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Topic: Ecological modernization

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	Ecological modernization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Proponents of ecological modernization assert that it is possible and desirable to both develop economically and socially and at the same time conserve the environment.
		As a strategy of change, ecological modernization is promoted by business interests because, it seemingly meets the triple bottom line of economics, society and environment that is held underpin sustainability, yet does not challenge free market principles.
		Perhaps the harshest criticism though, is that ecological modernization is predicated upon the notion of 'sustainable growth', and in reality this is not possible because growth entails the consumption of natural and human capital at great costs to ecosystems and societies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ecological_modernization (662 words)

	[No title]
		Ecological modernization is used as a theoretical approach to analyze the discursive construction of the gröna folkhemmet and to evaluate the outcomes of Swedish green industrial policy.
		Ecological Modernization and Industrial Restructuring Ecological modernization was born in the 1980s as a theory that aimed to counter anti-growth and anti-productivity currents in environmentalism by claiming that an ecological industrial transformation could accrue within existing (capitalist) institutions and create ‘win-win’ scenarios between relevant stakeholders (business, government and environmentalists).
		At the opposite end of the spectrum, ecological modernization in its neo-liberal form is one that is mostly concerned with economic rationality and is interested in using environmental concerns as a means to justify the ongoing hegemony of capitalist organization.
	www.yorku.ca /cnsconf/present/haley_cns.doc (19379 words)

	Ecological Modernisation Around the World - Introduction
		Although Ecological Modernisation Theory is the central focus of this work, neither we, the editors, nor the individual authors interpret it as the only valid approach.
		Ecological Modernisation Theory was first developed in the early 1980s primarily in a small group of western European countries, notably Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK).
		Ecological Modernisation Theory’s accommodation with concerns about global and local inequality illustrate this dynamic, as are efforts to ‘stretch’ it to address or explain dynamics in the vastly different political contexts of transitional societies, both in Europe and Asia.
	www.tricity.wsu.edu /sonn/ecomod_intro.htm (4040 words)

	Principle of Sustainable Development
		Ecological modernization refers to the transformation of societal institutions (e.g., the economy) via changes in values, "radical resource productivity", biomimicry, and a "cradle-to-cradle" economy.
		Leopold taught that “an ethic, ecologically is a limitation on freedom of action in the struggle for existence” (1989: 202).
		Consequently, ecological systems and biodiversity need to be protected by ensuring that "the manufacturing, financial, agricultural, and building processes of development are undertaken in ways that demonstrate full stewardship of what is used and what is produced" (Kinlaw, 1993; Hempel, 1999).
	www.vsjf.org /sd-whatis/principles.shtml (1410 words)

	Germany Info: Information Services: Archives: Background Papers
		Ecological modernization represents a key element of the German government’s future technology and industry policy.
		Ecological modernization is modeled after the concept of sustainability.
		The modernization of the rail network is to stepped up by gradually bringing the investment volumes allocated for roads and the railway into line with one another.
	www.germany-info.org /relaunch/info/archives/background/policies4.html (842 words)

	SSPP: The role of local ecological knowledge in sustainable urban planning: perspectives from Finland
		Unlike ecological research information, which includes precise scientific knowledge about species composition, diversity, habitat requirements and characteristics, and population sizes (Yli-Pelkonen and Niemelä, 2005), LEK is not a result of a systematic scientific study; its strength is in a lengthy series of local observations (Folke et al., 2003).
		Ecological modernization (as a political program, on one hand, and as a theory of social change on the other (Spaargaren, 2000)) has described new possibilities for citizen participation, but its challenges have also been widely recognized (Spaargaren, 1997).
		According to ecological modernization theory, the relationship between lay-actors (non-scientists) and experts (scientists), and the relationship between science and, for example, environmental policymaking, has undergone fundamental changes now that scientific uncertainties are no longer an internal matter for the scientific community (Spaargaren, 2000).
	ejournal.nbii.org /archives/vol1iss1/0410-007.yli-pelkonen.html (8217 words)

	WU Environmental Policy: RESEARCH
		Especially via the notions of ecological rationality and the differentiation of an ecological sphere general sociological theories are extended.
		Besides a theoretical elaboration of the main concepts of the theory of reflexive modernisation and risk society (Beck and Giddens), especially risk experience, de- and re-routinisation of daily practices, and trust in expert systems under late modern conditions, an extensive case study on dealing with risks connected with drinking water is being done.
		Central questions are: can a tendency be distinguished of universalization of ecological modernization around the globe, to what extent can ideas of ecological modernization be used in studying non-OECD countries, and what are the positive or detrimental effects of political programmes of ecological modernization in the North for ecological reform programmes in developing countries.
	www.sls.wau.nl /es/research.html (5288 words)

	IHDP-IT Research Proposal
		Ecological modernization theory has been used to provide a framework to analyze the way contemporary industrialized countries deal with the environmental crisis.
		In so doing, ecological modernization theory profits from and tries to ‘integrate’ distinct bodies of academic knowledge, including theories on industrial ecology and industrial metabolism; theories on socio-technological change; perspectives on changing state regulation styles and strategies regarding the environment; new social movement theories; and contributions from institutional economics.
		Our central argument is that ecological modernization theory forms a useful starting point to understand and contribute to environmental reform processes in such countries, be it that an ecological modernization theory for transitional and newly industrializing countries will differ on major points from the original, West-European centrist one.
	www.sls.wau.nl /es/ihdp-it.htm (3272 words)

	Ulrich Beck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ulrich Beck (born May 15, 1944) is a German sociologist who holds a professorship at Munich University and at the London School of Economics.
		He studies modernization, ecological problems, individualization and globalization.
		Recently he has also embarked on exploring the changing conditions of work in a world of increasing global capitalism, declining influence of unions and flexibilisation of the labor process, a new theory rooted in the concept of cosmopolitanism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ulrich_Beck (486 words)

	Ecological modernization: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Ecological modernization is an optimistic environmental Environmental movement quick summary:
		An environment is a complex of external factors that acts on a system and determines its course and form of existence....
		Finally the achievements of ecological modernization are unspecific.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ec/ecological_modernization.htm (457 words)

	Environmental movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Often, low-income and minority communities are located close to highways, garbage dumps, and factories, where they are exposed to greater pollution and environmental health risk than the rest of the population.
		Some resemble the old U.S. conservation movement - whose modern expression is the Nature Conservancy, Audubon Society and National Geographic Society - American organizations with a worldwide influence.
		Groups such as The Bioregional Revolution are calling on the need to bridge these differences, as the converging problems of the 21st century they claim compel us to unite and to take decisive action.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Environmental_movement (2182 words)

	Ecological Modernization Research
		Ecological Modernization in East and Southeast Asian High Performance Economies (with Arthur P.J. Mol, et al.) [proposal]
		Sonnenfeld, David A. "Social Movements and Ecological Modernization: the Transformation of Pulp and Paper Manufacturing," Development and Change, Vol.
		Sonnenfeld, David A. "Contradictions of Ecological Modernisation: Pulp and Paper Manufacturing in South-East Asia," Environmental Politics, Vol.
	www.tricity.wsu.edu /sonn/research_ecomod.htm (393 words)

	Unsustainability as a Frame of Mind-and How We Disguise It: The Silent Counter-revolution and the Politics of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Advanced modern societies, confronted with the social and ecological side effects of their hitherto dominant mode of progress and development, have adopted sustainable development as their mantra.
		Against this background, we may conclude that the discourse and policies of ecological modernization and sustainable development function to simulate the possibility and desirability of environmental justice and integrity without genuinely aiming to address, let alone reverse, the fundamental unsustainability of late-modern society.
		Education for sustainability and the project of ecological modernization may be societal strategies designed to disguise the unsustainability of late-modern society, but a viable alternative to such strategies is not available.
	trumpeter.athabascau.ca /content/v18.1/bluhdorn.html (3201 words)

	SSPP: The politics of sustainable consumption: the case of the Netherlands
		In seeking to understand the current political status of sustainable consumption in the Dutch context, we draw on the theory of ecological modernization, which appears at present to be informing the activities of many of the relevant actors (see, for example, van Driel et al., 1993; Mol and Spaargaren, 1993; Duyvendak et al., 1999).
		On balance, then, the situation concerning the ecological modernization of consumption is one in which several frontrunner domains have reached a “take-off phase,” while others, because they are more resistant to environmental reform, are currently lagging behind.
		In particular, large segments of the country’s environmental movement have adopted ecological modernization as a central ideological tenet.
	ejournal.nbii.org /archives/vol1iss1/0410-009.martens.html (10618 words)

	U. E. Simonis - INDUSTRIAL RESTRUCTURING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - THREE STRATEGIC ELEMENTS
		Given the actual and the pending ecological crisis, the question on whether these economic principles can be changed, reshaped and finally brought into harmony with ecological principles, on which level, in what way, and at what time, is, of course, a controversial question in both theory and practice, and a challenge to the social sciences.
		With ecological accounting the amount of energy, materials, waste, land use etc. are computed and, by simulating the given shortage, accounting units are determined which then enter the accounts.
		According to the deliberations in the preceding chapters, industrial restructuring for sustainable development of ecological modernization obviously is a demanding concept, both methodologicaly and practically.
	users.hol.gr /~bio/HTML/PUBS/VOL2/hd-simon.htm (5570 words)

	The Greens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		On 22 September the decision on whether our politics of the ecological and social modernization of Germany will be consistently continued.
		We stand for modern consumer politics and want to implement rights: right to security, the right to information, the right to freedom of election and the right air grievances.
		Ecological modernization and economic concerns are compatible with one another, because environmental protection creates additional and lasting jobs.
	itrs.scu.edu /elections/page8.htm (240 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Green States and Social Movements
		The analysis covers the entire sweep of the modern environmental era that begins in the 1970s, emphasizing the comparative history of four countries: the US, UK, Germany, and Norway, each of which captures a particular kind of interest representation.
		Ecological modernization and the growing salience of environmental risks mean that environmental conservation can now emerge as a basic priority of government, growing out of entrenched economic and legitimation imperatives.
		The end in view is a green state, on a par with earlier transformations that produced first the liberal capitalist state and then the welfare state.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/politicalscience/0199249024/toc.html (366 words)

	Ecological modernisation in the Danish organic food sector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Ecological modernisation in the Danish organic food sector
		The Danish food sector has experienced an ecological modernization in parts of the production since the 1990's, when supermarkets and retailers began to sell and promote organic products.
		The concept of ecological modernisation states that environmental improvements and changes can be made inside the ruling institutional organisations and on ordinary market terms and create cultural changes and reforms in the institutions.
	www.organic-research.com /Reviews.asp?action=display&openMenu=relatedItems&ReviewID=1143&Year=2004 (415 words)

	International Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The chemical industry is in the middle of a process of ecological modernization, extending far beyond modish window-dressing.
		The theory of ecological modernization explains the forces, mechanisms and dynamics of environmental reform in modern society.
		Its value is illustrated in the analysis of the ecological restructuring of the chemical industry on a national and global scale.
	www.antenna.nl /~i-books/ib/pages/979.html (197 words)

	IBS Newsletter
		The authors engage theories of sustainable development and ecological modernization to produce a political economic model of recycling.
		Our use of these non-renewable resources has not only produced ecological and social devastation in the habitats where extraction takes place (Nigeria and Colombia are particularly extreme examples), but the production and refinement of petroleum is also associated with myriad disasters as well.
		What this means is that oil refineries in the United States, for example, have an unenviable record of accidents (explosions, burns, spills) that routinely kill, injure, and jeopardize the health of workers and residents.
	www.colorado.edu /ibs/newsletter/news0005.html (2284 words)

	Organizing ecological revolution \| EnergyBulletin.net \| Peak Oil News Clearinghouse
		My subject—organizing ecological revolution—has as its initial premise that we are in the midst of a global environmental crisis of such enormity that the web of life of the entire planet is threatened and with it the future of civilization.
		The Policy Reform approach is prefigured in various international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol on global warming and the environmental reform measures advanced by the earth summits in Rio in 1992 and Johannesburg in 2002.
		Such a revolution, were it to generate the conditions of equality, sustainability, and human freedom worthy of a genuine Great Transition, would necessarily draw its major impetus from the struggles of working populations and communities at the bottom of the global capitalist hierarchy.
	www.energybulletin.net /9529.html (3892 words)

	Urban Ecology and Design: Working Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		“Ecological footprints: The biophysical factor in urban sustainability,” Ekistics 64.385-387 (1997): 171-181.
		ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 [Rees describes a novel approach to assessing the ecological role of cities and to estimate the scale of the impact they are having on the ecosphere.
		It argues that planning practice is grappling with new treatments of place, based on dynamic, relational constructs, rather than the Euclidean, deterministic, and one-dimensional treatments inherited from the 'scientific' approaches of the 1960s and early 1970s.
	www-rcf.usc.edu /~vasishth/Urban_Ecology-bibl.html (5619 words)

	ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION OR ENVIRONMENTAL
		DCD thus considered it reasonable to incorporate an ecological modernization discourse yet remain within a framework ultimately defined by orthodox economic cost-recovery principles (a common danger, internationally).
		World Development Report on infrastructure had set out an ecological modernization argument that linked these discourses: “[The] block tariff links price to volume, and it is more efficient at reaching the poor than a general subsidy because it limits subsidized consumption.
		As for ecological activism, however, there remains a great deal of conscientization required before the (traditionally white, middle-class) leadership of activist groups take the “brown agenda” (urban low-income people’s immediate ecological needs) on board and thereby confront the limits of ecological modernization discourses, and indeed the structural conditions that lie behind South Africa’s environmental crises.
	instdev.concordia.ca /ForumEnvironnement/PatrickBond/EconomicGrowth.htm (8569 words)

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