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Topic: Ecological succession

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	ScienceDaily: Ecological succession
		Ecological succession, a fundamental concept in ecology, refers to more-or-less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community.
		Ecological succession -- Ecological succession, a fundamental concept in ecology, refers to more-or-less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community.
		Ecological niche -- In ecology, a niche is a term describing the relational position of a species or population in an ecosystem.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/Ecological_succession (0 words)

	Ecological Succession
		"Ecological succession" is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
		The "engine" of succession, the cause of ecosystem change, is the impact of established species have upon their own environments.
		Ecological succession may also occur when the conditions of an environment suddenly and drastically change.
	www.psu.edu /dept/nkbiology/naturetrail/succession.htm (0 words)

	Ecology - New World Encyclopedia Preview
		Ecological factors that can affect dynamic change in a population or species in a given ecology or environment are usually divided into two groups: biotic and abiotic.
		Lastly, an ecological crisis may be local (an oil spill, a fire, or eutrophication of a lake), widespread (the movement of glaciers during an ice age), or global (a rise in the sea level).
		Ecological succession is the process by which a natural community moves from a simpler level of organization to a more complex community (e.g., from bare sand, to grass growing on the sand, to grass growing on dirt produced from dead grass, to trees growing in the dirt produced by the grass).
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /preview/Ecology (5072 words)

	Ecological succession - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ecological succession, a fundamental concept in ecology, is the process by which a natural community moves from a simpler level of organisation to a more complex community.
		A very early stage of an ecological succession may be a bare rock slightly covered by moss, or a mud flow slowly being colonized by a grass.
		Ecological succession was formerly seen as having an end-stage called the climax, which was thought to represent the ultimate vegetation (called the climax community) in an equilibrium that depends on the local climate.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Ecological_succession (777 words)

	9(i) Plant Succession
		Succession is a directional non-seasonal cumulative change in the types of plant species that occupy a given area through time.
		Secondary succession - is the invasion of a habitat by plants on land that was previously vegetated.
		Autogenic succession - is a succession where both the plant community and environment change, and this change is caused by the activities of the plants over time.
	www.physicalgeography.net /fundamentals/9i.html (0 words)

	Introduction - Wetland Restoration: Accelerating Natural Ecological Succession
		Achieving success in ecological restoration requires that we understand the processes that structure ecosystems.
		Through natural succession, ecological systems develop characteristic attributes, depending on their physical properties and the interaction of the biota with these physical conditions.
		Unfortunately, the regulatory time in which success of ecological restoration is judged is usually much shorter than the time required for the ecosystem to achieve sustainability.
	www.uga.edu /~srel/ESSite/IntroWetland_restoration.htm (218 words)

	SparkNotes: SAT Subject Test: Biology: Ecological Succession
		Typically, as a community moves through the stages of succession, it is characterized by an increase in total biomass, a greater capacity to retain nutrients within the system, increasing species diversity, and increasing size and life spans of organisms.
		In ecological succession, the populations that make up a community change, but the characteristics of the individuals within the population will not change over time.
		Ecological succession is something that happens to communities, while evolution happens to populations.
	www.sparknotes.com /testprep/books/sat2/biology/chapter10section4.rhtml (0 words)

	[Regents Prep Living Environment] Ecology: Ecological Succession
		The type of succession which occurs in an ecosystem depends upon climatic and other limitations of a given geographical area.
		Over time, the succession occurs in a series of plant stages which leads to a stable final community which is very similar to the plant community which originally existed in the ecosystem.
		It has been observed that when natural disasters occur, such as a floods or fires, the damaged ecosystem is likely to recover in a series of successional stages that eventually result in a stable system similar to the original one that occupied the area.
	regentsprep.org /Regents/biology/units/ecology/ecological.cfm (0 words)

	Wild World Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These pioneer plants have characteristics that particularly suit their role in the early stages of succession, such as a rapid growth rate and the ability to produce large amounts of small, easily dispersed seeds.
		A relict species may be one that had a wider range but is now found only in particular areas (like the European white elm tree in western Siberia), or it may have survived relatively unchanged from an older period when other kinds of species went extinct (such as horseshoe crabs).
		the repair of ecological damage to an ecosystem so that it is close to the natural condition prior to a disturbance and it can function as a normal self-regulating system.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/glossary.html (1577 words)

	Ecological Succession Summary
		Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time.
		The actual species involved in a succession in a particular area are controlled by such factors as the geology and history of the area, the climate, microclimate, weather, soil type and other environmental factors.
		For example, the species involved in a succession from open freshwater to climax woodland in Central Africa, would be quite different to those which have been quoted in these pages as occurring in Britain.
	www.countrysideinfo.co.uk /successn/summary.htm (659 words)

	Mark McCleery's Biology Essay (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Succession is a result of these changes and is defined as a series of progressive changes in an area with one community replacing the other until a climax community is created.
		The sequence of communities during succession is known as a sere, the type of sere is determined by the environment being colonised, eg a hydrosere is a series of successions in an aquatic environment and a xerosere is a succession beginning in a dry area.
		Succession is highly important, especially in agriculture where the demand for high yield is directly responsible for basic conflicts in the ecosystem.
	www.btinternet.com /~fulton/mark.htm (1193 words)

	Ecological succession at AllExperts
		Ecological succession was formerly seen as having a stable end-stage called the climax (see Frederic Clements), sometimes referred to as the 'potential vegetation' of a site, shaped primarily by the local climate.
		His paper, "The ecological relations of the vegetation of the sand dunes of Lake Michigan" in 1899 in the Botanical Gazette is one of the classic publications in the history of the field of ecology.
		Understanding of succession was long dominated by the theories of Frederic Clements, a contemporary of Cowles, who held that successional sequences of communities (seres), were highly predictable and culminated in a climatically determined stable climax.
	en.allexperts.com /e/e/ec/ecological_succession.htm (911 words)

	ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS IN NORTHWESTERN ARKANSAS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ecological succession of upland plant communities in northwestern METHODS Ten plots ranging from 4 to 24 acres and averaging 16 acres were chosen for uniformity and for representativeness of upland subsere succession.
		SUCCESSION AND BIRD POPULATION DENSITY A general increase in avian species and density through progressive successional communities toward climax vegetation was found by Saunders (1936) in New York, Kendeigh (1948) in Michigan, Karr (1968) in Illinois, Odum (1950) in North Carolina, Johnston and Odum (1956) in Georgia, and Haapanen (1965) in Finland.
		Ecological succession of upland plants in the Ozark Highlands (Figure 1) varies regionally with the nature of the bedrock (Cozzens, 1940).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v090n01/p0062-p0077.html (7421 words)

	Goldsmith: Ecological succession rehabilitated.
		Succession was regarded by Frederick Clements as fundamental to the developing science of ecology.
		To accept the principle of ecological succession to a climax is thus to accept the destructive nature of economic development which, from the ecological point of view, rather than being identified with 'progress' must, on the contrary, be classified as 'regress'.
		In line with current scientific dogma, ecological succession tends to be explained today in terms of competition and in terms too of the properties of populations rather than of whole ecosystems.
	www.edwardgoldsmith.com /page119.html (6029 words)

	succession - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Apostolic Succession, in Christian theology, the doctrine asserting that the apostles designated their successors as bishops through prayer and the...
		Succession is the act or process of following in order or sequence.
		Succession planning enables your organization to identify talented employees and provide education to develop them for future higher level and broader responsibilities.
	encarta.msn.com /succession.html (226 words)

	Ecological Succession (Site not responding. Last check: )
		"Ecological succession" is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
		The "engine" of succession, the cause of ecosystem change, is the impact of established species have upon their own environments.
		Ecological succession may also occur when the conditions of an environment suddenly and drastically change.
	www.nk2.psu.edu /naturetrail/succession.htm (1250 words)

	American Environmental Photographs, 1891-1936 - Ecology and the American Environment (American Memory from the Library ...
		Cowles argued that the natural succession of plant forms in time could be traced in physical space as one moved inland from the open lake beach across ancient shorelines through the shifting dunes to the interior forest.
		By showing that the natural processes of succession and climax were not confined to an isolated environment such as the Dunes, Cowles demonstrated that the composition of plant life in any setting must be understood as the result of constant flux and change in relations within plant communities and among communities and their environs.
		While Cowles's theories of ecological community and plant succession have been modified and extended by more recent generations of scientists, they continue to be considered among the most significant departures in the modern understanding of the natural environment.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/collections/ecology/aepsp4.html (883 words)

	[No title]
		Allogenic mechanisms of succession are changes in the environment caused by physical processes which are relatively independent of the vegetation itself.
		Biogenic mechanisms of succession refer to a sudden change in the biota which has a major influence on succession (e.g., introduction of a plant disease which removes a major plant species, introduction of an herbivore which significantly affects plant populations).
		Is it appropriate to describe a sere as being “autogenic succession,” “allogenic succession,” or “biogenic succession?” Classical Theories of Succession 1.
	www.colorado.edu /geography/courses/geog_4371_f05/handouts/14_Succession_And_Climax_Concepts.doc (623 words)

	Essay: Ecological Succession. - Coursework.info
		Succession is "A sequence of ecological changes in an area whereby one group of plant or animal species successively gives way to another, culminating in a climax community." This succession occurs in a number of sereal stages.
		A sere is a stage in a sequence of events by which succession occurs.
		There are four main areas where succession occurs rocky environment called a lithosere, sandy environment called a psammosere, a fresh water environment called a hydrosere and a salt-water environment called a halosere.
	www.coursework.info /GCSE/Geography/Ecological_Succession_L58736.html (198 words)

	succession - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		The gradual replacement of one type of ecological community by another in the same area, involving a series of orderly changes, especially in the dominant vegetation.
		Succession is usually initiated by a significant disturbance of an existing community.
		Family succession is the passing of one person's assets and role in the family onto an heir.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/succession (1055 words)

	Chapter 3: Plant Invasion and Succession
		Because of environmental, ecological and economical concerns, the appropriateness and effectiveness of rangeland weed management practices are being questioned.
		The ecological and economic impacts of invasive species are felt from the local to the global scale.
		This theory states that the outcome of succession is based on the ability of a plant to sequester a limiting resource.
	www.weedcenter.org /textbook/3_sheley_invasion_succession.html (5615 words)

	3255J1.00
		Ecological succession is a series of sequential changes caused by populations of a community producing conditions that are unfavorable for their own survival.
		During succession, organisms tend to change their environment in such a way as to make conditions less favorable for themselves and more favorable for other organisms.
		A climax community is the final stage of ecological succession, in w hich no major changes occur in the kinds of species or the structure of the community.
	www.utm.edu /staff/ceceone/ecology/3255j1.htm (3247 words)

	EssayExample
		Clearly, succession is a complex process and significant questions remain to be answered about the relative importance of the types of relationships modeled here, and about other variables which influence ecological succession.
		This individualistic level of analysis anticipates the modem definition of succession used by Farrell, wherein succession is reduced to a collection of explanations for the appearance and disappearance of each species in a sequence of observed stages.
		Odum (1969) discusses ecological succession as a directional, developmental process during which a collection of correlated trends may be expected to occur.
	www.neiu.edu /~jkasmer/Biol498D/example.htm (2057 words)

	Plant Succession on the Colorado Plateau
		Succession that occurs in an area that was previously vegetated is termed secondary succession.
		Numerous ecological studies across the Southwest have documented the decline in herbaceous vegetation (grasses and non-woody flowering plants) while forests thicken and brush invades.
		Successful prediction of vegetation change hinges on a better understanding of climatically driven disturbance regimes and the relative contributions of regional versus local processes to community dynamics.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Biota/succession.htm (705 words)

	Dr. Samuel Faulkner : Ecological Succession
		Ecological succession is defined as change in the composition of species in the landscape over time.
		Although this is strictly a generalization, as succession progresses, the number of species in a community (species diversity) and the total biomass tend to increase.
		Succession can be influenced by such factors as season, climatic conditions, or by which species happen to arrive first.
	www.marshdoc.com /ecological_succession/ecosuccession.html (1053 words)

	Conservation Ecology: Modeling Forest Succession among Ecological Land Units in Northern Minnesota (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Results were used to suggest refinements to current ecological land classification practices, as well as to address the use of simulation modeling tools in forest management.
		A fundamental tenet of ecological land classification is that the identified ecological units differ not only in state variables, but also in functional processes, such as nutrient cycling, forest succession, and response to management or disturbance.
		Because soils are an integral part of ecological classification, it follows that the model can be used not only for assessing successional pathways among ecosystems, but also for predicting their response to silvicultural treatment.
	sunsite.wits.ac.za /eco/vol2/iss2/art15 (4754 words)

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