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Topic: Ecological effects of biodiversity

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	Agricultural Biodiversity for Food and Livelihood Security and Food Sovereignty: UKabc Home Page
		Agricultural biodiversity is a vital sub-set of biodiversity.
		So, agricultural biodiversity is not only the result of human activity but human life is dependent on it not just for the immediate provision of food and other goods, but for the maintenance of areas of land that will sustain production and for the maintenance of the wider environment.
		With this decline, agricultural biodiversity is disappearing and the scale of loss is extensive and with the disappearance of harvested species, varieties and breeds goes a wide range of unharvested species.
	www.ukabc.org (2012 words)

	Ecological health - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ecological health or ecological integrity or ecological damage is used to refer to symptoms of an ecosystem's pending loss of carrying capacity, its ability to perform nature's services, or a pending ecocide, due to cumulative causes such as pollution.
		Measures of ecological health, like measures of the more specific principle of biodiversity, tend to be specific to an ecoregion or even to an ecosystem.
		Measures that depend on biodiversity are valid indicators of ecological health as stability and productivity (good indicators of ecological health) are two ecological effects of biodiversity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ecological_health (545 words)

	Biodiversity - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biodiversity or biological diversity is a neologism and a portmanteau word, from bio and diversity.
		For geneticists, biodiversity is the diversity of genes and organisms.
		Biodiversity has contributed in many ways to the development of human culture, and, in turn, human communities have played a major role in shaping the diversity of nature at the genetic, species, and ecological levels.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /biodiversity.htm (2862 words)

	Encyclopedia: Biodiversity
		Biodiversity or biological diversity is the diversity of and in living nature.
		Biodiversity is the variety of life: the different plants, animals and micro-organisms, their genes and the ecosystems of which they are a part.
		A Biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Biodiversity (7911 words)

	Read about Biodiversity at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Biodiversity and learn about Biodiversity here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Rio de Janeiro defined biodiversity as "the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems".
		Edward O. Wilson wrote in 1992, that :The biodiversity is the one of the bigger wealths of the planet, and nevertheless the less recognized as such.
		Nature, points out that the vast majority of Earth's biodiversity is microbial, and that contemporary biodiversity science is "firmly fixated on the visible world" (Nee uses "visible" as a synonym for macroscopic).
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Biodiversity (2706 words)

	Blackwell Synergy - Plant J, Vol 33, Issue 1, pp. 19-46: The release of genetically modified crops into the ...
		To assess the potential ecological impact of field or commercial releases of GM crops in a given region, the likelihood and impact of vertical gene flow for that crop in that region should be taken into consideration.
		The concept 'secondary ecological effects' is a broad, umbrella-like concept covering any impact on ecological relationships as diverse as effects on non-target or beneficial insects to food webs and the integrity of populations of soil biota.
		Investigations of multi-trophic effects were initiated with studies of the impact of Bt GM plants on predators and parasites of the pest insect targeted by Bt.
	www.pages.drexel.edu /~ls39/peer_review/conner.html (13331 words)

	The Ecological Effects of Roads or The Road to Destruction
		Although the effects of different types of roads vary, virtually all are bad, and the net effect of all roads is nothing short of catastrophic.
		In contrast, many indirect effects of roads are cumulative and involve changes in community structure and ecological processes that are not well understood.
		The net, cumulative effect of roads is to diminish the native diversity of ecosystems everywhere.
	home.pacbell.net /mjvande/roads1.htm (8563 words)

	The Ecological Effects of Roads - Wildlands CPR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although the effects of different types of roads vary, virtually all are bad, and the net effect of all roads is nothing short of catastrophic.
		The net, cumulative effect of roads is to diminish the native diversity of ecosystems everywhere.
		Effects of a highway on Mojave Desert rodent populations.
	www.wildlandscpr.org /resourcelibrary/reports/ecoleffectsroads.html (9056 words)

	Ecological effects of prawn trawling on the far northern GBR/ Mapping marine biodiversity of the GBR World Heritage ...
		Ecological effects of prawn trawling on the far northern GBR/ Mapping marine biodiversity of the GBR World Heritage Area.
		The Ecological effects of prawn trawling on the far northern Great Barrier Reef was designed as an environmental impact study on a very large scale; over 10 000 square nautical miles were surveyed and samples collected on over 1000 taxa.
		The results from the Ecological effects of prawn trawling on the far northern Great Barrier Reef provided a comprehensive, authoritative, and objective assessment of the impact of trawling on the GBR environment.
	pandora.nla.gov.au /pan/36657/20030723/www.dpi.qld.gov.au/fishweb/7134.html (513 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ecological effects of biodiversity
		In ecology, an ecosystem is a naturally occurring assemblage of organisms (plant, animal and other living organismsâ€”also referred to as a biotic community or biocoenosis) living together with their environment (or biotope), functioning as a loose unit.
		Empirical is an adjective often used in conjunction with science, both the natural and social sciences, which means an observation or experiment based upon experience that is capable of being verified or disproved.
		Interaction is a kind of action which occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ecological-effects-of-biodiversity (3552 words)

	SCOPE 49 - Methods to Assess Adverse Effects of Pesticides on Non-target Organisms, Chapter 12, Ecological Effects of ...
		An important reason for the serious ecological effects of the chlorinated pesticides is that these pesticides have a high lipid/water coefficient, and thus have a tendency to accumulate in organisms (Pimentel and Edwards, 1982).
		Accuracy in predicting the adverse ecological effects of releasing a genetically engineered organism depends on the specific organism, the type of genetic information introduced, the particular environment into which it is released, and the availability of detailed ecological information.
		The methods employed for detection of the adverse effects of pesticides and biotechnology agents on terrestrial ecosystems depend on whether the system is a crop, grassland, forest, or soil terrestrial ecosystem (Table 12.1).
	www.icsu-scope.org /downloadpubs/scope49/chapter12.html (7294 words)

	Ecological Effects of Excess Nutrients \| Atlantic Ecology Division (AED) \| US EPA
		There is a need to develop models that predict the adverse effects of nutrient enrichment on systems with limited data.
		The methods focus on evaluating the effects of nitrogen enrichment on water column, SAV, and benthic habitats.
		For further information, please contact Jim Latimer (401) 782-3167 latimer.jim@epa.gov at the Atlantic Ecology Division of the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; Matt Liebman (617) 918-1626 liebman.matt@epa.gov at the EPA Region 1 Office; or Ifeyinwa Davis (202) 566-1096 davis.ifeyinwa@epa.gov at the EPA Office of Water.
	www.epa.gov /aed/html/research/eeen.html (300 words)

	Ecological effects of prawn trawling on the far northern Great Barrier Reef/ Mapping marine biodiversity of the GBR ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ecological effects of prawn trawling on the far northern Great Barrier Reef/ Mapping marine biodiversity of the GBR World Heritage Area.
		Ecological effects of prawn trawling on the far northern Great Barrier Reef (GBR)/ Mapping marine biodiversity of the GBR World Heritage Area
		This project will extend the results of Ecological effects of prawn trawling on the far northern Great Barrier Reef project to the whole GBR and will be part of determining future marine representative areas (MRA) for the GBRMPA management plans.
	www.dpi.qld.gov.au /far/9326.html (534 words)

	References: Ecological Effects of Roads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Haskel, D.G. Effects of forest roads on macroinvertebrate soil fauna of the southern Appalachian Mountains.
		Effects of roads on hydrology, geomorphology, and disturbance patches in stream networks.
		Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities.
	www.pacificbio.org /Projects/roadless-mapping/references.htm (164 words)

	Project CLUE. Changing Land Usage, Enhancement of biodiversity and ecosystem development
		To study the effects of community complexity (of both vegetation and soil (micro)organisms) on ecosystem processes and vegetation dynamics on former agricultural, set-aside, land.
		To study the effects of community complexity, as well as manipulation of community development by increasing plant species diversity and by applying stepping stones in a north-south and east-west double gradient to get results applicable at a European scale.
		The only significant biodiversity factor with significant effects is the presence or absence of legumes in the community.
	www.nioo.knaw.nl /cto/clue/clue.htm (980 words)

	Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis
		With contemporary fears of globalization, global warming, species extinction, losses of biodiversity, deforestation, and depletion of many critical resources, advocacy groups and other special interests exaggerate environmental "crises" and fail to place them into their historical bases.
		He illustrates the effect on the forest with a discussion of new, large-scale processes in timber harvest and industrial sawmilling.
		Biodiversity became an objective to be pursued, at least by influential populations in rich countries.
	www.eh.net /bookreviews/library/0656.shtml (2038 words)

	Articles - Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The original origin of life is not well known to science, though limited evidence suggests that life may already have been well-established only a few 100 million years after the formation of the Earth.
		New species are regularly discovered (on average about three new species of birds each year) and many, though discovered, are not yet classified (an estimate states that about 40% of freshwater fish from South America are not yet classified).
		Dissenters (notably economist BjÃ¸rn Lomborg) argue that there is not enough data to support the view of mass extinction, and say abusive extrapolations are being made on the global destruction of rainforests, coral reefs, mangrove swamps, and other rich habitats.
	www.centralairconditioners.net /articles/Biodiversity (3623 words)

	Michigan Biodiversity Laws - Biodiversity Center - Defenders of Wildlife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Habitat conservation was recognized as the most effective method to protect biodiversity.
		However, biodiversity initiatives under the act have not been implemented.
		Training of agency personnel in biodiversity issues is conducted informally by the Natural Features Inventory and through agency in-service programs.
	www.defenders.org /bio-stmi.html (842 words)

	Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro defined biodiversity as:
		The variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems
		Biodiversity researcher Sean Nee, writing in the 24 June 2004 edition of Nature, points out that the vast majority of Earth's biodiversity is microbial, and that contemporary biodiversity science is "firmly fixated on the visible world" (Nee uses "visible" as a synonym for macroscopic).
	hallencyclopedia.com /Biodiversity (2843 words)

	BIOSI: Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Research Group
		This new research Group brings together members of the School whose main interests are the study of ecological and evolutionary processes in animals, plants and microbes.
		Our aim is to understand the ecological and genetic consequences of environmental change on local and global biodiversity at the individual, population and community level.
		In Cardiff our approach is to focus on processes and prediction, combining ecological and molecular approaches, and we seek to unify these themes from contrasting groups of organisms.
	www.cf.ac.uk /biosi/research/biodiversity (195 words)

	North Dakota Biodiversity Laws - Biodiversity Center - Defenders of Wildlife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Natural Heritage Program provides for the only inventory of ecological resources, to include information on the status and distribution of exemplary natural communities, rare, endangered and threatened plant and animal species and unique geological features.
		The public trust doctrine has been used to impose environmental planning responsibilities on the state to evaluate the effects of major water diversions.
		Under the bill, a taking was defined as an action that reduces the value of property by more than 50 percent, excluding political subdivisions and legitimate land use regulation.
	www.defenders.org /bio-stnd.html (760 words)

	ecology and biodiversity: The Ecological Effects of Roads
		expect that the barrier effect of roads would be less severe in more open habitats, where the contrast between the road and adjoining habitat is less.
		The effects of herbicides on wildlife and ecosystems have been poorly studied, but anyone who has witnessed the destruction of wild flowers and other plants along roadsides (even through parks) for the sake of tidiness has cause to complain.
		Edge effects, once considered favourable for wildlife because many game species (e.g., White-tailed Deer, Eastern Cottontail, Northern Bobwhite) are edge-adapted, are now seen as one of the most harmful consequences of habitat fragmentation.
	www.eco-action.org /dt/roads.html (8646 words)

	Ecological Effects of Helicopter Overflights on King Penguins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ecological Effects of Helicopter Overflights on King Penguins
		During November 2000, Dr Richard Stone of the British Antarctic Survey and a field assistant traveled to the remote, sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia to study the ecological effects of helicopters on king penguins.
		Dr Stone carried out a rigorous experimental study to examine the ecological effects of Lynx helicopter overflights on breeding king penguins at South Georgia during December 2000.
	www.antarctica.ac.uk /BAS_Science/programmes2000-2005/Independent/penguin_helos.html (910 words)

	Long Term Ecological Research Network
		The LTER Network has been funded to conduct a 2-year planning process for synthesis and Network-level research for the coming decade(s).
		Ecological effects of altered biogeochemical cycles at multiple scales
		Ecological responses to climate change and climate variability
	www.lternet.edu /planning (341 words)

	Effects on nitrogen on vegetation and biodiversity
		This complexity makes it difficult to disentangle the effects of deposited nitrogen out there in the real world, except where there is an isolated, single source with high rates of emission such as an intensive poultry or pig unit.
		The effects of nitrogen deposition have been studied more on this community than any other, largely because of experience in the Netherlands.
		To many people, moss is just another pest that covers their lawn during wet weather but there are good reasons why we should be concerned about the effects of nitrogen on them.
	www.ncl.ac.uk /gane/page9.htm (967 words)

	BIOSI: Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Research Group Staff: William O.C. SYMONDSON PhD
		These primers may help us to study the effects these predators may be having on endemic species of high conservation value.
		We are conducting experiments to determine the effects of Bt-transformed crops and nematode biocontrol agents on soil food webs.
		Experiments are being conducted on the detection of prey DNA within predator faeces as a non-invasive method for determining the diets of vertebrates.
	www.cf.ac.uk /biosi/research/biodiversity/staff/wocs.html (2289 words)

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