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Topic: Echinococcus granulosus

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	Echinococcus Granulosus, The Dog Tapeworm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Echinococcus granulosus is the Human tapeworm that comes from dogs, as well as, other members of the canidae family (foxes, coyotes, wolves, etc.) and cats.
		The dog is the definitive host and passes the eggs of the adult Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm through its stool.
		Infestation of the Echinococcus granulosus in humans is rare, but the numbers are increasing due to the trapping and transporting of wild coyotes, foxes, and wolves into the United States.
	www.vaxa.com /human-tapeworms-echinococcus-granulosus.cfm (189 words)

	Reemergence of canine Echinococcus granulosus infection
		As a consequence of large-scale outdoor slaughter of sheep during the 2001 foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the United Kingdom and the possibility of increased risk for transmission of Echinococcus granulosus between sheep and dogs, a large survey of canine echinococcosis was undertaken in mid-Wales in 2002.
		An Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate of 8.1% (94/1,164) was recorded on 22% of farms surveyed, which compares to a rate of 3.4% obtained in the same region in 1993.
		Echinococcus granulosus infection in sheep and dogs has been known to be endemic in parts of Wales and the English borders for many decades.
	www.vetscite.org /publish/items/002168/index.html (500 words)

	AllergyNet - Allergy Advisor Find
		Echinococcus is a genus of parasitic tapeworm whose larvae infect mammals.
		Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is especially common in Mediterranean regions, and is severely endemic in Greece.
		Hydatid disease, caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is common in Mediterranean regions, being highly endemic in Greece.
	allallergy.net /fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=547 (1410 words)

	Zoonosis: Echinococcosis (hydatid disease)
		A: Echinococcosis, or hydatid disease, is infection with the larval (cystic) stage of tapeworms belonging to the genus Echinococcus.
		Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar hydatid disease, a highly invasive and destructive form of echinococcosis that causes solid, tumorlike masses and is commonly confused with hepatic cirrhosis or carcinoma.
		In 1990, infection with Echinococcus mulfilocularis was diagnosed in a coyote in Indiana,
	www.avma.org /reference/zoonosis/znechino.asp (2606 words)

	[No title]
		In this study, the prevalence and distribution of Echinococcus granulosus was evaluated in 911 dogs and 1231 sheep within the country of Kazakhstan.
		A preliminary evaluation was made for overall prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus, age vs. prevalence relationships, type of distribution, frequency of infection, and overall mean worm burden and variance.
		The main objective of this study is to attempt to evaluate the extent of Echinococcus granulosus infection in both the definitive and intermediate hosts in the hope of eventually arriving at a plan which will enable the spread of this dangerous parasite to be kept in check.
	www.vet.purdue.edu /bms/intl/kazakhstan/Christine-Kazakhstan.doc (557 words)

	Echinococcosis and Taeniasis
		Parasitic and zoonotic disease of mammals caused by infection with tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus.
		Parasitic disease of mammals caused by infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.
		granulosus, the structure of the wall of the cysts of E.
	www.unbc.ca /nlui/wildlife_diseases_bc/echinococcosis.htm (1024 words)

	Review of echinococcosishydatidosis: a zoonotic parasitic disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Echinococcosis/hydatidosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the dog tapeworm Echinococcus and its larval stage, the hydatid cyst.
		Echinococcus granulosus is primarily maintained through domestic (Figure 6) and sylvatic life cycles.
		The adult echinococcus is considered to be rather harmless to the definitive host, except when it occurs in large numbers, which may cause severe enteritis.
	www.fao.org /docrep/t1300t/t1300T0m.htm (2277 words)

	Reemergence of canine Echinococcus granulosus infection, Wales Emerging Infectious Diseases - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Echinococcus granulosus infection in sheep and dogs has been known to be endemic in parts of Wales and the English borders for many decades (1-3).
		Ovine hydatidosis rates in the intervention area dropped from 23.5% to 10.5% after that period, and experimental use of sentinel lambs confirmed that transmission of E. granulosus was significantly reduced by this regime (8).
		Fecal supernatants were tested for Echinococcus coproantigens by using a standard ELISA that used a capture antibody against E. granulosus adult somatic antigens (12) as had been used in the previous survey of canine echinococcosis in the Powys area (7).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_4_11/ai_n13609429 (878 words)

	Echinococcosis - Page 2
		Echinococcus granulosus infections remain silent for years before the enlarging cysts cause symptoms in the affected organs.
		Echinococcus multilocularis affects the liver as a slow growing, destructive tumor, with abdominal pain, biliary obstruction, and occasionally metastatic lesions into the lungs and brain.
		Echinococcus vogeli affects mainly the liver, where it acts as a slow growing tumor; secondary cystic development is common.
	www.dpd.cdc.gov /DPDx/HTML/Frames/A-F/Echinococcosis/body_Echinococcosis_page2.htm (260 words)

	Volume 8
		granulosus proteins are then transferred via electrophoretic blotting from the gel into strips for testing of individual samples.
		granulosus proteins are incubated with serum specimens and washed to remove unbound antibodies.
		Echinococcus multilocularis is a particularly dangerous species causing multilocular (alveolar) hydatid disease in man and animals and is common in the highlands of Europe i.e.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~ceb/Diagnosis/Vol8.htm (1918 words)

	Echinococcus granulosus
		Echinococcus granulosus is a parasitic cestode with a life cycle involving two hosts.
		The adult worm develops in the small intestine of dogs and other canids and the larval form (metacestode) develops mainly in the liver and lungs of numerous species of herbivorous and omnivorous intermediate hosts including sheep, cattle, swine and humans.
		granulosus metacestode (cyst) is unilocular, subspherical in shape and fluid-filled.
	www.ufrgs.br /depbiot/206/engranu.htm (208 words)

	R-Biopharm AG : Antibody Detection \| Infectious Diseases - Echinococcus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The RIDASCREEN® Echinococcus IgG test is an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for specific detection of IgG antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis in human serum.
		The infection caused by E. granulosus is known as cystic hydatid disease (CHD) and manifests itself as cysts in various organs, especially the liver and lungs.
		Since no Echinococcus eggs are shed by infected humans, serological determinations are of great importance in the diagnosis of hydatid disease.
	www.r-biopharm.com /clinical/ridascreen_echinococcus.php?act=clinical&p_nav=antibody (224 words)

	Publicaciones de la Cátedra de Inmunología (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		from Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in infected or immunized Balb/C mice".
		Echinococcus granulosus: Heterogeneity and differential expression of superoxide dismutases.
		Echinococcus granulosus infected mice: Recognition of glucidic and peptidic epitopes and lack of avidity maturation".
	mail.fq.edu.uy /~inmuno/publicaciones.htm (2969 words)

	Hydatid Disease (echinococcosis) - Blue Book: IDEAS - Victorian Government Health Information, Australia
		Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm) is the causative agent.
		Hydatid disease in humans is produced by cysts that are the larval stages of the tapeworm Echinococcus.
		Surgery is often the treatment of choice for infection with Echinococcus granulosus, sometimes combined with prolonged high-doses of the drug albendazole.
	www.health.vic.gov.au /ideas/bluebook/hydatid.htm (790 words)

	Concepts in Immunology and Diagnosis of Hydatid Disease -- Zhang et al. 16 (1): 18 -- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
		Cytotoxicity of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid in vitro.
		Echinococcus multilocularis in the mouse: the in vitro protoscolicidal activity of peritoneal macrophages.
		Echinococcus granulosus antigen B is encoded by a gene family.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/16/1/18 (8073 words)

	Echinococcus granulosus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the related worm Echinococcus multilocularis, the outer cyst is not present.
		Diagnosis in definitive host, dog is difficult by ordinary microscopy as it cannot differentiate between taenia and echinococcus eggs.
		Detection of antigens in feces by ELISA is currently the best available technique.The prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus was found to be 4.5% in Bangalore, India by a study conducted by Centre of Advanced Studies in Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore employing this coproantigen detection technique.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Echinococcus_granulosus (429 words)

	In vitro effects of nitazoxanide on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and metacestodes -- Walker et al. 54 (3): 609 ...
		In vitro effects of nitazoxanide on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and metacestodes -- Walker et al.
		Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the metacestode (larval)
		Thompson, R. A., Reynolds, J. and Riddler, C. Praziquantel adversely affects protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro.
	jac.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/3/609 (2993 words)

	Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 5th edition, 2004
		It should be emphasised that it is necessary to isolate and identify the adult Echinococcus, because under normal conditions of faecal examination, the eggs of Echinococcus cannot be differentiated from those of Taenia spp.
		Echinococcus granulosus is usually found in the first third of the small intestine of dogs.
		Echinococcus multilocularis is usually found in the second half of the small intestine.
	www.oie.int /eng/normes/mmanual/A_00042.htm (4561 words)

	Specialty Laboratories ::: we help doctors help patients
		granulosus are generally unilocular, fluid-filled, walled bladders which occur mainly in the liver and lungs.
		A set of recombinant antigens from Echinococcus granulosus with potential for use in the immunodiagnosis of human cystic hydatid disease.
		Copro-diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs by amplification of a newly identified repeated DNA sequence.
	www.specialtylabs.com /books/display.asp?id=1875 (1092 words)

	Echinococcus - Hydatid disease
		granulosus, being slightly smaller, with a maximum length of approximately 4mm, and consisting of 4 to 5 proglottids.
		granulosus, but as they develop they become septate, forming multichambered cysts, (a 'polycystic' hydatid).
		Echinococcus oligarthus - This parasite is found in Panama and Argentina.
	www.path.cam.ac.uk /~schisto/Tapes/Echino.html (1500 words)

	Default Normal Template (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		granulosus infection in animal and human populations, clear strategies and efficient methods are available, but they are costly and have to be performed for years or decades.
		granulosus oncospheres or the 100,000×g supernatant of SDS-solubilized oncospheres were moderately immune to an oral challenge infection with E.
		Dempster, R.P., Harrison, G.B., Berridge, M.V. and Heath, D.D. Echinococcus granulosus: use of an intermediate host mouse model to evaluate sources of protective antigens and a role for antibody in the immune response.
	ibj.pasteur.ac.ir /ibj29/HashemiTabar.htm (2155 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		We present an unusual case of involvement of the liver by both Echinococcus granulosus and alveolaris infection with typical radiological appearence.
		Infiltration of vena cava inferior was seen during the operation, and she was evaluated as an inoperable case.
		granulosus and alveolaris in the same liver even though they were located in different lobes.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?gm04036 (885 words)

	Usefulness of Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus granulosus Developed in Mice with Secondary Infection for ...
		Immunological responses to antigen B from Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid in hydatid patients.
		Characterization and optimization of bovine Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid to be used in immunodiagnosis of hydatid disease by ELISA.
		Differential serodiagnosis for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis using fractions of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (antigen B) and Echinococcus multilocularis protoscolex (EM18).
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/9/3/573 (2379 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Phase Contrast and DIC Comparison Image Gallery - Echinococcus granulosus Tapeworm Hydatid Cyst
		Echinococcus granulosus is a tapeworm parasite that in its larval form can cause hydatid disease, which is characterized by cysts forming within the victim's body.
		The adult form of Echinococcus granulosus exists benignly in carnivores, which are primarily infected by eating the raw or undercooked internal organs of other animals that contain hydatid cysts.
		The tapeworm larvae that fill the cyst are released into the animal's body after the cyst wall is digested.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/dicphasecontrast/echinococcussmall.html (261 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Echinococcus granulosus - WrongDiagnosis.com - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Echinococcus granulosus: A species of hydatid tapeworm (class CESTODA) in the family Taeniidae, whose adult form infects the DIGESTIVE TRACT of DOGS, other canines, and CATS.
		Echinococcus granulosus: Type of or association with medical condition Tapeworms.
		Echinococcus granulosus: Echinococcus granulosus is listed as a type of (or associated with) the following medical conditions in our database: Tapeworms
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/echinococcus_granulosus_printer.htm (216 words)

	eMedicine - Echinococcosis : Article Excerpt by: Robert W Tolan, Jr, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Background: Echinococcosis is the general term for 3 diseases caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus tapeworms, the smallest tapeworms in the Taeniidae family.
		Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar hydatid echinococcosis and occurs only in the northern hemisphere.
		Echinococcus vogeli causes polycystic echinococcosis and occurs in Central and South America.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/echinococcosis.htm (541 words)

	Case of the Week 36 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The large cystic lesion of the liver is a hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus, a cestode (tapeworm) infection in which man becomes the intermediate host.
		The laminated wall of the cyst seen here is lined by a germinal epithelium from which daughter larvae develop by the thousands and float into the clear fluid filling the unilocular cyst of Echinococcus granulosus.
		These larvae (several of which are seen here microscopically with characteristic hooklets of the scolex) settle out and form the so-called "hydatid sand".
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /WebPath/COW/COW036.html (135 words)

	eMedicine - Hydatid Cysts : Article Excerpt by: Imad S Dandan, MD
		Background: Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus.
		It is not endemic in the United States, but the change of immigration patterns and the improvement of transcontinental transportation over the past 4 decades have caused a rise in the profile of this previously unusual disease throughout North America.
		Pathophysiology: Human echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/hydatid-cysts.htm (527 words)

	MJA: Jenkins et al.: Human hydatidosis in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, 1987-1992
		granulosus, a retrospective survey of hydatid infection was conducted between 1987 and 1992 by examining records of patients with hydatidosis from hospitals and health services in New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).
		All the public and private hospitals and area and district health services in NSW and the ACT were asked to supply data of patients with confirmed hydatidosis who were admitted between January 1987 and December 1992.
		The role of foxes Vulpes vulpes in the epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus in urban environments.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/jan1/jenkins/jenkins.html (2341 words)

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