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Topic: Economic egalitarianism

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	Egalitarianism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Egalitarianism is any belief that emphasizes some form of equality between morally-significant beings (usually meaning humans, but sometimes expanded to include certain animals as well).
		For instance, some argue that modern representative democracy is a realization of political egalitarianism, while others believe that, in reality, most political power still resides in the hands of a ruling class, rather than in the hands of the people.
		Meanwhile, other defenders of material egalitarianism have rejected Marxist communism in favor of such views as libertarian socialism, which does not advocate the transitional use of the state as a means of redistribution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Egalitarianism (643 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Economic development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants.
		The economic development process supposes that legal and institutional adjustments are made to give incentives for innovation and for investments so as to develop an efficient production and distribution system for goods and service.
		Development economics emerged as a branch of economics because conventional economic theories are largely applicable only to developed countries that have gone through development already and are embarking on steady-state growth.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Economic_development (1125 words)

	Economic egalitarianism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Economic egalitarianism is a state of affairs in which the members of a society are of equal standing in terms of economic power or wealth.
		This economics or finance-related article is a stub.
		This page was last modified 01:46, 24 January 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economic_egalitarianism (75 words)

	Egalitarianism
		Egalitarianism is a protean doctrine, because there are several different types of equality, or ways in which people might be treated the same, that might be thought desirable.
		Interpreting Karl Marx as an egalitarian normative theorist is a tricky undertaking, however, in view of the fact that he tends to eschew explicit theorizing on moral principles and to regard assertions of moral principles as so much ideological dust thrust in the eyes of the workers by defenders of capitalism.
		A just and egalitarian society is not plausibly held to be obligated to do whatever turns out to be necessary to bring it about that their members attain any given level or share of quality of life.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/egalitarianism (12667 words)

	Egalitarianism
		Egalitarianism is the moral doctrine that equality ought to prevail throughout society.
		Common forms of egalitarianism are material or economic egalitarianism, moral egalitarianism, legal egalitarianism, democratic egalitarianism, political egalitarianism, gender egalitarianism and opportunity egalitarianism.
		Economic egalitarianism, popular with liberals throughout much of the 20th Century, has given way to a concern not that everyone be strictly equal in material possession, but rather that everyone be equal in having enough material goods to successfully fulfill his or her native human capacities.
	egalitarianism.ask.dyndns.dk (655 words)

	MPIfG Working Paper 97/2, Joshua Cohen and Joel Rogers: Can Egalitarianism Survive Internationalization?
		For it is precisely the economic dimension of internationalization - its compulsive economic logic - that is supposed, according to a conventional argument, to cause all the troubles for egalitarianism.
		In addition to improving the economic health of regions, the effect of this would be to tie down a growing share of investment, which would in effect be investment in locationally-immobile public goods.
		Premising economic interdependence, supra-regional authorities could reasonably require, as a condition of their support for regional ones, limits to destructive regional competition and affirmative efforts to compare practices and realize gains from cooperation.
	www.mpi-fg-koeln.mpg.de /pu/workpap/wp97-2/wp97-2.html (6539 words)

	Dangerous Egalitarian Dreams by John Kekes, City Journal Autumn 2001
		In their egalitarian philosophical system, there's no need to debate the merits of progressive taxation, anti-poverty programs, socialized medicine, affirmative action, and welfare legislation: a society that lacks them is, by definition, not a just society.
		Economic egalitarianism requires depriving the 86 percent of citizens who live above the poverty level of a substantial portion of their legally owned property in order to give it to the 14 percent who live below it.
		The amazing egalitarian claim is that rationality requires us to disregard these concrete circumstances and actual principles in order to conform to more fundamental abstract and general principles, which Rawls and Dworkin then use to justify the radical transformation of our society and the confiscation of legitimately owned property.
	www.city-journal.org /html/11_4_urbanities-dangerous.html (3474 words)

	Issues to address at AAA
		Egalitarian exchange therefore means that food is distributed among households in direct proportion to a household’s need and a household’s ability to give (Dowling, 1968:503) which may be simply indexed by the number of producers, consumers and, especially the consumer to producer ratio of the household.
		Although what amounts to an egalitarian pattern of sharing is not sharply defined, the general consensus is that all households tend to receive shares of food when distributions are made and the amount received is proportional to the number of consumers in the household.
		If an egalitarian principle were at work, one would predict that household size and certain attributes of household size such as number of producers, number of consumers, and consumer to producer ratios should correlate with the amount of food given and received.
	www.unl.edu /rhames/aaa96/egalexch.htm (6050 words)

	UNIT 8
		Egalitarianism, as the nomenclature suggests, believes in an equitable social order, where men and women would be able to develop their personalities, without any outside hindrance.
		By treating gender-justice as a part of egalitarian ethics, the apex court in its judgement in July 1983, considered bride burning as "the rarest of rare crimes committed" and prescribed death penalty as a justified punishment.
		Economic justice believes in providing equal opportunities to all sections of the society to improve their standard of living.
	www.ncte-in.org /pub/human/chap8.htm (5956 words)

	The Australian Public Intellectual Network
		The egalitarianism and collectivism of Keynesianism is evident in its prescription that the government can and should intervene in the economy to ensure the widest possible prosperity and to limit the adverse effect of economic downturns on workers.
		Egalitarianism was a pillar of ALP philosophy, its principles aimed at changing the balance of economic power and to move Australian society towards greater equality of status.
		Economic rationalists believe that anyone is free to improve economically and socially if left alone to do so without interference and if they are diligent, hard working and subscribe to the power of the market.
	www.api-network.com /articles/index.php?jas72_hogg (4695 words)

	The Odysseus Group's Education Debate & Discussion Forum
		I agree that economic inequality will always exist, but I also think it should be minimized, as I believe you do, so that we don't have a situation in which about 10% of the population owns 90% of the wealth.
		Economic egalitarianism, popular on the Left throughout much of the 20th Century, has given way to a concern not that everyone be strictly equal in material possession, but rather that everyone be equal in having enough material goods to successfully fulfill his or her native human capacities.
		Economic inequality is made by the meddling of politicians in the markets, diverting wealth to some and protecting others through laws.
	pub47.bravenet.com /forum/3966629559/fetch/568040 (2143 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The implicit ethical assumption behind economic egalitarianism is that nature has "unfairly" allocated different levels of ability to different individuals and that the economic consequences of this "injustice" need to be redressed, by force if necessary.
		Even if one adheres to this mistaken ethical view, however, economic egalitarianism seems to suffer from another limitation: it fails to address natural differences in the physical needs of different individuals, who may require different quantities of goods and services for their survival.
		A Marxist economy, like a system based on "economic equality," requires the forcible seizure of goods from "over-producers" and therefore can be implemented only through a coercive governmental apparatus.
	www.mindspring.com /~cunningr/pp/cf/HI20075m.html (181 words)

	Right Reason: Egalitarianism Archives
		We should marvel at the widespread and radical movement toward egalitarianism we have witnessed, juxtaposed with an almost total lack of individual self-impoverishment on the part by leftists for the sake of fighting world hunger or (in the case of America) for the sake of buying health insurance for a compatriot.
		Indeed, economic egalitarianism is a non-starter, since, as John Kekes has often pointed out, it clearly flies in the face of a plurality of values that mitigate any duty to transfer resources to the unfortunate.
		The arguments for economic egalitarianism are far from sufficient to explain the widespread acceptance of this doctrine.
	rightreason.ektopos.com /archives/cat_egalitarianism.html (2148 words)

	Socio-economic inequality and its effect on healthcare delivery in India
		Social and economic inequality is detrimental to the health of any society but especially when the society is diverse, multicultural, overpopulated and undergoing rapid but unequal economic growth.
		Sons are perceived to have economic, social, or religious utility; daughters are often felt to be an economic liability because of the dowry system.
		Economic and social growth of a society and country is directly dependant on the health of its constituents.
	www.sociology.org /content/vol8.1/test.html (3105 words)

	AEM-Economic Autonomy
		Economic autonomy refers to the concept that people do not need to economically rely upon other people within the society in order to live within that society, and conversely that people do not need to economically support other people within the society.
		That is, the parents, and particularly the father, will not be the provider for the family (although each parent will have a set amount deducted from their wage each week, for each child that they have).
		Economic autonomy goes hand in hand with several other policies or strategies that the AEM intends to introduce.
	www.aem.org.au /autonomous.htm (380 words)

	Articles - Egalitarianism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Egalitarianism is any moral belief that emphasizes the equality of morally-significant beings.
		Common forms of egalitarianism include economic egalitarianism (also known as material egalitarianism), moral egalitarianism, legal egalitarianism, political egalitarianism, gender egalitarianism and opportunity egalitarianism.
		Almost all theories of egalitarianism aim at equality within human societies, or at least confine themselves to human beings in general as the relevant group among whom equality should prevail.
	www.centralairconditioners.net /articles/Egalitarianism (624 words)

	[No title]
		Egalitarianism is the doctrine that states that people should be equal in a certain respect.
		Obviously, the way that the term 'egalitarian' is used today is different from the term's definitional meaning, and as a result, we see many kinds of egalitarianism in today's world.
		Collectivist Egalitarianism ('evil') is based upon the idea that we are all the same, mere cogs in the social machine, and that any deviance from this reduces one?s moral worth, hence justifying the sacrifice of individuals to the group.
	www.libertarian.org.au /blog/readArticle.jsp?articleID=92109 (1103 words)

	The Fourth Great Awakening and the Future of Egalitarianism
		Ironically, for a book on egalitarianism, political concerns inferred from the commentary of the marginally Christian elite of the later nineteenth century probably did not reflect the interests of most of those in the pews.
		The economic history enlisted by Fogel to elaborate his argument is clearly presented and well known to those who have kept up with the astonishing range of his work over the last two decades.
		Essentially, he seems to be saying, the vision of J. Keynes that some day the economic problem would be solved and we could concentrate on the question of how to be fully human, is close at hand.
	eh.net /bookreviews/library/0618.shtml (1843 words)

	Amartya Sen's Review of Peter Bauer's Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Bauer, whose standards of empirical economics are exacting, is astonishingly tolerant of his conjectures about the sociological and psychological bases of economic and political theorizing.
		Bauer's rejection of egalitarianism as an "appropriate" goal is central to the rest of his approach, and it is best for us to begin with his case for rejection, as Bauer himself does.
		In economic theory, a common method of attribution is according to "marginal product," i.e., the extra output that one incremental unit of one resource will produce given the amounts of other resources.
	finance.commerce.ubc.ca /~bhatta/BookReview/sen_on_bauer.html (3258 words)

	(if I were the) King of the Forest » Blog Archive » Against Your Own Interest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In his formulation the Republicans are the party of the rich and powerful, advocates for an economic aristocracy that oppresses the workers to enrich the robber barons.
		The benighted proletariat would be better served by the economic egalitarianism of the Democrats, but the Republicans have so frightened them with irrelevant demagoguery about gay marriage and abortion and terrorism and traditional values and moral decay that they can no longer see clearly where their interests lie.
		This conceit was quickly echoed by others on the left and used as a consolation in the days immediately after the election, as a self-validation of their righteousness and a no-fault explanation for why they had, again, failed to win the presidency or the Congress.
	www.iwantachoice.com /KOTFblog/archive/2004/against-your-own-interest (744 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.07.26
		Chapter One traces, clarifies and systematizes modern views on Spartan economic egalitarianism and communitarianism from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries.
		Later, it was immeasurably enhanced by both Hellenistic moral philosophy and the propagandists of the third-century revolution in Sparta, who justified their egalitarian reforms by claiming that they were simply a restoration of the Lycurgan measures that operated in classical Sparta.
		The only exceptions to the Spartiates' simple, egalitarian burial practices were the funerals of the two kings and, to a lesser degree, fallen warriors.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-07-26.html (3311 words)

	Amazon.com: Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays: Books: Murray Newton Rothbard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The book's title comes from the lead essay, which argues that egalitarian theory always results in politics of statist control because it is founded on revolt against the ontological structure of reality itself.
		But he was also known as the pioneer thinker of libertarianism, the political philosophy that roots freedom in private property ownership and decries the state as inherently contrary to the ethics of a free society.
		An egalitarian society can only hope to achieve its goals by totalitarian methods of coercion; and, even here, we all believe and hope the human spirit of individual man will rise up and thwart any such attempts to achieve an ant-heap world.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0945466234?v=glance (2010 words)

	Welcome to the WFS Utopias Forum
		Yet, economic egalitarianism is fully compatible with freedom and democracy.
		But, contrary to simplistic preconceptions, economic egalitarianism is fully compatible with the ideas of freedom and democracy which are deemed to be the cornerstone of Western democracies.
		What many utopians as well as other enlightened individuals intuitively understand is that maximizing the freedoms of the rich and the powerful to exercise their economic privileges implies minimizing the freedoms of the poor and the powerless.
	www.wfs.org /prugovecki.htm (2134 words)

	Evatt Foundation: News: Australian egalitarianism in retreat - 27 July 2003
		That these points even have to be argued is symptomatic of the recent influence of what is known variously as economic rationalism, economic fundamentalism and neoliberalism.
		It is a viewpoint that has subordinated the concern with economic inequality to narrower concerns with efficiency and growth, even ignoring the ways in which egalitarian policies can contribute to efficiency and growth.
		John Howard seems to have stopped using the term 'incentivation' to justify the abandonment of an egalitarian commitment in public policy, perhaps because no justification is now deemed necessary.
	evatt.labor.net.au /news/239.html (509 words)

	Evatt Foundation: Publication: Achieving equality of opportunity - 27 July 2003
		One is that governments would have to turn their backs on a major part of the liberal economic reforms of the 80s and 90s.
		The egalitarian retreat was not driven by efficiency concerns and economic reform.
		This is a slighly revised version of the paper he presented to the Evatt Breakfast Seminar on "Australia's retreat from egalitarianism" held on 9 July 2003.
	evatt.labor.net.au /publications/papers/96.html (2301 words)

	[No title]
		Ben Jackson (University of Oxford) British Social Democracy: Equality and Planning It is often claimed that one of the distinguishing characteristics of ‘new’ social democracy is that it prioritises individual choice and liberty over the paternalistic economic egalitarianism advocated by ‘old’ labour.
		On this question, I suggest that social democrats were too quick to neglect the potentially illiberal consequences of economic planning, a point that clearly emerges from the Left’s reaction to Hayek’s Road to Serfdom in 1944.
		But they were also too quick to see economic planning as the only route to secure a more egalitarian distribution of wealth.
	www.esri.salford.ac.uk /labour/nuttall.doc (922 words)

	Inequality, Introduction, New Areas of Inequality and "Oppression"
		Seeing themselves defeated and routed on the strictly economic front (in contrast to the Old Left of the 1930s, Marxian economics and the labor theory of value was never the New Left's strong suit), the Left turned to the allegedly moral high ground of egalitarianism.
		And, as they did so, they turned increasingly to what was suggested in the last paragraph of my essay: de-emphasizing old-fashioned economic egalitarianism in favor of stamping out broader aspects of human variety.
		Older egalitarianism stressed making income or wealth equal; but, as Helmut Schoeck brilliantly realized, the logic of their argument was to stamp out in the name of "fairness," all instances of human diversity and therefore implicit or explicit superiority of some persons over others.
	www.mises.org /fipandol/isec1.asp (794 words)

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