriptural records as Achmetha.
		In 546 BC Cyrus conquered Lydia and brought Croesus and his wealth to Ecbatana.
		The modern city of Hamadan is built over the mound of ancient Ecbatana, making it all but impossible to excavate the ruins of this fabulously wealthy capital city...
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Ecbatana_Achmetha_Hamadan.html (148 words)

	Persian Cities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Ecbatana was originally the palace city of the Medes, but when the Persians overthrew this civilization it became the summer capital of the Persian Empire.
		At the heaad of the city stood the Gateway to all Nations, which was added under the ruler Xerxes I, guarded by two bull-like figures.
		Built by the King Deioces for his royal palace, Ecbatana was not a creation of the Persians.
	www.mccallie.org /history/rodle/WH1/2002/Student%20Websites/lail,brown/persiancity.htm (222 words)

	Iransaga - Hamedan, Iran's Oldest City
		The provincial capital, also called Hamedan, is located 343 kilometres south west of Tehran at the foot of Mt Alvand (3,580m) in the Zagros range, at an altitude of 1700 metres (5,577 feet) and dominates the wide, fertile plain of the upper Qareh Su River.
		Hamedan, ancient Ecbatana, is one of the oldest cities in the world, and according to legend (Ferdowsi), Hamedan was founded by the mythical King Jamshid.
		It was here that the first Median capital, Ecbatana (Place of Assembly), was founded in 673 BC In 549 BC Cyrus the Great defeated the last Median king, Astyages, and Ecbatana became the summer residence of the Achaemenian Dynasty court, well away from the torrid heat of Susa.
	www.art-arena.com /hamedan.htm (392 words)

	IRANIAN WORLD: ECBATANA - (CAIS) ©
		The attempt by Antiochus VII in 130 to restore Seleucid power in Persia probably stopped short of Ecbatana, as did the invasion by Tigranes II of Armenia in the later years of Mithridates II, the Great (123-87; Frye, 1984, pp.
		The Parthian dynasty continued to use Ecbatana as a imperial summer residence (Strabo, 11.13.1, 16.1.16; Curtius Rufus, 5.8.1; Tacitus, Annales 15.31) and as a royal mint.
		Ecbatana remained subject to the Parthian dynasty until 226 C.E. when, along with Atropatene (today Azerbaijan province) to the north, it was captured by Ardašîr I (224-41; q.v.).
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Geography/ecbatana.htm (3243 words)

	Anahita Temple
		Anahita is the name of the goddess of the planet Venus, who seems to have been worshipped by the Medes and Persians before they adopted Zoroastrianism.
		One of the early references to such temple is by Isidore of Charax who reports that in Parthian territory, Ecbatana, the greatest metropolis of Media, retained a temple of Anahita where sacrifices were regularly offered.
		According to classic historians, the temple of Anahita at Ecbatana was a vast palace, four-fifths of a mile in circumference, built of cedar or cypress.
	archi-west.tripod.com /anahita.htm (490 words)

	The Babylonian Captivity - Ecbatana
		Cyrus the Great, the Persian ruler, enjoyed the weather here during summer months, and he made it his summer capital.
		Apparently Cyrus the Great issued his famous decree from Ecbatana, which would allow the Jews to return to J
		It is believed by many that the tombs of Mordecai and Esther were located in this city.
	www.bible-history.com /map_babylonian_captivity/map_of_the_deportation_of_judah_ecbatana.html (308 words)

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