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Topic: Ecofact

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Biofact ecofact

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	Ecofact
		Welcome to the website of Ecofact Environmental Consultants Ltd. This website is designed to give you an introduction to the Company, and provide you with information on some of the projects we are currently working on.
		ECOFACT is a Limerick based Environmental Science practice with extensive experience in most types of environmental projects.
		Ecofact Environmental Consultants is a progressive environmental consultancy firm that specializes in solving problems in the natural environment by using a practical business and technical approach.
	www.ecofact.ie (148 words)

	WKU Anth 130 Intro to Arch Classification Lab (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The distinction between artifacts and ecofacts is critical in archaeology.
		In summary, the archaeological record is the scattering of artifacts and ecofacts in and on the earth's surface.
		Ecofacts are not the result of human activity but become associated with artifacts by natural processes.
	www.wku.edu /~darlene.applegate/introtoarch/lab2.html (2326 words)

	World Wide Words: Ecofact
		ecofact is a find at an archaeological site which comes from something living, but which has not been modified by human activity.
		The fact part of artefact comes from Latin factum, something made, so ecofact might mean something created from a living organism, exactly the opposite of the way archaeologists use it.
		However, it is equally possible to parse it as something made by a living organism, which would release archaeologists from the accusation that they’re bad at etymology!
	www.worldwidewords.org /turnsofphrase/tp-eco4.htm (251 words)

	NPS Archeology Program: Archeology for Interpreters
		Determination of this three-dimensional patterning depends on documenting provenience and associations of the individual artifacts, ecofacts, and features with respect to each other and their surrounding environment.
		Minute artifacts and ecofacts such as beads, seeds and bone fragments, may be recovered through flotation-the use of fluid suspension to recover tiny materials from soil-or sieving soil through fine screens.
		All artifacts and ecofacts recovered from a stratum are placed in carefully labeled plastic or paper bags to ensure that their provenience is recorded.
	www.cr.nps.gov /archeology/AFORI/whdo_discov3.htm (1467 words)

	WKU Anth 130 Classification Lab
		Ecofacts are not the result of human activity, but they often are mixed with artifacts in the archaeological record.
		In summary, the archaeological record is the incomplete but more-or-less continuous distribution of artifacts (and ecofacts) in and on the earth's surface in a highly variable density.
		Each student team will be provided with a collection of materials (artifacts and ecofacts) recovered from a hypothetical archaeological site in western Kentucky.
	www.wku.edu /~darlene.applegate/introtoarch/lab2/lab2.html (2744 words)

	UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
		The work led to the development of indicators of botanical diversity which are used in ECOFACT Module 6 to investigate the ecological factors causing change.
		The highest net increase was in the tall grassland/herb habitats which gained 27% plots, mostly by conversion from crops/weeds, fertile and infertile grassland.
		The analysis of botanical change between 1978 and 1990 was limited to approximately 2000 plots which had been surveyed in both 1978 and 1990.
	www.defra.gov.uk /wildlife-countryside/vbc/ecofact2 (3710 words)

	Experimental archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Denmark, the Lejre prehistoric farm carries out even more ambitious work on such diverse topics as artificial Bronze Age and Iron Age burials, prehistoric science and stone tool manufacture in the absence of flint.
		Other types of experimental archaeology may involve burying modern replica artefact s and ecofact s for varying lengths of time to analyse the post-depositional effects on them.
		Other archaeologists have built modern earthwork s and measured the effects of silting in the ditches and weathering and subsidence on the banks to understand better how ancient monuments would have looked.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Experimental_archaeology.html (577 words)

	Delaware Department of Transportation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Therefore, because of the mixed, secondary deposition of the faunal material, it cannot be meaningfully divided into smaller subset and is considered as a single assemblage.
		It should also be noted that the ceramic date support the hypothesis that the artifact and ecofact assemblages have been mixed and redeposited, Forty-four of the vessels listed in Appendix III consisted of sherds found in multiple features, including the two wells.
		The ceramic and bone data indicate that many of the artifacts and ecofacts from the William Strickland Plantation Site were originally scattered across the landscape as sheet refuse and were later used to backfill the large, deep features, especially the wells.
	www.deldot.gov /static/projects/archaeology/william_strickland_plantation/ecofact_analy_faunal.html (2736 words)

	Experimental archaeology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Greek triremes have been reconstructed by skilled sailors from plans and archaeological remains and have been successfully tried out at sea.
		Other types of experimental archaeology may involve burying modern replica artefacts and ecofacts for varying lengths of time to analyse the post-depositional effects on them.
		Other archaeologists have built modern earthworks and measured the effects of silting in the ditches and weathering and subsidence on the banks to understand better how ancient monuments would have looked.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reconstruction_archaeology (486 words)

	ECOFACT 2a Technical Annex - Ellenberg’s indicator values for British Plants
		Vegetation is not only the essential component of most terrestrial ecosystems, but is also important because the plant species themselves carry information about the changes in environmental conditions in which they grow.
		The use of plants as indicators of key environmental factors was formalised by Professor Ellenberg in central Europe and has been adapted for British plants within the ECOFACT project.
		These indicator values are central to the detection of long-term ecological change and have a wide range of applications.
	www.ceh.ac.uk /products/publications/untitled.html (219 words)

	home (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ecofact Environmental Consultants is an Irish environmental consultancy firm providing a wide range of services to commercial and industrial clients, local and government agencies, organizations and private individuals.
		Ecofact Environmental Consultants specialize in Environmental Projects such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Studies.
		We have the qualifications and experience to provide assessments of developments such as road building, wind energy, hydroelectric schemes, housing developments, aquaculture, and mining.
	www.ecofact.ie /About%20us.html (93 words)

	ecofact@Everything2.com
		For the most part, these are things that have been carried places by humans.
		Examples of ecofacts are caches of stone that were collected to make tools (but if they were stored in a structure, that's an artifact or a feature), bones or shells that were left after a meal, and any type of stone, wood, shell, etc, that was carried from it's naturally occurring locale.
		Any item that has been intentionally modified for artistic, functional, or recreational purposes is an artifact, not an ecofact.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node=ecofact (172 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith (Site not responding. Last check: )
		DEFINITION: The refitting or rejoining of artifact or ecofact fragments, especially those of struck stone flakes to recreate the original core.
		It is any attempt to put stone tools and flakes back together again, which provides important information on the processes involved in the knapper's craft.
		The refitting or conjoining of artifact or ecofact fragments, especially those of struck stone flakes to recreate the original core, allows definition of cumulative features, such as the lithic artifact and debitage scatters.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=joining (148 words)

	Archaeology at Crow Canyon: Research at Shields Pueblo 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The research conducted at Shields Pueblo was designed primarily to collect artifact and ecofact assemblages from residential structures occupied and abandoned between A.D. 1050 and 1225, the interval during which Shields Pueblo is thought to have been a focal location within the larger Goodman Point community (Adler 1990:260, 1994; Adler and Varien 1994; Varien 1999).
		As analyses of the artifact and ecofact assemblages collected during the four years of excavation at Shields Pueblo proceed, we will seek to maximize the framework for comparison.
		The 1998 field season was devoted to furthering our systematic sample and to the archaeological testing of possible subterranean structures identified by remote sensing, almost all of which proved to be buried prehistoric structures (Duff and Ryan 1998; Duff et al.
	www.crowcanyon.org /ResearchReports/Shields/Shields_2000_text.htm (9454 words)

	hss_peregrine_worldprehi_1\|The Archaeological Record\|Key Terms
		E. Any artifact, ecofact, fossil, or feature that is unique to a particular time, period and by its presence can be used to indicate the date or an archaeological deposit.
		A. A location where artifacts, ecofacts, fossils, and features are found in context.
		B. An absolute dating method that uses the annual growth rings of trees to determine the year in which a tree died.
	wps.prenhall.com /hss_peregrine_worldprehi_1/0,6702,523707-,00.utf8.html (302 words)

	Delaware Department of Transportation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The earlier description of artifacts and ecofacts from the flotation samples noted the varied types of materials recovered from the flotation analysis.
		The ecofact assemblage was comprised mainly of seeds (Tables 6 and 7).
		Clearly, there is no reason to even consider the prehistoric cultural implications of the presence of species represented by uncharred seeds.
	www.deldot.net /static/projects/archaeology/leipsic_site_sr1/interpret_analysis_flot_materials.html (833 words)

	CS2000 links to other sites (Site not responding. Last check: )
		ECOFACT stands for ECOlogical FACTors controlling biodiversity in the British Countryside.
		The methods developed in this study, especially those described in Volume 2 'Measuring change in British vegetation', were applied within Countryside Survey 2000 for the period 1990 to 1998/99.
		ECOFACT Volumes 1, 2 and 3 are available on the web: click here.
	www.countrysidesurvey.org.uk /links.htm (315 words)

	Urban archaeology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Once the work is finished, the square sheets can be overlaid onto one another to provide a picture of the site.
		By identifying which features cut others and using information from dateable artefacts and ecofacts an archaeologist can isolate various phases of activity and show how the use of the site developed of periods of hundreds or even thousands of years.
		Context record sheets produced by the individual excavators provide further information on each context's nature and relationship with its neighbours.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urban_archaeology (721 words)

	The Nation, 05/11/1963 - II: Seducing the Consumer by Theobald, Robert
		Thus, a marketive will be employed to describe any organization or individual producing goods and/or services in an attempt to make a monetary profit, and an ecofact will be employed to describe any of these goods and services.
		...In this way they hope to convince the consumer that their ecofact is so different from all others that price should be a minor, if not an irrelevant, factor in choosing between ecofacts...
		...Most marketives try to carve out a market for their own ecofacts by stressing some quality which is not available, or which is implied not to be available, in other similar ecofacts...
	www.archive.thenation.com /Summaries/v196i0019_07.htm (1886 words)

	Masson
		This project is particularly interested in empirically documenting the importance of distant exchange in all social sectors of the city in order to reassess models of mercantile and commercial amplification that have been used to explain organizational transformations from the (better known) Classic Period to the Postclassic Period in general.
		Masson’s research is supported by the National Science Foundation and involves the analysis of every class of artifact and ecofact from surface collections, extensive test pitting programs, and horizontal house excavations in conjunction with GIS-based detailed survey and mapping.
		In addition to economic analyses, complementary settlement data will permit analysis of the composition of social groups, of concepts of property ownership, of politics and ethnicity, of the dynamics of rapid abandonment, and re-calculation of the population of the city (nearly twice as large as previously thought).
	www.albany.edu /csda/researchers/Masson.htm (459 words)

	Arcaeology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Archaeology is the study of the artifacts and ecofacts from past cultures as a means of reconstructing past ways of life.
		Experimental Archaeology is a field in which experiments are performed to learn how prehistoric artifacts and features were made and used.
		Ecofact: the remains of plants, animals, or naturally occuring nonorganic substances found at archaeological sites.
	www.iwu.edu /~aglasker/cs120/homework/chapter5/number16.html (161 words)

	Reports Submitted to FAMSI - Robert J. Sharer
		During the 1998 field season Fernando supervised a trained architectural drawer and prepared a series of master plans for each major construction phase that will be used in the creation of the final plans documenting the architectural history of the Acropolis.
		Each recovered artifact, ecofact, and architectural sample is tracked on a computerized data base, using FileMaker Pro software on Macintosh platforms.
		The entries for each of these items provides for continuous updates of their status once they are brought to the field laboratory, including entry of the results of all analyses.
	www.famsi.org /reports/97003/section02.htm (563 words)

	UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
		However, comparisons may be made in various ways eg by expert judgement, the comparison of average composition of the classes or by simulation of the classification process.
		During the course of ECOFACT such comparisons have been made for the major classification systems in use in Great Britain and two of these, based on the C-S-R (Competitor-Stress tolerator-Ruderal) growth strategy model (Grime, Hodgson and Hunt 1988) and the National Vegetation Classification (NVC) (Rodwell 1992), are included in the descriptions in this volume.
		These three gradients of nutrient level, shade/disturbance and soil moisture appear to dominate the main vegetation gradients and the relationships have been confirmed by subsequent statistical analysis in the ECOFACT programme.
	www.defra.gov.uk /wildlife-countryside/vbc/ecofact1/index.htm (4335 words)

	Our Intriguing Past: Lake Minnetonka through the Millennia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ecofacts: non-modified objects with cultural relevancy (faunal, floral)
		Provenience: x, y, z location of the artifact, ecofact, or feature.
		Association: record of what is found in close physical proximity to the artifact, ecofact, or feature.
	www.hamline.edu /cache/ack5400.html (140 words)

	[No title]
		There are a large number of such methods, most of which are conducted by specialists and are beyond the practicality of this class.
		However, we will cover and practice basic lab methods such as cataloging, identification, description, and classification of artifacts and ecofacts.
		The research paper (200 points) will consist of an original analysis of some archaeological materials (artifacts, ecofacts, etc.) that you deal with in the lab setting.
	www.csubak.edu /~ryohe/ant292syl.htm (973 words)

	From the ground up. The publication of archaeological projects: a user needs survey (Site not responding. Last check: )
		buildings, earthworks, field walking, geophysics and aerial photography), as well as related artefact and ecofact (environmental) analysis.
		Grey literature: any work which is not issued for public sale/widespread distribution and does not have an ISBN/ISSN, as is often the case, for instance, with reports derived from small-scale developer-funded projects.
		Project archive: the primary records (including paper, digital (computerised) and microfiche records, plans, notes, recording sheets, and photographs) and the collected remains (including artefacts and ecofacts) resulting from a fieldwork project.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /pubs/puns/punsapp4.3.html (691 words)

	Reports Submitted to FAMSI - Robert J. Sharer
		The finding of these partially preserved post-mortem saprophytes indicates that the tomb was re-entered at some time after the body had decomposed and become skeletonized, as indicated by the presence of cinnabar on parts of the skeleton (ibid.).
		Other analyses of ecofact samples are either underway or planned.
		Two residue samples have been submitted for analysis by Dr. John Sedat of the University of San Francisco to determine their composition.
	www.famsi.org /reports/97003/section06.htm (753 words)

	LECTURE ONE
		Archaeomagnetism or paleomagnetism: a dating technique (SEE dating) using the precession of the equinoxes and resultant shifts in the poles as a way of dating.
		Ecofact: a naturally occurring object which may appear to be made by humans.
		Ecliptic: An imaginary line in the sky drawn to indicate the path of the sun through the sky.
	userhome.brooklyn.cuny.edu /anthro/jbeatty/ETHNOASTRONOMY/LectureOne.htm (1843 words)

	WKU Anth 130 Flotation Lab
		The rockshelter is about 30 km from the Green River, where freshwater molluscs thrived in the past, and about 45 km from chert (flint) outcrops.
		Large ecofacts may be removed and discarded at this time, but check with the instructor before discarding anything.
		Using a trowel, place the heavy fraction you recover from the screen on a labeled tray to dry.
	www.wku.edu /~darlene.applegate/introtoarch/lab1/lab1.html (1501 words)

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