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Topic: Echinococcus multilocularis

In the News (Wed 23 Dec 09)

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	RIVM Rapport 330040001: The prevalance of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes in Limburg 2002-2003
		RIVM Rapport 330040001: The prevalance of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes in Limburg 2002-2003
		The prevalance of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes in Limburg 2002-2003
		Echinococcus multilocularis was detected in foxes for the first time in Limburg, as recorded in a previous study carried out from 1996 to 1998.
	www.rivm.nl /bibliotheek/rapporten/330040001.html (468 words)

	CDC - Echinococcus multilocularis in Northern Hungary
		multilocularis infection in foxes, the number of human cases did not vary in the historically known area (eastern France, Switzerland, southern Germany, and western Austria) during the 1990s (1), probably because of increased public awareness and control measures.
		multilocularis was recently observed in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic with a population of 1 million and similar hydrographic features (14); therefore, occurrences of this zoonosis should be continuously monitored in Budapest.
		Martínek K, Cerveny J. Echinococcus multilocularis in populations of the Czech urban foxes.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol10no7/03-1027.htm (1384 words)

	CDC - Echinococcus multilocularis: An Emerging Pathogen in Hungary and Central Eastern Europe?
		Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis in humans.
		Echinococcus multilocularis isolated from a fox in Hungary...
		Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes in The Netherlands.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol9no3/02-0320.htm (1840 words)

	Alveolar Hydatid Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In North America E. multilocularis is found primarily in the north central region from eastern Montana to central Ohio, as well as Alaska and Canada.
		Echinococcus multilocularis: a zoonosis of increasing concern in the United States.
		Echinococcus multilocularis: a possible domestic life cycle in central North America and its public health implications.
	www.dental.am /more.php?id=1766_0_10_0_M127 (1145 words)

	Symposium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Thereafter, the prevalence of E. multilocularis in red foxes increased from 20% (202/1004) in 1992 to 35.7% (150/420) in 1997.
		The accurate diagnosis of dogs infected by Echinococcus granulosus is essential in countries where the parasite is endemic, in order to determine transmission patterns as well as to monitor the effectivity of measures conducted in the framework of control campaings.
		Echinococcus multilocularis is one of the most important zoonotic parasites in Japan.
	133.87.224.209 /lecture/1998/sympo1998.html (11102 words)

	Echinococcus multilocularis in a European beaver from Switzerland -- Janovsky et al. 38 (3): 618 -- Journal of Wildlife ...
		Echinococcus multilocularis in a European beaver from Switzerland -- Janovsky et al.
		Echinococcus multilocularis in a European beaver from Switzerland
		Infection with the larval stage of the cestode parasite Echinococcus multilocularis was diagnosed in a European beaver (Castor fiber) in central Switzerland.
	www.jwildlifedis.org /cgi/content/abstract/38/3/618 (149 words)

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		Echinococcus multilocularis; its reproduction number, persistence in an area of low rodent prevalence, and effectiveness of control.
		Echinococcus multilocularis in the growing fox populations in Central Europe, its total biomass may have increased significantly in the past 20 years.
		multilocularis, the causative agent of a serious parasitic zoonosis, might be of major concern for public health and a challenge to control.
	www.cost920.com /NL14.htm (261 words)

	Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid disease) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus includes dogs (and other canines) as the definitive host, and a variety of species of warm blooded vertebrates (sheep, cattle, goats, and humans) as the intermediate host.
		An egg of Echinococcus granulosus; these eggs are virtually indistinguishable from other, closely related species of tapeworms such as Taenia.
		Echinococcus granulosus (the small, white objects) in the small intestine of a dog.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~parasite/echinococcus.html (567 words)

	Droncit Rx, #34 mg x 50 Tablets for Dogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Echinococcus multilocularis is a tapeworm species ordinarily considered to be found in wild canids, including foxes, coyotes and wolves.
		multilocularis endemic areas that roam freely with the opportunity to catch wild rodents are at risk for infection.
		multilocularis should be treated to prevent exposure of humans to infective eggs and to reduce perpetuation of the parasite’s life cycle.
	www.lambriarvet.com /sbsite.php?&item=012bay34/50 (1073 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Echinococcus multilocularis - CureResearch.com
		Echinococcus multilocularis: Another name for Alveolar Hydatid Disease.
		Echinococcus multilocularis (condition): Rare multi-organ tapeworm infection caught from animals.
		Echinococcus multilocularis: AHD (al-VEE-oh-ler HIGH-dad-id) disease results from being infected with the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis, a microscopic tapeworm (1-4 millimeters) found in foxes, coyotes, dogs, and cats.
	www.cureresearch.com /medical/echinococcus_multilocularis.htm (263 words)

	Emerging Infectious Diseases: Is High Prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in Wild and Domestic Animals Associated ...
		We investigated a focus of highly endemic Echinococcus multilocularis infection to assess persistence of high endemicity in rural rodents, explore potential for parasite transmission to domestic carnivores, and assess (serologically) putative exposure versus infection frequency in inhabitants of the region.
		From spring 1993 to spring 1998, the prevalence of E. multilocularis in rodents was 9% to 39% for Arvicola terrestris and 10% to 21% for Microtus arvalis.
		The wide distribution of E. multilocularis eggs in the study area, reflected by the high prevalence in rodents, may have represented a considerable risk for humans in the densely populated periurban regions of Switzerland.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_3_7/ai_75996417 (1354 words)

	Emerging Infectious Diseases: Echinococcus multilocularis in Northern Hungary
		Recent data indicate that E. multilocularis infection is spreading geographically and is being transmitted at an increasing rate in Europe (Figure).
		Despite the increasing prevalence of E. multilocularis infection in foxes, the number of human cases did not vary in the historically known area (eastern France, Switzerland, southern Germany, and western Austria) during the 1990s (1), probably because of increased public awareness and control measures.
		Urbanization of the life cycle of E. multilocularis was recently observed in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic with a population of 1 million and similar hydrographic features (14); therefore, occurrences of this zoonosis should be continuously monitored in Budapest.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_7_10/ai_n6149167 (1391 words)

	Urbanisation of Echinococcus multilocularis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes has increased significantly from the urban to the adjacent recreational area where we have found a correspondingly higher contamination of the environment with fox faeces positive for E. multilocularis coproantigens.
		As the urban cycle of E. multilocularis seems to depend upon locally restricted factors, we suggested that a reduction of the infection pressure in distinct risk areas should be feasible.
		The proportion of E. multilocularis coproantigen-positive fox faeces collected in six control areas remained unchanged, but decreased significantly in the 1 km2 bait areas from 38.6% to 5.5%, and in the 6 km2 bait area from 66.7% to 1.8%.
	www.forschungsportal.ch /unizh/vet/unit50800/area966/p4982.htm (408 words)

	Efficacies of Albendazole Sulfoxide and Albendazole Sulfone against In Vitro-Cultivated Echinococcus multilocularis ...
		The susceptibility of the mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) and the OFa mouse strain to Echinococcus multilocularis
		Echinococcus granulosus: membrane permeability of secondary hydatid cysts to albendazolesulfoxide.
		Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes: immunological and immunocytochemical analysis of the relationships between alkaline phosphatase and the Em2 antigen.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/43/5/1052 (5034 words)

	NADA 111-798
		multilocularis was monitored in voles captured from the town of Savoonga.
		multilocularis infected controls were positive at necropsy for their respective parasite.
		This supplement provides for the additional claim to include the removal and control of Echinococcus multilocularis The approval of this change has no adverse effect on the safety and effectiveness of the new animal drug.
	www.betterchem.com /vet/cvm_foi/section1/111798s071693.html (1936 words)

	Echinococcosis multilocularis
		In this short review of Echinococcus multilocularis in the island of Hokkaido, we describe the life cycle and epidemiology of the parasite and how it was introduced to Hokkaido by a single infected red fox from Russia in 1924.
		The distribution tendency of the patients coincides with the explosion of the infection of red foxes with Echinococcus multilocularis in Hokkaido after 1980.
		multilocularis coproantigens detection was applied for monitoring the parasite in families of foxes.
	www.isrvma.org /article/55_2_5.htm (1390 words)

	Etiologic Agent \| Scenario #8
		With the increasing encroachment of humans and domestic pets on wildlife there is an increased risk of cats and dogs being definitive hosts and passing the eggs on to humans.
		multilocularis is most common in the northern hemisphere including the northern United States, but the parasite is moving south with dogs and cats as definitive hosts.
		Here E. multilocularis behaves as a slow growing destructive mass with abdominal pain, biliary obstruction, and occasional metastatic alveolar hydatids are sent to the lung and brain.
	www.vet.uga.edu /vpp/IVM/ENG/EZD/scen08/agent08.htm (352 words)

	EELA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Heisimatoihin kuuluva Echinococcus multilocularis -loinen on viime vuosien aikana levinnyt Keski-Euroopassa ja sen on todettu siirtyvän pohjoisemmaksi.
		Ihmiselle vaarallisia lajeja ovat Echinococcus granulosus ja Echinococcus multilocularis.
		Echinococcus multilocularis -loisen pääisäntiä ovat yleisimmin ketut, mutta myös naalit, koirat, kissat, supikoirat ja sudet voivat toimia pääisäntinä.
	www.eela.fi /ajankohtaista/tiedotteet_r.html?&Id=1033720987.html (355 words)

	eMedicine - Echinococcosis : Article by Dominique A Vuitton, MD, PhD
		E multilocularis eggs, which are the infectious agents for humans, are dispersed in the environment via the feces of carnivores.
		Prevalence of E multilocularis infection in foxes is 15-70% in endemic areas.
		Although rodents, especially voles (see Image 4), are the normal intermediate hosts of E multilocularis in nature, a variety of accidental hosts with a larval disease similar to that observed in humans have been described in cattle, pigs, boars, horses, monkeys, and apes.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic326.htm (7406 words)

	Major Carbohydrate Antigen of Echinococcus multilocularis Induces an Immunoglobulin G Response Independent of ...
		Echinococcus multilocularis: immunological study on the "Em2-positive" laminated layer during in vitro and in vivo post-oncospheral and larval development.
		Echinococcus multilocularis: parasite-specific humoral and cellular immune response subsets in mouse strains susceptible (AKR, C57B1/6J) or `resistant' (C57B1/10) to secondary alveolar echinococcosis.
		Carbohydrates on the surface of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces are immunodominant in mice.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/10/6074 (5371 words)

	Drontal Plus Rx, 136 mg x 30 Tablets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Echinococcus multilocularis is a tapeworm species usually found in wild canids, including foxes, coyotes and wolves.
		multilocularis eggs, observed using microscopic fecal examination procedures, are similar in appearance to those of common species such as Taenia pisiformis.
		multilocularis should be treated to prevent exposure of humans to infective eggs and to break the parasite's life cycle.
	www.lambriarvet.com /sbsite.php?&item=012baydr136/30 (1533 words)

	Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 5th edition, 2004
		Echinococcus granulosus is usually found in the first third of the small intestine of dogs.
		Echinococcus multilocularis is usually found in the second half of the small intestine.
		Echinococcus coproantigens are also stable in fox or dog faeces left at 20°C for 1 week.
	www.oie.int /eng/normes/mmanual/A_00042.htm (4561 words)

	Microbiology :: In Vitro Activities of Benzimidazoles against Echinococcus multilocularis Metace :: Pharmaceutical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval (metacestode) stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is a lethal parasitosis of the liver prevalent in the Northern Hemisphere.
		For chemotherapy the benzimidazole derivatives mebendazole and albendazole were introduced, and their use has resulted in a significant improvement in the survival rates.
		In the present study, we applied a culture system for the in vitro growth and proliferation of E. multilocularis metacestodes to analyze the parasitostatic and parasitocidal potential of mebendazole.
	www.pharmainfo.net /displayarticle9536.html (160 words)

	Alveolar Hydatid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		multilocularis is found primarily in the north central region from eastern Montana to central Ohio, as well as Alaska and Canada.
		multilocularis or other tapeworms, see your veterinarian who can answer your questions and assess the risk of possible infection.
		These pets may shed the tapeworm eggs in their stool, and their fur may be contaminated.
	www.responsiblewildlifemanagement.org /alveolar_hydatid.htm (1087 words)

	Isolation and Characterization of a Secretory Component of Echinococcus multilocularis Metacestodes Potentially ...
		Antibody response of Echinococcus granulosus infected mice: recognition of glucidic and peptidic epitopes and lack of avidity maturation.
		Characterization of the laminated layer of in vitro cultivated Echinococcus vogeli metacestodes.
		Echinococcus multilocularis alkaline phosphatase as a marker for metacestode damage induced by in vitro drug treatment with albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole sulfone.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/1/527 (5180 words)

	References
		Failure to identify alveolar echinococcosis in trappers from South Dakota in spite of high prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild canids.
		Deplazes P, Alther P, Tanner I, Thompson RC, Eckert J. Echinococcus multilocularis coproantigen detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fox, dog, and cat populations.
		Spontaneous death of Echinococcus multilocularis: cases diagnosed serologically by Em2-ELISA and clinical significance.
	www.medscape.com /content/2001/00/41/44/414430/414430_ref.html (437 words)

	In Vitro Activities of Benzimidazoles against Echinococcus multilocularis Metacestodes -- Jura et al. 42 (5): 1052 -- ...
		Alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval (metacestode) stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is a lethal
		Diagnosis of Echinococcus multilocularis infection by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.
		Effects of albendazole on Echinococcus multilocularis infection in the Mongolian jird.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/42/5/1052 (3374 words)

	Echinococcus multilocularis Revisited -- Czermak et al. 176 (5): 1207 -- American Journal of Roentgenology
		Calcifications are found in 90% of all infected patients [1].
		CT scan shows large hypodense mass with central necrosis and peripheral calcifications that are coarse, irregular, and rimlike.
		—50-year-old woman with Echinococcus multilocularis infection of liver and retroperitoneum.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/176/5/1207 (1688 words)

	Untitled Document
		Echinococcus granulosus is most prevalent in the sheep-raising areas of the Western U.S. Infection of humans with E. granulosus leads to the development of "hydatid cysts."
		Echinococcus multilocularis is most prevalent in the far north.
		Prior to surgical excision, the lesions are often aspirated and injected with a protoscolicidal agent (e.g., 95% alcohol) to reduce the chance for leakage of anaphylactogenic or infectious contents during surgery.
	www.vetmed.wisc.edu /pbs/zoonoses/larvamigrans/echino.html (517 words)

	NADA 111-607
		This Supplemental Application amends the NADA to provide for the use of Droncit Injectable Solution against Echinococcus multilocularis in dogs.
		This field trial was of 10 years duration and provided adequate safety and effectiveness information on the drug when used monthly on a repeated basis.
		For this reason and because of the difficulty in definitive diagnosis of Echinococcus multilocularis and the zoonotic health implications, another clinical field trial utilizing the injectable formulation is not necessary.
	www.betterchem.com /vet/cvm_foi/section1/111607s071693.html (2055 words)

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