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Topic: Economic History of Communist Czechoslovakia

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	History of Czechoslovakia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers and of the Slovaks against Hungarisation and their Hungarian rulers.
		Czechoslovakia became a satellite state of the Soviet Union; it was a founding member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) in 1949 and of the Warsaw Pact in 1955.
		Although Czechoslovakia's industrial growth of 170 percent between 1948 and 1957 was impressive, it was far exceeded by that of Japan (300 percent) and the Federal Republic of Germany (almost 300 percent) and more than equaled by Austria and Greece.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia (3019 words)

	Economic history of communist Czechoslovakia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When the KSČ assumed complete political and economic control in February 1948, it began immediately to transform the Czechoslovak economy into a miniature version of that of the Soviet Union.
		The years 1954 and 1955 were covered by yearly plans only; the scheduling change was part of an effort by the members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) to correlate and integrate their planning by using common planning periods.
		During the final three years, however, an economic recovery made up for the earlier poor performances; according to official calculations, the country succeeded in either meeting or surpassing domestic goals during the plan period as a whole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economic_history_of_communist_Czechoslovakia (3011 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Communist Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ;) was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992.
		Czechoslovakia became a satellite of the Soviet Union; it was a founding member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) in 1949 and of the Warsaw Pact in 1955.
		Categories: Czechoslovakia Eastern Europe is, by convention, that part of Europe from the Ural and Caucasus mountains in the East to an arbitrarily chosen boundary in the West.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Communist-Czechoslovakia (3360 words)

	Politics of Communist Czechoslovakia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Czechoslovakia continued to demonstrate subservience to the policies of the (additional info and facts about Communist Party of the Soviet Union) Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in domestic and especially in foreign affairs.
		The extent of the repression during the early years of the rule by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Komunistická strana Československa — the KSČ;) was unprecedented.
		The 1968 constitutional amendments redefined Czechoslovakia as a federation of two equal states and nations, the Czech nation and the Slovak nation, and increased the responsibilities of the constituent republics.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Po/Politics_of_Communist_Czechoslovakia.htm (868 words)

	History of Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Czechoslovakia became a satellite of the Soviet Union; it was a founding member of the Councilfor Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) in 1949 and of the Warsaw Pact in 1955.
		Although Czechoslovakia's industrial growth of 170 percent between 1948 and 1957 was impressive, it was far exceeded bythat of Japan (300 percent) and the Federal Republic of Germany (almost 300 percent) and more than equaled by Austria and Greece.
		The movement to democratize socialism in Czechoslovakia, formerly confined largely to the partyintelligentsia, acquired a new, popular dynamism in the spring of 1968 (Prague Spring).
	www.therfcc.org /history-of-czechoslovakia-37124.html (2804 words)

	Economy of Communist Czechoslovakia Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The main difference is that while in market economies, decisions by individual consumers and producers tend automatically to regulate supply and demand, consumption and investment, and other economic variables, in most communist economies, these variables are determined by a small governing group and are incorporated in a national plan that has the force of law.
		Czechoslovakia, by contrast, was a small country that had already reached a high level of industrialization and was rather heavily dependent on foreign trade when the Soviet system was first imposed after World War II.
		Since 1969, economic plans for the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic have been produced by their own planning commissions, although the central plan remained the most important.
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Economy_of_Communist_Czechoslovakia (2577 words)

	Czechoslovakia biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Czechoslovakia (Czech: Československo, Slovak: Česko-Slovensko/before 1990 Československo) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1992 (except for the World War II period).
		Czechoslovakia arose in October 1918 as one of the succession states of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I.
		The Czechoslovakia national football team was a consistent performer in the international scene, with 8 appearances in the FIFA World Cup Finals, finishing in second-place in 1934 and 1962.
	czechoslovakia.biography.ms (1369 words)

	Czechoslovakia -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The creation of Czechoslovakia was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers.
		Because Czechoslovakia inherited the greater part of the industries of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, it was economically the most favored of the Hapsburg successor states.
		Under Communist rule, Czechoslovakia had a Soviet-style planned economy in which its highly developed industry as well as trade, banking, and agriculture were under state control.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/czechosl_history.asp (1674 words)

	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In the early 1960's, Czechoslovakia underwent an economic downturn, and in 1968, the KSČ; was taken over by reformers led by Alexander Dubček.
		In the 1980s, driven by the need for "intensive" economic development, the party relaxed its rigid rule about young workers' priority in admissions and allowed district and regional committees to be flexible in their recruitment policy, as long as the overall proportion of workers did not decrease.
		In part, this was a measure of disaffection with Czechoslovakia's thoroughgoing subservience to Soviet hegemony, a Svejkian response to the lack of political economic autonomy.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Communist-Party-of-Czechoslovakia.htm (3574 words)

	Economic history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Economic history is the application of economic theories to historical study.
		Cliometrics is the use of econometric techniques to study economic history.
		EH.Net Economic History Services - Includes Economic History Encyclopedia, Ask the Professor, Book Reviews, databases, directories, bibliographies, mailing lists, and an inflation calculator.
	www.wikipedia.com /wiki/Economic%2Bhistory (97 words)

	Agriculture of Communist Czechoslovakia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This article is part of the main article (A former republic in central Europe; divided into Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993) Czechoslovakia.
		The total land area of postwar Czechoslovakia was nearly 128,000 km², of which almost 68,000 km² was considered agricultural land.
		The chairman of a cooperative or the director of a state farm held most of the power in the organization, and the subordinate levels are severely restricted in their decision making.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/A/Ag/Agriculture_of_Communist_Czechoslovakia.htm (1469 words)

	History of Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In February 1948, when the Communists definitively took power, Czechoslovakia was declared a "people's democracy"(till 1960)--a preliminary step toward socialism and, ultimately, communism.
		Benes refused to sign the Communist Constitution of 1948 and resigned from the presidency; he was succeeded by Gottwald.
		As a result, the troops of Warsaw Pact countries (except Rumania) invaded Czechoslovakia during the night of August 20-21.
	www.portaljuice.com /history_of_czechoslovakia.html (2974 words)

	History of Czecholsovakia, 1918-1992
		History of the Territory and its Inhabitants before 1918.
		"The Germans in Pre-war Czechoslovakia." In: Mamatey and LuÏa, eds.
		A History of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia.
	www.columbia.edu /~bfa4/cs.html (599 words)

	Czechoslovakia
		Czechoslovakia was created in 1918 from territory that had previously been part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		Adolf Hitler wanted to march into Czechoslovakia but his generals warned him that with its strong army and good mountain defences Czechoslovakia would be a difficult country to overcome.
		When Eduard Benes, Czechoslovakia's head of state, protested at this decision, Neville Chamberlain told him that Britain would be unwilling to go to war over the issue of the Sudetenland.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWczech.htm (5060 words)

	RP's History Online - Socialization
		On June 14, the National Assembly elected Klement Gottwald Czechoslovakia's new (and first 'working-class') president; and on June 15, Czechoslovakia's fifth post-war government was appointed with Antonin Zapotocky at its head.
		To better coordinate the individual economies within the Soviet bloc, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) was established in 1949, with Czechoslovakia as one of its founding members.
		The high point of the Communist Party's purges at this time was the "trial" against the Secretary General of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Rudolf Slansky - allegedly the ringleader of a group of treasonous, counter-revolutionary conspirators.
	archiv.radio.cz /history/history13.html (1162 words)

	RP's History Online - Short Text
		The beginnings of Czech history are shrouded in mystery and legend.
		Czechoslovak communists staged a successful and bloodles coup in 1948, and were staunch Stalinists well into the 1950s - even after Kruschev's denunciation of the hard-line leader.
		The government that was installed after the invasion was one of the most hard-line in all the region, and the period of "normalization" that followed the invasion in the 1970's and 1980's was very hard on the people of Czechoslovakia.
	archiv.radio.cz /history/history00.html (890 words)

	History of Czechoslovakia - Definition up Erdmond.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Main Article: Origins_of_Czechoslovakia The creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers and of the Slovaks against Hungarisation and their Hungarian rulers.
		Main article: First_Republic_of_Czechoslovakia The independence of Czechoslovakia was officially proclaimed in Prague on October_28, 1918.
		Main article:, see also: Economic_History_of_Communist_Czechoslovakia In February 1948, when the Communists definitively took power, Czechoslovakia was declared a "people's_democracy" (till 1960)--a preliminary step toward socialism and, ultimately, communism.
	www.erdmond.com /History_of_Czechoslovakia.html (2653 words)

	Czechoslovakia - Biocrawler definition:Czechoslovakia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The ethnic problems were due to the fact that the second and third largest ethnic groups (Germans and Slovaks, respectively) were not fully satisfied with the political and economic dominance of the Czechs, and that the Germans and Hungarians of Czechoslovakia never really accepted the creation of the new state.
		After the Munich Agreement of 1938, Hitler's troops occupied the ethnic-German border regions of Bohemia and Moravia (the Sudetenland), Hungary received territory in southern Slovakia, and the Slovak and Ruthene regions received an autonomous status for a while.
		Finally Czechoslovakia ceased to exist in March 1939, when Hitler occupied remainder of the Bohemian lands and (the remaining) Slovakia was forced to declare independence.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Czechoslovakia (1753 words)

	ipedia.com: Economic history of communist Czechoslovakia Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This article is part of the main article: Czechoslovakia Table of contents 1 1945-1948 2 1948-1960 3 1960s 4 1970s 5 1980-1985 6 1986-1989 1945-1948 The Czechoslovak economy emerged from World War II...
		When the KSC assumed complete political and economic control in February 1948, it began immediately to transform the Czechoslovak economy into a miniature version of that of the Soviet Union.
		Foreign trade with noncommunist countries dropped sharply (in part because of trade controls imposed in those countries); trade with communist countries increased from 40 percent of the country's total in 1948 to 70 percent a decade later.
	www.ipedia.com /economic_history_of_communist_czechoslovakia.html (3039 words)

	Political and Economic History of Ghana
		The history of Ghana is one of sadness and tragedy, of unnecessay tragedy.
		The post-independence history is that not uncommon case of a charismatic leader feeding the populace on a fantasy that it takes decades to recover from.
		The plant had the capacity to process 7,000 tons of mangoes a year but after it was built at a cost 80 percent over the original budget it was found that there were hardly any wild mango trees near the plant and it would take seven years to grow bearing mango trees.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/ghana.htm (2423 words)

	Economic history - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		EH.Net (http://eh.net/) Economic History Services - Includes Economic History Encyclopedia, Ask the Professor, Book Reviews, databases, directories, bibliographies, mailing lists, and an inflation calculator.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Economic history contains research on
		Economic history, See also, External links, Economic History Services, By country, Data and Other.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Economic_history (106 words)

	Communist Party of the United States
		In all, the Communist parties of 53 countries were represented in the International Brigades with a total fighting strength of approximately 18,000, the first of whom arrived in Spain during the latter part of 1936.
		Many Communists throughout the world who answered the Comintern's call to fight in Spain were repaid subsequently by Soviet assistance in their attempts to seize power in their respective countries.
		When I saw that the Communist Party was taking the lead in the struggle for the rights of minorities and of labor, exposing the role of imperialism in conquest and war, I found that my constant concern with the racist issue became an integral part of the broader struggle for human rights everywhere.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAcommunist.htm (7357 words)

	Post-War German History (Chronology) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Oskar Lafontaine, Saarland Prime Minister and the chancellor candidate of the Social Democrats, was attacked and seriously wounded by a woman who stabbed him in the throat during a state election campaign rally in Cologne (Koeln).
		The Treaty establishing a Monetary, Economic and Social Union between the GDR and the Federal Republic is signed in Bonn.
		They document the stations of an upheaval that is unique in history, a radical change that is coupled with hopes and expectations, and yet cannot be achieved without setbacks and disappointments.
	faculty.washington.edu /~krumme/german/chronology.html (4085 words)

	Czechoslovakia: History
		In foreign policy Czechoslovakia relied on its friendship with France and on its
		In response to the imminent breakup, the federal government was dismantled and drafts of new Czech and Slovak constitutions were begun.
		Czechoslovakia's most enduring band, The PLastic People, recycles its history-making rock.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0857671.html (1311 words)

	Encyclopedia: Economic-history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Updated 279 days 13 hours 56 minutes ago.
		(http://eh.net/) Economic History Services - Includes Economic History Encyclopedia, Ask the Professor, Book Reviews, databases, directories, bibliographies, mailing lists, and an inflation calculator.
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Economic_history (107 words)

	Abstracts in Economic History (Archives)
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		Economic growth and the biological standard of living in China, 1880 - 1930
		Economics of 1492 and the Maps of Colombus and Zorzi
	www.eh.net /abstracts/archives.php?order=geo (7631 words)

	Abstracts in Economic History (Archives)
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		On the History of the Institutional Foundations of Impersonal Exchange
		Economics of the Battle of Lepanto (year 7th October 1571)
	www.eh.net /abstracts/archives.php?order=sub (7744 words)

	AllRefer.com - Country Study for Czechoslovakia \| Czech Republic Information Resource
		You are here -allRefer - Reference - Country Study & Country Guide - Czechoslovakia
		• Earth and Environment • History • Literature and Arts • Health and Medicine • People • Places • Plants and Animals • Philosophy and Religion • Science and Technology • Social Science and Law • Sports and Everyday Life • Country Study • Encyclopedia A -Z
		Appendix B. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/czechoslovakia (130 words)

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