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Topic: Eco feminism

	Kinds of Feminism
		Seen by many as the "undesirable" element of feminism, Radical feminism is actually the breeding ground for many of the ideas arising from feminism; ideas which get shaped and pounded out in various ways by other (but not all) branches of feminism.
		Notions that women are "inherently kinder and gentler" are one of the foundations of cultural feminism, and remain a major part of it.
		"Feminism articulates political opposition to the subordination of women as women, whether that subordination is ascribed by law, imposed by social convention, or inflicted by individual men and women.
	www.uah.edu /woolf/feminism_kinds.htm (1283 words)

	ETHICS AND TRAUMA: LEVINAS, FEMINISM, AND DEEP ECOLOGY
		It is not hard to see that feminism presents a vision of ethical life rooted in a recognition of the fundamental trauma of male domination.
		Does feminism's answer to male domination remain within the privatized and domesticated realm of the family or the intimate relationship, at least until patriarchy is ended?
		As cultural feminism sought to expand our sense of personal identity to a sense of inter-identification with the human other, so this ecological ethics would expand our personal and species sense of identity into an inter-identification with the natural world.
	www.crosscurrents.org /feministecology.htm (7668 words)

	Eco-Feminism
		In ‘First Wave Feminism’, the response to the male-female dualism is to leave as unquestioned the basic superiority of those ‘male attributes’ which are so highly prized as being what constitutes ‘being human’, and to suggest that women have just as much access to such qualities as do men.
		Second-wave feminism moves away from the stance that women are capable of being ‘just like men’, and argues instead that there do exist actual, more than socially constructed, differences between the two genders.
		However, the dualism inherent in patriarchy is adhered to as this form of feminism contends that women should assume the dominant role, with maleness in the inferior position.
	www.greenspirit.org.uk /resources/EcoFeminism.htm (2605 words)

	Eco Feminism links feminine nature to Earth. Ecofeminism cherishes theMother.
		Eco feminists firmly believe that the patriarchal system of government and its institutions are against the true nature of our being, because they usurp the treasures of the Mother and covet her abundance for their very own.
		Eco feminism believes our consciousness separated off from the path of our true nature when man began to make profit the priority.
		Eco feminism is a belief system that incorporates the spiritual and the physical realities of our being.
	www.seaofjoy.com /eco_feminism.htm (750 words)

	Introduction to Ecofeminism - Karen J. Warren
		There are two main ecological indications of liberal feminism: the first draws the line of moral considerability at humans, separating humans from nonhumans and basing any claims to moral consideration of nonhumans either on the alleged rights or interests of humans, or on the consequences of such consideration for human well-being.
		The claim is that language that so feminizes nature and naturalizes women describes, reflects, and perpetuates the domination and inferiorization of both by failing to see the extent to which the twin dominations of women and nature (including animals) are, in fact, culturally (and not merely figuratively) analogous.
		She argues that because the conceptual connections are located in an oppressive patriarchal conceptual framework characterized by a logic of domination, first, the logic of traditional feminism requires the expansion of feminism to include ecological femimsm, and, second, ecological feminism provides a distinctively feminist environmental ethic.
	www2.pfeiffer.edu /~lridener/courses/ecowarrn.html (4841 words)

	Mirror for Internet Encyclopedia - Wikinfo \| Eco-feminism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism, a Philosophy and movement born from the Union of feminist and ecological thinking, believes that the social mentality that leads to the domination and oppression of Women is directly connected to the social mentality that leads to the environmental abuse of Earth.
		Scientists generally dismiss ecofeminism as neither feminism nor ecology; most feminists are not part of the radical fringe, and have heavily criticised the radical and anti-science turn that eco-feminism has taken.
		The Early radical feminism of the late 1960s and early 1970s which most inspires me - called for the Equality of women in every aspect of social and domestic life.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.us /index.php/wiki.php?title=Eco-feminism (728 words)

	Wikinfo \| Feminism
		Feminism is a set of social theories and political practices that are critical of past and current social relations and primarily motivated and informed by the experience of women.
		Feminism is generally said to have begun in the 19th century as people increasingly adopted the perception that women are oppressed in a male-centered society (see patriarchy).
		Opponents of feminism claim that women's quest for this kind of external power, as opposed to the internal power to affect other people's ethics and values, has left a vacuum in the area of moral training, where women formerly held sway.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Feminism (3162 words)

	gift Eco feminism - gift-report.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Feminism is a collection of social theories, political movements, and moral philosophies largely motivated by or concerned with the liberation of women from subordination to men.
		In simple terms, feminism is a belief in the social, political and economic equality of the sexes, and a movement organized around the conviction that biological sex should not be the pre-determinant factor shaping a person's social identity or socio-political or economic rights.
		Feminism has effected many changes in Western society, including women's suffrage, broad employment for women at more equitable wages, the right to initiate divorce proceedings and the introduction of "no fault" divorce, the right to obtain contraception and safe abortions, and the right to university education.
	www.gift-report.com /Eco-feminism (5014 words)

	The Dissident Feminist: Schools of Feminist Thought
		Since feminism itself resists all kinds of definitions by its very existence and aims, it is more accurate to say that there are all kinds of "flavors" and these flavors are mixed up every which way; there is no set of Baskin Robbins premixed flavors, as it were.
		Amazon feminism is dedicated to the image of the female hero in fiction and in fact, as it is expressed in art and literature, in the physiques and feats of female athletes, and in sexual values and practices.
		Amazon feminism is concerned about physical equality and is opposed to gender role stereotypes and discrimination against women based on assumptions that women are supposed to be, look or behave as if they are passive, weak and physically helpless.
	www.sapphireblue.com /dissident_feminist/factions.shtml (3119 words)

	Feminism? You want feminism? Which brand would you like?
		Feminism is exhibited by a spirit of unrest among a comparatively small number of dissatisfied women.
		A sort of evil twin of power feminism, victim feminism is responsible for "man-bashing," overt censorship, and a pervasive elitism that has forced the vast population of women to turn from Bella to Oprah to get their needs met.
		Although it is obvious that feminism is far from a unified ideology, other than perhaps that the vast majority of its various factions is to varying extents united in its opposition to traditional moral standards and especially all things male, there is another reality to the vast number of variations amongst feminist factions.
	www.fathersforlife.org /feminism/feminism_terms_defined.htm (11593 words)

	Ecofeminism - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism is a term coined in 1974 by Françoise d'Eaubonne.
		It is a philosophy and movement born from the union of feminist and ecological thinking, and the belief that the social mentality that leads to the domination and oppression of women is directly connected to the social mentality that leads to the abuse of the environment.
		Some scientists generally dismiss ecofeminism as neither feminism nor ecology; most feminists are not part of the radical fringe, and have heavily criticised the radical and anti-science turn that eco-feminism has taken.
	www.recipeland.com:8080 /facts/Eco-feminism (796 words)

	Sincere Gift: The Pope's 'New Feminism'
		The eco-feminists, in short, wavered in front of the ideological stronghold of mainstream feminism on the issue of "reproductive rights." (Here I was not alone in my concern, and it is important to note the presence on the American scene of "pro-life feminists," of whom Juli Loesch Wiley would be an outstanding example.
		Feminism, she concludes, must be freed from the mentality of a society dominated by "perverted masculine values."
		Mainstream feminism is frequently objecting to the falsity of the feminine consciousness — for example the 1950s-style suburban housewife "married to her house," or the lack of integrity in the (Strindbergian) martyred or devouring mother.
	www.secondspring.co.uk /articles/lcaldecott6.htm (6321 words)

	Eco-feminism
		There is socialist, radical, or liberal feminism, power feminism, womanists, lesbians, separatists, National Organization for Women, to name a few.
		Maybe something from the backlash movements like, the Total Woman Movement, Mythopoetics, Freemen, or the National Organization for Men Against Sexism would fit your agenda better.
		Survival of our species may depend on greater understanding between men and women.
	www.csuchico.edu /jour/catbytes/f99/fem/fem.html (361 words)

	Natural Life Topic - Family - Eco-Feminism
		Women are often at the forefront of the movement toward ecological and social change.
		Feminism and Ecology — A Matter Of Survival by Helen Forsey - A description of eco-feminism which describes the common thread in the oppression of women, of nature, and of all those somehow defined by the dominant culture as “other”.
		The genetic engineering debate reeks of a patriarchal quest for control.
	www.life.ca /family/feminism/index.html (234 words)

	Feminist Theory
		Amazon Feminism - A type of feminism dedicated to the image of the female hero in Greek mythology and physical equality between males and females.
		Cultural Feminism - A theory that there are fundamental personality differences between men and women, and that women’s differences are special and should be celebrated.
		Radical Feminism - This type of feminism questions why women must assume certain roles based on their biology, just as it questions why men must assume certain roles based on their biology.
	www.maitespace.com /englishodyssey/Resources/femtheory.htm (456 words)

	Strands of Feminist Theory
		Both socialist feminism and radical feminism can be distinguished from the main theoretical strand in first wave feminism - equal rights feminism or liberal feminism.
		Early activists in the WLM tended to ignore it or be dismissive of it, but in many ways liberal feminism was reinvigorated as a result of the emergence of second wave feminism.
		The emphasis of liberal feminism is on inequality between men and women in the public sphere of life - employment, education and politics.
	www.geocities.com /kadingercegi/strandsofem.htm (1328 words)

	[No title]
		However, one aspect of eco- feminism that struck me as incoherent even within the framework of the movement was its lack of concern for one particular kind of "violent assault" on life, namely, that represented by abortion.
		Feminism, she concludes, must be freed from the mentality of a society dominated by "perverted masculine values." Elisabeth Behr-Sigel emphasises "respect for the other"; the pope integrates this with "respect for life." His is the fuller and more urgent appeal.
		Mainstream feminism is frequently objecting to the falsity of the feminine consciousness- for example the 1950s-style suburban housewife "married to her house," or the lack of integrity in the (Strindbergian) martyred or devouring mother.
	www.ewtn.com /library/ISSUES/SINCGIFT.TXT (6110 words)

	WS2203 Feminist Theory and the Contemporary Women's Movement: Strands of Feminist Theory
		Both socialist feminism and radical feminism can be distinguished from the main theoretical strand in first wave feminism - equal rights feminism or liberal feminism.
		Early activists in the WLM tended to ignore it or be dismissive of it, but in many ways liberal feminism was reinvigorated as a result of the emergence of second wave feminism.
		The emphasis of liberal feminism is on inequality between men and women in the public sphere of life - employment, education and politics.
	pers-www.wlv.ac.uk /~le1810/femin.htm (1354 words)

	Catholic Network for Women's Equality
		The topic of "feminism" together with the term, "feminist" has been cropping up since the last newsletter came out.
		Rita Gross, In Feminism and Religion identifies feminism quite simply as "the conviction that women really do inhabit the human realm and are not 'other,' not a separate species." Eco-feminism extends the concept.
		If, as she defines it, feminism is "an intellectual, spiritual and practical commitment to full personhood of every human being and right relationships among all creatures, it must be espoused by Christians as a Gospel imperative." (With Oil In Their Lamps: Faith, Feminism and the Future by Sandra M. Schneiders, I.H.M.)
	www.cnwe.org /article1.htm (665 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Amazon Feminism Amazon feminism is dedicated to the image of the female hero in fiction and in fact, as it is expressed in art and literature, in the physiques and feats of female athletes, and in sexual values and practices.
		Thus Amazon feminism advocates e.g., female strength athletes, martial artists, soldiers, etc. [TG] Anarcho-Feminism Anarcho-feminism was never a huge movement, especially in the United States, and you won't find a whole lot written about it.
		For more information you might want to also read hooks' book and her earlier reader, _ain't i a woman?_ Whereas radical feminism was primarily formulated by educated white women focusing on women's issues, this variety was formulated by women who would not (because they could not) limit their focus.
	www.faqs.org /ftp/pub/usenet/news.answers/feminism/terms (4789 words)

	Paul's Virtual Bookstore - Women's Rights, Sex, and Feminism Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At least click below in order to read the reviews of the book at Amazon, which seem about evenly divided between Mormons who think their marriage is good, but wish they had owned the book during their honeymoon and critics scoffing because the book's only mention of oral sex is in the "off limits" area.
		Feminism as an organized forces in the United States dates from the abolitionist movement prior to the Civil War.
		McElroy discusses such controversies as individualism and socialism in the feminist tradition, economic freedom and the role of women, and the contemporary differences between mainstream and individualist feminism, and issues a ringing call for women to recapture their individualist heritage.
	www.buffalo.pair.com /mcmpwymn.htm (951 words)

	Salient » Campus Guide to Feminism
		Liberal feminism is based on the principles of individualism within the liberal movement.
		Although many feminists have condemned psychoanalytical theories, such as “penis envy” and “castration fear” as misogyny, psychoanalytical feminism deconstructs the process by which they claim binary gender stereotypes are constructed, identifying this process of construction as social conditioning.
		Difference feminism is based on promoting and protecting the essential differences between men and women.
	www.salient.org.nz /features/campus-guide-to-feminism (955 words)

	Catholic Anti-Feminism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Feminism and the Launch of the Catechism According to Michael Baker feminism is a false and evil philosophy that works great harm in society and it is incompatible with Catholicism.
		Feminist Assault on Reasonableness The Phyllis Schlafly Report for December 1996 focuses on feminism and how the feminist movement is causing ominous dislocations in basic concepts of American law and justice.
		Gender Benders In this article taken from HLI Reports, Jean Guilfoyle warns of the agenda of feminists who are attending the U.N. Conference in Beijing in September.
	www.shc.edu /theolibrary/antifem.htm (292 words)

	Catholic World News : Morphing Catholicism into Eco-feminism
		Home schooling is the only way parents today can raise their children in a Catholic culture, so they can grow up strong and confident of the truth.
		[AUTHOR ID] Donna Steichen is the author of Ungodly Rage: The Hidden Face of Catholic Feminism.
		Be the first to comment on this story!
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=21156 (2571 words)

	Ecofeminism and Equality
		There is socialist, radical, or liberal feminism, power feminism, womanists, lesbians, separatists, National Organization for Women, to name a few.
		These days, there are as many kinds of feminism and backlash movements as there are kinds of aspirin on the shelf at the supermarket.
		While many have their fine points it is hard to fathom where exactly to take a stand or whether to take one at all.
	www.feministezine.com /feminist/ecofeminism/Ecofeminism-and-Equality.html (2630 words)

	Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Datar (1999) misrecognises the DFS as being located within the narrow confines of postmodernism versus feminism, as also some kind of a scale of politically correctness on which ‘real feminism’ is sought to be measured, and as foreclosing all possibilities of emancipatory dialogues and interrogations.
		Eco-feminism was not overlooked, but collapsed as a particular variant of cultural feminism, one, which valorises sexual differences especially in relation to nature.
		In noting the limits of dalit feminism, Datar (1999) collapses the standpoint into the practices of certain organisations and argues that dalit feminism is limited to educated dalit women working in universities and white-collared jobs and questions their knowledge and concern about the 'material realities of the lives of rural dalit women'.
	www.epw.org.in /showArticles.php?root=2000&leaf=02&filename=1022&filetype=html (4329 words)

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