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Topic: Economic exploitation

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Exploitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The focus of most assertions about the existence of exploitation is the socio-economic phenomenon in which people trade their labor or allegiance to a powerful entity, such as the state, a corporation or any other private company, or a trade union. For social theorists, "exploitation" usually does not include simple theft, which is not a persistent economic or social relationship; nor does it refer to a relationship between individuals, as when a pimp "exploits" his prostitute. This kind of exploitation is seen as being an inherent feature and key element of capitalism and free markets. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/exploitation

Feminism Now In fact, transnational feminism is a particularly destructive path for feminism and has become a most effective ally of transnational capitalism, which is violently working to undermine and erode the material conditions available for collective social well being, economic security, and freedom from exploitation and economic necessity for all persons, in order to maintain profit. Totally excluded in this notion of "freedom", which is based on freedom of "private property" is freedom from private property and exploitation and for social and economic well being for all persons. Moreover, by opposing the "state" without opposing wage-labor and exploitation (i.e., the class relations on which the state is founded) transnational feminism is actually serving in the interest of transnational capitalism insofar as it works to "deregulate" the nation-state to help produce international conditions more conducive for the extraction of surplus-value. www.geocities.com /redtheory/redcritique/MarchApril02/feminismnow.htm

Exploitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The focus of most assertions about the existence of exploitation is the socio-economic phenomenon in which people trade their labor or allegiance to a powerful entity, such as the state, a corporation or any other private company, or a trade union. Organizational or "micro-level" exploitation: in the broad tradition of liberal economic thinking, most theories of exploitation center on the market power of economic organizations within a market setting. Almost everyone agrees that in certain political and sociological situations, there is exploitation under color of law: under a dictatorship, the State can abuse citizens, under (some varieties of) a monarchy, nobles can abuse serfs, etc., acting with in the law, and with out fear of repercussions. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exploitation   (2101 words)

Chapter 2: Racial and Ethnic Relations From the internal colonialism perspective, contemporary racial and ethnic inequality is grounded in the economic interests of whites in low-wage labor - the underpinning of capitalistic economic exploitation. In the economic arena, the ruling class has been substantially interested in the exploitation of the land and labor of Americans of color, while the white working and middle classes have been more concerned about job and housing competition with Americans of color. Cox emphasized the role of the capitalist class in racial exploitation; he analyzed the economic dimensions of the forced slave migration from Africa and the oppressiveness of later conditions for African American slaves. grove.ufl.edu /~feagin/print2.htm   (14375 words)

natural resources wealth Natural Resources, Education, and Economic Development Natural Resources, Education, and Economic Development Economic growth since 1965 has varied inversely with the share of natural capital in national wealth across countries. Natural resources as an element of national security are the pivot of the potential change... Natural resources are commodities that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form... www.11-fengshui.com /15/natural-resources-wealth.html   (638 words)

bbrown.info: About Me > Books Theory and History: An Interpretation of Social and Economic Evolution The Myths of Antitrust: Economic Theory and Legal Cases The Zero-Sum Society: Distribution and the Possibilities for Economic Change www.bbrown.info /aboutme/books.cfm   (638 words)

The The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (hereafter "CSEC") involves CSE primarily or entirely for financial or other economic reasons. Child Sexual Exploitation (hereafter "CSE") involves practices by which a person, usually an adult, achieves sexual gratification, financial gain or advancement through the abuse or exploitation of a child’s sexuality by abrogating that child’s human right to dignity, equality, autonomy, and physical and mental well-being, i.e. The economic exchanges involved in the CSEC may be either monetary or non-monetary (i.e., for food, shelter, drugs) in nature but, in every case, involves maximum benefits to the exploiter and an abrogation of the basic rights, dignity, autonomy, physical and mental well-being of the children involved (ala Hughes, 1999). caster.ssw.upenn.edu /~restes/CSEC.htm   (208 words)

[Unesco] Poland Chapter 1 to 5 The contract containing the undertaking to assign the economic rights shall constitute assignment to the acquirer, on his acceptance of the work, of the right of exclusive use of the work in the area of exploitation specified in the contract, except where the parties to the contract have agreed otherwise. The contract for the assignment of economic rights or the contract for the use of the work (hereinafter referred to as "the license") shall relate to the areas of exploitation expressly listed therein. Where the economic rights accruing to one of the joint creators are liable to escheat to the Treasury as legal successor, they shall pass to the surviving joint creators or to their legal successors in proportion to the latter's shares. www.unesco.org /culture/copy/copyright/poland/page1.html   (208 words)

January-February 2001 NVA The links between militarism and economic exploitation continue, but although genuine reform of these institutions may be years away, the protests against globalization have already forced some changes. The relationship between military violence and economic exploitation is not new—nor is it limited to modern capitalist economics. Although it may stretch the imagination to apply principles that were developed for a rural agrarian society to more complex industrial and post-industrial societies, exploration of alternatives to the dominant economic orthodoxy—alternatives based on nonviolent economics—may well become a fertile field for peace and social justice activists in the years ahead. www.warresisters.org /nva0101-3.htm   (208 words)

March to Abolish Poverty Our campaign will abolish poverty, defeat the forces of "racism, militarism and economic exploitation" and to get on the "right side of the world revolution" and create a world we all can live together, as sisters and brothers, and live in peace with economic and social justice (continued on Why the March). When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, militarism and economic exploitation are incapable of being conquered... In the spirit of the mass movement of the millions who have first stepped on the shores of what is now the United States of America in the 16th and 17th centuries and have struggled for peace and economic and social justice... abolishpoverty.net   (208 words)

THE TENDENCY OF THE RATE  OF PROFIT TO FALL AND POST The fall in the rate of profit has been a fundamental contributory factor to the extreme economic difficulties of recent years (the world economic crisis) and to the specific crisis of UK capital. The fact that the rate of profit fell more (or rose less) than can be accounted for by the rise (or fall) in the ratio of dead to living labour means that the surplus value received by the capitalists as pre-tax profits must have fallen as a share of the value of output. The UK The rate of profit began to fall earlier in the UK than in most of the other advanced countries, with the explanation being the fact that over-accumulation set in much earlier because 'full employment' was achieved much sooner. www.marxist.com /Theory/rate_profit_glyn.html   (6710 words)

LibertyHaven.com -- Resources for Liberty Follow the main subject headings above to find such sub-categories as Austrian economics, Ludwig Von Mises, public choice theory, Henry Hazlitt, gun control, free trade, Friedrich Von Hayek, economic cycles and depressions, Adam Smith, economic history, Milton Friedman, ethics, Ayn Rand, privatization, and many, many more. Libertyhaven.com is a project of The Libertyhaven Foundation. Libertyhaven now has over 5,000 articles, all full-text searchable from our search engine, as well as discussion groups and free e-mail. www.libertyhaven.com /politicsandcurrentevents/crimeandterrorism/warwi...   (6710 words)

Oil and War The current war is a class war being fought in the interests of U.S. imperialism in order to extend its control over the rate of exploitation of the global labor force by gaining control of the future rate of economic growth of the South, the primary source of cheap labor for transnational capital. The economic dominance of the rich imperialist states comes from their global command over the exploited labor-power—the surplus labor—of workers in all sectors of production, and the struggle for the Iraqi oil reserves is an attempt by the US to establish its decisive hegemony within this global system of exploitation. What is at stake in the war is not oil as such but what oil represents in the imperialist race for competitive profits: control over the rate of exploitation of the world working class. www.redcritique.org /Spring2003/oilandwar.htm   (963 words)

Friends of the Earth - Campaigns The United Nations’ (UN) Panel of Experts investigating the economic causes of conflict and exploitation of natural resources in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is set to submit its fourth and final report to the UN Security Council at the end of October. Final Report on Exploitation of Natural Resources in the Democratic Republic of Congo Expected in November By employing an array of criminal activities, the elite networks continue to fuel the military conflict in order to retain their economic control over the country's vast natural resources. www.foe.org /camps/intl/news/issue9.03.html   (593 words)

ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Israel's land confiscations, home demolitions, exploitation of natural resources main causes of crisis in occupied Arab territories, Second Committee told Israel’s continued confiscation of lands, destruction of homes, and exploitation of natural resources had remained the leading causes of the socio-economic crisis in the occupied Palestinian territories, a senior United Nations official told the Second Committee (Economic and Financial) today, as it discussed permanent sovereignty of occupied Arab peoples over their natural resources. The denial of sovereignty over natural resources, and the destruction and depletion of them, were the direct result of a clear policy by Israel, and it would require creative thinking and mental gymnastics to politically wriggle out of that. The confiscation of land, seizure and destruction of water resources, environmental degradation, investment losses, sharp decline in commercial activities and negative impacts on social relations and family ties were among the consequences resulting from the barriers. www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EGUA-6HLRRW?OpenDocument   (11347 words)

PRESS BRIEFING BY CHAIRMAN OF PANEL ON EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES OF DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO The Panel’s seven-month investigation had revealed that economic exploitation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo involved organized and the Security Council on a regular basis on its findings, including on further activities to curb or halt exploitation.  Finally, such a body could cooperate with international financial institutions, the African Union and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. The Panel also felt that a monitoring process could be put in place to continue to scrutinize the situation in the Great Lakes region to ensure that exploitation activities were significantly curbed.  Such a body could report to www.un.org /News/briefings/docs/2002/KassemPB.doc.htm   (325 words)

2002 General Resolution: Economic crisis and the crisis of imperialism The crisis of 1929 has led indeed to the misery and the intensified exploitation of the workers, to the militarisation of the economy, to fascism and, finally, to a world war. Overheating of the financial markets: 1,100 billion dollars of foreign currency change hands every day; the stock exchanges are overvalued, exceeding the GDP of their respective countries;; a crash is threatening; but at the same time, the financial markets impose profitability on companies, which, as a consequence, increase the exploitation of the workers. South Korea collapsed having previously incurred heavy debts from the Japanese banks in its bid to beat its export competitors by overextending plant capacity. www.frso.org /about/docs/2002general.htm   (4625 words)

The The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (hereafter "CSEC") involves CSE primarily or entirely for financial or other economic reasons. The economic exchanges involved in the CSEC may be either monetary or non-monetary (i.e., for food, shelter, drugs) in nature but, in every case, involves maximum benefits to the exploiter and an abrogation of the basic rights, dignity, autonomy, physical and mental well-being of the children involved (ala Hughes, 1999). Child Sexual Exploitation (hereafter "CSE") involves practices by which a person, usually an adult, achieves sexual gratification, financial gain or advancement through the abuse or exploitation of a child’s sexuality by abrogating that child’s human right to dignity, equality, autonomy, and physical and mental well-being, i.e. caster.ssw.upenn.edu /~restes/CSEC.htm   (208 words)

Exploitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The focus of most assertions about the existence of exploitation is the socio-economic phenomenon where people trade their labor or allegiance to a powerful entity, such as the state, a corporation or any other private company. While other theories emphasize the exploitation of one individual by an organization (or vice versa), the Marxist theory is primarily concerned with the exploitation of an entire segment or class of society by another. This corresponds to one ethical conception of exploitation, that is, the treatment of human beings as mere means to an end — or as mere "objects". en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exploitation   (1668 words)

Exploitation In neoclassical economics, exploitation is a kind of market failure, a deviation from an ideal vision of capitalism. The use of the word 'exploitation' is a common, humanist characterisation of the work for pay system, when it is applied with cruelty, or with compulsion, or on terms that are disagreeable to the employee. For others, exploitation coexists with perfect markets: given a special position in society (controlling an important asset), an interest group can shift the distribution of income in its direction, impoverishing the rest, even though their role serves no reasonable purpose. www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/ex/exploitation.html   (823 words)

EXPLOITATION A definition based upon economic concepts is that exploitation occurs if a resource receives compensation which is less than the value of its marginal contribution to the production process, i.e., its "marginal revenue product." Here "marginal contribution" means the amount produced by employing one more worker. Exploitation is the deliberate and systematic effort on the part of one party to take advantage of other parties by charging excessive prices or by paying wages less than values produced at the margin. Evidence of exploitation may lie in enterprise profits which are greater than normally possible in the industry, but this is not a certain identification of exploitation since "super-normal" profits may be attributable to successful entrepreneurship. facweb.furman.edu /~dstanford/relecon/exploita.htm   (4292 words)

Bright Lights Film Journal British Exploitation Cinema I even think of European exploitation, of Jesse Franco, Jose Larraz, and Lina Romay, before I recall the Poverty Row sleaze that was churned out of Wardour Street, London, on a regular basis until the end of the seventies. Like the exploitation films of the 1970s, they are largely dismissed by the critics and (often) the public at large. Back in the late fifties, however, the British exploitation film had begun to thrive, boosted by the success of Hammer horror and the snail-paced relaxation of film censorship. www.brightlightsfilm.com /33/britishexploitation1.html   (3600 words)

History of economic thought - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Economic policy in Europe during the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance treated economic activity as a good which was to be taxed to raise revenues for the nobility and the church. Economic exchanges were regulated by feudal rights, such as the right to collect a toll or hold a faire, as well as guild restrictions and religious restrictions on lending. The term economics was coined around 1870 and popularized by Alfred Marshall, as a substitute for the earlier term political economy which has been used through the 18th-19th centuries, with Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Karl Marx as its main thinkers and which today is frequently referred to as the "classical" economic theory. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_economic_thought   (2119 words)

Exploitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The focus of most assertions about the existence of exploitation is the socio-economic phenomenon in which people trade their labor or allegiance to a powerful entity, such as the state, a corporation or any other private company, or a trade union. Pro-market theory also argues that technological change is a disruptive force, and tends to abolish monopoly and monopsonistic power in mature business sectors, as with the shrinkage of the Western Union corporation and its power. As in Marxist theory, the problem is structural rather than organizational and can coexist with free markets: given their special position in society (controlling an important asset), an interest group can shift the distribution of income in its direction, impoverishing the rest, even though their role serves no reasonable purpose. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exploitation   (2119 words)

Exploitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The focus of most assertions about the existence of exploitation is the socio-economic phenomenon where people trade their labor or allegiance to a powerful entity, such as the state, a corporation or any other private company. While other theories emphasize the exploitation of one individual by an organization (or vice versa), the Marxist theory is primarily concerned with the exploitation of an entire segment or class of society by another. This corresponds to one ethical conception of exploitation, that is, the treatment of human beings as mere means to an end — or as mere "objects". en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exploitation   (1660 words)

Capitalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia His mentor, the Indian spiritual teacher P.R. Sarkar, held that economic and psychic exploitation was intrinsic to capitalism as a large section of a non-motivated population, the working class, as well as the classes of intellectuals and military people fall prey to a class of motivated acquisitors. Mainstream economists, for their part, admit that the present economic systems have diverged from earlier forms labeled "capitalism", but many believe that some of the modern economies are still best described as being "capitalism". For many (like Immanuel Wallerstein), capitalism hinges on the elaboration of an economic system in which goods and services are traded in markets, and capital goods belong to non-state entities, onto a global scale. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Capitalism   (11295 words)

DAILY BRUIN ONLINE - Capitalist policies lead to social, economic inequality Thus, the response of economic policies in the United States and abroad has been aimed at centralization of capital by corporate mergers along with increasing exploitation of labor, anti-union activities and reduction of corporate taxes in an attempt to prevent the falling rate of profit partly caused by competing Japanese and German manufacturing industries. Economic studies indicate that wages for college graduates have steadily declined, partly due to the increasing reliance of the American economy on an unskilled labor force. By the mid-1990s, it became quite clear that neo-liberal economic policies (those that favor an unfettered access to markets, cuts in social services and the dismantling of the welfare state) have failed to fulfill their promise of economic growth and stability in Western industrial nations as well as developing countries. www.dailybruin.ucla.edu /db/issues/99/10.18/view.farahmandpur.html   (843 words)

Anti-Capitalism Refuted (Long) [Free Republic] The exploitation theory is thus exploded, its historical cause is identified, the nature of the error it makes is made plain (on which more anon), and its actual falsehood as to the causes of value is confirmed by history to simply not be so. Proving that, unless they alter their theories and claims once this is shown to them, they *know* they are wronging the capitalist in the claims they advance in the exploitation theory, which they nevertheless continue to do. My theory shows why it is not beneficial to themselves - but leaves no room for the exploitation theory, and renders the claims of capitalists to their (regular, ordinary, as mere owners of capital) income, just. www.freerepublic.com /forum/a394ac341016e.htm   (843 words)

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