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	How Does the Proposed Level of Foreign Economic Aid under the Bush Budget Compare with Historical Levels?, 3/14/02
		First, although the proportion of foreign economic aid that consists of loans is now lower than it was, the data that are available suggest that loans were not the majority of foreign economic aid prior to 1992.
		From 1962 to 1969 according to the definition of foreign economic aid used in this paper, it equaled between 0.27 percent and 0.58 percent of the economy; in the 1970s, foreign economic aid constituted between 0.18 percent and 0.25 percent of the economy; under the Bush budget it would equal 0.11 percent of the economy.
		Based on the U.S. AID data, U.S. "Economic Assistance" (the category AID uses that is somewhat analogous to the definition of foreign economic aid this paper uses) averaged 1.75 percent of GDP from 1946 to 1948.
	www.cbpp.org /3-14-02foreignaid.htm (2729 words)

	Polling Critic #5 - Economic Aid, Military Aid, or Neither - Alan F. Kay, PhD
		Examining poll-data on "foreign aid" found a question run by Cambridge Reports every year from 1983 through 1989: "Thinking ahead to next year, I'd like you to tell me in which area you would like to see government spending decreased most" to be chosen from 20 areas offered.
		The reason "foreign aid" ranks just a little under "military spending" is because to ordinary people U.S. foreign aid is anything the U.S. does that aids other countries and thus includes a large part of military spending, where the greatest desire for cuts happen to lie.
		The Greenberg poll found that support for aid rose when people were asked to consider the non-military aspects: humanitarian and disaster aid, strengthening democracy and human rights, peacekeeping, UN and its agencies, environmental protection, increasing trade, peace corps, education and training, health care, and nation building.
	www.cdi.org /polling/5-foreign-aid.cfm (975 words)

	U.S. Aid To Israel
		In 2006, economic aid is scheduled to be reduced to $240 million and military aid will increase to $2.28 billion.
		The setbacks were also temporary as the Administration approved a supplementary aid request in 2003 that included $1 billion in FMF and $9 billion in loan guarantees to aid Israel's economic recovery and compensate for the cost of military preparations associated with the war in Iraq.
		Also, starting in 1982, Israel began to receive all its economic aid in a lump sum early in the fiscal year instead of in quarterly installments as is done for other countries.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/US-Israel/foreign_aid.html (1708 words)

	The Millennium Challenge Account: Linking Aid with Economic Freedom
		Moreover, the transparency of an objective analysis of economic policies would assure potential aid recipients that development is the sole goal of the MCA and that eligibility would be based principally on sustained policy improvement over time, rather than on political considerations unrelated to economic growth.
		Countries that are economically "repressed" (4.00 to 5.00) have an average per capita income of $3,829, less than one-sixth of that of economically "free" countries.
		economic liberalization leads to economic growth which in turn generates new economic opportunities and sources of livelihood, thereby alleviating poverty and reducing pressures on the environment due to over-exploitation of fragile resources by the unemployed.
	www.heritage.org /Research/TradeandForeignAid/bg1602.cfm (5509 words)

	A Conservative Total for U.S. Aid..., by Shirl McArthur (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The common figure given for U.S. aid to Israel is $3 billion per year—$1.2 billion in economic aid and $1.8 billion in military aid.
		On the military aid, the 6 percent rate was applied to one-half of the military aid for the 10 years it has been disbursed early, for a total of $540 million.
		Furthermore, aid to the PA is strictly controlled by the U.S. Agency for International Development, and goes for specific projects, mostly civil infrastructure projects such as water and sewers.
	www.wrmea.com /Washington-Report_org/www/backissues/010201/0101015.html (2062 words)

	The Role of Foreign Aid in Development (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Economic development is a term that is often used interchangeably with development but implies the transformation of a country's economy from agriculture to industrialization, along with rising per capita income.
		For example, gross aid flows may be more useful in understanding how aid can contribute to policy dialogue and reform in a developing country, because gross aid flows do a better job of illustrating the leverage a donor may have than do net flows.
		Attributing specific economic or social improvements in a country to a particular source of foreign aid is beyond the scope of this study.
	web.nps.navy.mil /~relooney/cbo_3.htm (2489 words)

	LibertyGuide.com - Social Scientists as Policymakers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aid programs served the purposes of U.S. foreign policy: namely, to convince governments and peoples in the emerging Third World to choose capitalism and democracy, offered by America, over communism and totalitarianism, promoted by the Soviet Union and China.
		The interest of U.S. officials in economic development as an instrument of foreign policy became especially urgent in the wake of the death, in March 1953, of Josef Stalin, when the Soviet Union launched a Third World "economic offensive" that prompted officials to reevaluate the use of economic aid as a tool of containment.
		Economic aid increased during Ike's second term in the wake of hearings held on foreign aid in the Senate and the publication of Rostow and Millikan's book, A Proposal: Key to An Effective Foreign Policy, both in 1957, and the negative reception that Vice President Richard Nixon received during a subsequent trip to South America.
	www.theihs.org /libertyguide/hsr/hsr.php/68.html (1456 words)

	Working Paper: 97-1 Schwalbenberg
		If true, then foreign aid is not a corrupting influence and the humanitarian justification for aid to countries that seek to better their people's condition continues to hold.
		Since economic theory implies that the harmful effects of foreign aid are more likely to exist when aid is ample, we begin our empirical analysis by looking at those developing countries that were the major recipients of US assistance during the Cold War.
		It appears in general that the choice of harmful economic policies are independent of aid levels with the simple conclusion that aid should be given to countries that will use it wisely and not given to countries that will not use it wisely.
	www.fordham.edu /iped/wpr971.html (2015 words)

	WRMEA: U.S. Aid to Israel
		Total U.S. aid to Israel is approximately one-third of the American foreign-aid budget, even though Israel comprises just.001 percent of the world's population and already has one of the world's higher per capita incomes.
		AID does not term economic aid to Israel as development assistance, but instead uses the term "economic support funding." Given Israel's relative prosperity, U.S. aid to Israel is becoming increasingly controversial.
		For many years the American media said that "Israel receives $1.8 billion in military aid" or that "Israel receives $1.2 billion in economic aid." Both statements were true, but since they were never combined to give us the complete total of annual U.S. aid to Israel, they also were lies—true lies.
	www.wrmea.com /html/us_aid_to_israel.htm (4312 words)

	International Relations Center \| U.S. Isn't "Stingy," It's Strategic
		The administration’s “global war on terrorism” is the main determinant in the distribution of economic aid—not development needs, not humanitarian disasters, not hunger or the increasing numbers of the world population living on a dollar a day or less.
		However, unlike the supplemental aid packages it has secured for Iraq and Afghanistan reconstruction aid, this $350 million doesn’t represent an increase in the economic aid budget, but rather is a commitment that is not backed by available resources.
		But foreign aid is not always an unqualified good, especially when it comes from a country whose aid strategy is so closely tied to its global war strategy and to its neoliberal economic policies.
	www.irc-online.org /content/commentary/2005/0501aid.php (2096 words)

	Economic Aid
		Economic aid offered by the Church to needy people in various countries is intended to promote the well-being of individuals and families.
		Just as individual members are taught to acquire skills necessary for this economic well-being (see Emergency Preparedness; Self-Sufficiency), the Church encourages nations to provide economic opportunity for their citizens and to establish an economic atmosphere wherein individual skills can be used for the benefit of families and the nation.
		Economic aid from the Church also supported vocational school development and marketing cooperatives in the Sudan, and agricultural rehabilitation in Chad, Niger, and Cameroon ("News of the Church," Ensign 15 [Nov. 1985]:109).
	www.lightplanet.com /mormons/daily/welfare/Economic_EOM.htm (747 words)

	The Role of Foreign Aid in Development (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aid is wasted in countries that do not have the technical or administrative ability to absorb and use it properly.
		Aid is generally transferred to the government of those countries, which tends to increase the government's power, resources, and patronage relative to the rest of society and, consequently, the stakes in any struggle for control of that power.
		The Economic Support Fund (ESF), administered through AID, explicitly directs economic aid to countries that are deemed to be politically or strategically vital to the security of the United States.
	web.nps.navy.mil /~relooney/cbo_4.htm (5274 words)

	Cubafacts.com: The Cuban Economy in the 1990s (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Soviet bloc economic assistance to Cuba, estimated to be $4 billion to $6 billion annually in 1990,45 declined sharply after 1989 as increasing political and economic problems in the Soviet Union led to the eventual Soviet breakup.
		Economic reforms were introduced to stimulate domestic production, restore import capacity, and stabilize the economy.
		The economic literature shows extended debate about the degree of commitment of the Cuban Government to market-oriented reforms, and the extent to which these reforms are intended to be permanent changes in direction for the Cuban economy, or merely stop-gap measures to maintain the socialist economic system.
	www.cubafacts.com /Economy/econ2.htm (1188 words)

	Foreign aid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Foreign aid, international aid or development assistance is when one country helps another country through some form of donation.
		The main receivers of foreign aid are developing nations (third world countries), and the main contributors are the industrialized countries.
		According to the Final ODA Data for 2004 report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD):
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economic_aid (184 words)

	Sharp Increase in U.S. Military Aid to Latin America
		Colombia, the biggest recipient of U.S. aid globally after Israel and Egypt, has received by far the most assistance--both military and economic--in the region for the last several years, and the sheer volume of aid as a proportion of all aid going to Latin America dominates the regional picture.
		Most alarming, according to the report, is the sharp rise in military aid as a proportion of all U.S. assistance for the region.
		Even during the height of the Cold War, military and police aid to the region were generally less than half as great as economic and social levels.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines03/0923-02.htm (1116 words)

	ECONOMIC AID PROGRAM: Note From the American Charge d'Affaires at Saigon to the Chiefs of State of Viet-Nam, Laos, and ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The members of the American economic mission will, at all times, be subject to the authority of the Government of the United States and will not become a part of the administrations of the Associated States.
		American aid is designed to reinforce the joint effort of France and the Governments and peoples of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, on whom rests the primary responsibility for the restoration of security and stability.
		United States economic aid will be granted in accordance with separate bilateral agreements between each of the Associated States and the United States of America.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/econaid.htm (490 words)

	Janine Wedel: GSPIA professor reveals how misguided US economic aid hurt post-communist Russia
		Responsibility for distributing $350 million in U.S. economic aid to Russia was essentially delegated to consultants associated with the Harvard Institute for International Development.
		The U.S. economic aid portfolio largely controlled by Harvard and the Chubais Clan was "only" about $350 million, but that aid was targeted.
		The case of U.S. economic aid to Russia is a cautionary tale.
	www.pitt.edu /utimes/issues/33/001207/07.html (2497 words)

	USAID: Chapter 6 - Objectives, Outcomes and amounts of foreign aid
		Disaster relief and humanitarian aid have been successful and have also drawn the strongest support from the American public (box 6.1).
		For example, three surveys conducted by the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations since the end of the Cold War have found that the U.S. public is divided on whether to give economic aid to other countries.
		These misgivings may be related to general distrust of the federal government and international organizations, which consistently rank near the bottom in U.S. surveys on confidence in institutions.
	www.usaid.gov /fani/ch06/objectives.htm (621 words)

	Official Website of the Libertarian National Committee
		There are many reasons for the failure of foreign aid.
		Frequently, the aid is stolen by corrupt foreign leaders.
		Even when aid reaches its intended beneficiaries, the results are often counterproductive.
	www.lp.org /issues/foreign-policy.shtml (625 words)

	Central Europe Review - Russia: More Aid, Fewer Strings
		Russia's transition polices have stimulated an outflow of capital estimated at USD 140 billion since the beginning of 1992.(7) The inflow of Western aid pales beside the flood of capital leaving the country.
		However, whatever the merit of the former charge, the latter one is misplaced, in that no amount of competence could have produced good results with a policy unsuited to the conditions of the country to which it is applied.
		The West in general, and the United States in particular, has made the classic mistake of seeking to impose a particular economic model, believed to be successful at home, on a country with a greatly different history, culture and pre-existing economic structure.
	www.ce-review.org /99/18/kotz18.html (1944 words)

	International Aid - Social and Economic Policy - Global Policy Forum
		Aid also often has political strings attached and it may be used to promote local business interests of the donor, not the real development needs of the recipient.
		The amount of aid still lags far behind the UN target of 0.7 percent of rich countries’ gross national income, and donors continue their practices of using development assistance to support their geopolitical and economic goals.
		This article looks at modern foreign aid and argues that this undemocratic and paradoxical “industry” has “become a problem posing as a solution.” In search of a better aid strategy, the author suggests implementing “solidarity transfers” similar to those in the European Union as a means to maore fair and democratic public redistribution of aid.
	globalpolicy.igc.org /socecon/develop/oda (6977 words)

	NationMaster - Economic aid > Donor (most recent) by country
		Official aid came to $22.6 billion that year, but private aid came to $35.1 billion, including $18 billion in remittances, $6.6 billion from private voluntary organizations, $3.4 billion in aid from churches, $3 billion from foundations, $2.8 from corporations, and $1.3 billion from universities.
		No what your missing is that the majority of US aid to foreign countries is in the form of Military aid which is not included in this list.
		We give almost 2 billion a year in military aid to Israel alone, but only the 1.2 billion in economic aid would be included on this graph, read the info at the bottom people.
	www.nationmaster.com /graph-T/eco_eco_aid_don (634 words)

	NationMaster - Economic aid > Donor (per capita) (most recent) by country
		Economic aid > Donor (per capita) by country.
		ODA is defined as financial assistance that is concessional in character, has the main objective to promote economic development and welfare of the less developed countries (LDCs), and contains a grant element of at least 25%.
		There is a distinction between governments having foreign aid programs and individuals contributing their own funds to good causes.
	www.nationmaster.com /graph-T/eco_eco_aid_don_cap (584 words)

	Economic Aid Guide to Research - Georgetown University Library
		For background on the economic development of a country, see the Reference Department guide "Economic Conditions." Other useful sources for specific countries can be found in the Area Studies guides prepared by the Reference Department.
		Includes a selective bibliography and a chronology of major events in the field of development aid since 1944.
		Produced annually by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), this publication presents statistics on the external debt of developing countries, central and eastern European, and other non-OECD countries.
	www.library.georgetown.edu /guides/economicaid (918 words)

	$50 billion later, taking stock of US aid to Egypt \| csmonitor.com
		Aid is central to Washington's relationship with Cairo.
		In the past, issues like democracy and economic reform were of secondary concern to policymakers looking to shore up a friendly government.
		USAID has been ineffective at changing economic policy here because Cairo knows that in the end it will get the US money regardless of its economic policy, according to Walker, who since leaving the State Department has become head of the Middle East Institute in Washington.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0412/p07s01-wome.html (1242 words)

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