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Topic: Economic liberalisation

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	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Home News \| Scratch a liberalisation policy
		In the words of Dina El-Khawaga, assistant professor at Cairo University's Faculty of Economics and Political Science and the conference's co-organiser, the project was not to seek root or branch solutions of Egypt's pressing economic, political and social ills but was rather concerned with "different aspects of the new orthodoxy of economic liberalisation".
		Some were certain that economic liberalisation is bound to stimulate a real increase in political participation and that more Egyptians will engage in political debate and will exercise their right to join interest groups and parties.
		Liberalisation, according to Bush's reading, means that the state will exchange some of its autonomy in decision-making for access to some of the abundant resources held by its citizens.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/454/eg16.htm (791 words)

	THE ECONOMIC CRISIS IN INDONESIA: Lessons and Challenges for Governance and Sustainable Development
		This new direction or re-orientation of economic policies was to move away from etatism, thought to be one of the main causes of economic disaster that had befallen the country.
		The first period was between 1966 and 1972, during which the liberalisation measures were introduced to correct the economic policies of the previous government and to rehabilitate an economy that was at the brink of a collapse.
		Others regard liberalisation as a manifestation of the globalisation process, which is largely being imposed on the nation without having the ability to resist it, and that this process might have gone too far.
	www.pacific.net.id /pakar/hadisusastro/economic.html (9943 words)

	Dalits & economic liberalisation
		THE EMERGING rumblings of discontent over economic liberalisation call for a rethinking of the relationship between it and the empowerment of Dalits.
		The process of economic liberalisation is at a critical juncture.
		Second, the rationale for economic liberalisation is that it will generate more wealth than the state dominance of the economy allowed.
	www.ambedkar.org /News/hl/Dalitseconomic.htm (1140 words)

	[No title]
		Economic and institutional changes feed off each other and history, political culture and the broader institutional context in which the policies are implemented are powerful determinants of the post-reform socio-political and economic trajectory.
		Economic stagnation was generating mounting socio-political instability, democratic institutions were being undermined by the authoritarian leanings of government, and the proliferation of government regulations and extensive state intervention in all areas of economic life stimulated rent-seeking and corruption.
		Liberalisation of foreign investment is a central part of the reform agenda and, not surprisingly, FDI inflows often increase even before the implementation of a complete set of policy reforms, in anticipation of higher future profitability.
	www.devstud.org.uk /publications/papers/conf01/conf01dunham.doc (14068 words)

	Liberalisation and Globalisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The policies of liberalisation and globalisation, market ascendancy and diminished role of the state (policies similar to those which have been unsuccessful in industrial countries in the recent period) are recommended by the multilateral financial institutions for developing countries.
		Such policies have invariably involved further financial liberalisation and often of international competition even when large segments of the national industry are in a weak state, due to protracted insufficient investment as a consequence of the debt crisis.
		Contrary to the conventional wisdom, economic analysts and the lessons from economic history would suggest that it is not so much that liberalisation and globalisation lead to faster economic growth, but rather that higher rates of economic growth and employment are necessary for such a regime to be sustained.
	www.converge.org.nz /pirm/g77.htm (3543 words)

	MacroScan - China and India: The Big Differences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The rapid economic growth and structural transformation in China are not just eyed with envy; they are typically invoked to justify the economic policy of choice.
		Throughout the period of ''liberalisation'', that is the 1990s and later, there have remained important forms of state control over macroeconomic processes that have differed from more conventional capitalist macroeconomic policy.
		In terms of economic diversification and structural change, China has followed what could be described as the classic industrialisation pattern, moving from primary to manufacturing activities in the past 25 years.
	www.macroscan.com /cur/aug05/cur240805China_India.htm (2003 words)

	GELIIS: Globalisation, Economic Liberalisation and Indian Informal Sector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The process of economic liberalisation and the pursuit of neo liberal, market driven economic policies is having a significant impact on the entire economic landscape of the country.
		It is important to understand the concept of economic liberalisation and the dynamics of international trade and its possible impact on the handloom sector in India.
		Globalisation and economic liberalisation, together, constitute a change, which needs to be assessed from the point of view of its impact on people, marginalized sectors and basic needs of the people.
	www.cuts-international.org /cspac-gelis-workshop.htm (9036 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Books Supplement \| Logic of liberalisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Other factors, such as the change to majority voting in parliamentary elections, the economic crisis and associated reforms that began in the 1980s, should be looked at, Kienle argues.
		The owners of capital, he explains, have been the direct beneficiaries of the economic reforms and programme of economic liberalisation carried out by the state over the last two decades or so.
		But ascribing the principal explanatory power of why political liberalisation did not follow economic liberalisation to social and cultural factors is culturally specific and exaggerates the influence of cultural and social values.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2001/546/bo4.htm (1241 words)

	rediff.com: SJM opposes economic liberalisation
		An influential Hindu nationalist group on Monday called for a reversal of India's policy of economic liberalisation which it said had increased the country's dependence on the developed world.
		The SJM, a sister organisation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), is a fierce advocate of economic self-reliance and has been critical of the liberal and reformist economic policies of India's coalition government.
		Rao said liberalisation had led to an increase in poverty and unemployment to India and the country's trade deficit had risen due to import liberalisation.
	www.rediff.com /money/2000/jul/03sjm.htm (304 words)

	The Big Issues: Reports by commitment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The first is a global economic environment that allows developing countries to use trade as a means for development instead of an end in itself.
		The argument relating trade liberalisation to economic growth is invalid theoretically and empirically, especially since trade is highly sensitive to external factors, local capabilities, and human resources.
		Another consequence of the liberalisation and privatisation policies is the inability of the public sector to compete with foreign institutions due to the structural problems encountered by this sector in terms of capital inflow, efficiency, and service provision.
	www.socwatch.org.uy /en/informesTematicos/61.html (2959 words)

	ODI - Briefing Paper 2/94
		Although successful economic reform efforts in the past were undoubtedly a factor in the re-establishment of the incumbent regime, the election itself weakened the previously successful fiscal stabilisation programme.
		Partial liberalisation brings about a politically mobilised but discontented population and the continuance of governments which lack widespread public support or credibility, and seems likely to paralyse economic change rather than to galvanise it.
		Those seeking from outside to achieve simultaneous political and economic liberalisation will need to think through very carefully the pace and the means by which this is to be encouraged.
	www.odi.org.uk /publications/briefing/odi_political.html (2895 words)

	Economic liberalisation needs human face -- VP Singh
		Thiruvanathapuram, April 6: Former Prime Minister V P Singh today advocated implementation of economic liberalisation in the country with a `human face'.
		Stating that he was not for `Inspector Raj' and favoured competition, liberalisation, moderanisation and globalisation, Singh said initiating the policy with "closed eyes" by neglecting the Indian reality would result in serious social problems.
		The new economic policy followed by the NDA Government had adversely affected farmers, labourers, middle class and the poor in the country, Singh said adding it was highly politically shortsighted.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/20000407/ina07026.html (455 words)

	The Ecotech agenda - APEC’s other side: will infrastructure be APEC’s new orientation?
		It is the largest grouping where heads of government in the world meet to discuss international economic issues, it is the largest international economic forum that is dominated by Asian economies, and it has set out a very ambitious target to reduce trade and investment barriers for a large part of the world economy.
		APEC is the first regional organisation for economic co-operation that is composed of developed and developing economies that is not founded on the principle that collaboration must be based on the premise that there are inherent differences between developed and developing economies.
		In UN economic fora – UNCTAD and bodies of the UN Second Committee – developing countries caucus as the Group of 77 to form common positions and industrialised countries coalesce around common OECD positions before efforts are made to find universally agreed positions.
	www.apec.org.au /docs/iss10.htm (3380 words)

	Glenn Adler's paper
		In much of this literature it is argued that a transition from authoritarianism to democracy must involve an economic pact between elites on both sides that leaves the fundamental structures of capitalist society in place, thereby ensuring the loyalty of the propertied classes while producing a conservative outcome.
		The third example of meso-level bargained liberalisation is labour’s response to the ANC government’s announcement in December 1995 that it intended privatising important state assets.
		This compromise is an attempt to resolve the tensions between economic liberalisation and the consolidation of democracy in developing countries such that the costs of liberalisation are more equitably distributed between the social classes.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/seminars/671/article.html (12858 words)

	Globalisation versus Swadeshi
		His logic in favour of economic reform may be a debatable issue between pro and anti-reform economists, but his views advocating the concept of "corporate farming" may add fuel to fire in the Swadeshi lobby of Sangh Parivar.
		Cautioning the Vajpayee Government against the alleged economic invasion of the West, which would add further strength to on going cultural invasion, the RSS leaders are not ready to accept the new approach of the Prime Minister.
		Vajpayee may like to fit his Government’s economic policies in the frame of Gandhiji’s talisman:" Recall the face of the poorest and the weakest man whom you may have seen and ask yourself if the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to him.
	www.saag.org /papers2/paper134.html (2076 words)

	SSRN-Financial Liberalisation and Economic Development: An Assessment by Paul Auerbach, Jalal Siddiki
		The financial sector has always played a central role in economic development, but analysis of its precise role has been hampered by the emphasis on 'real' factors in the main stream of economic thought and the static nature of financial theory.
		Empirical studies confirm the importance of finance to economic development, but are indecisive on the efficaciousness of the widely advocated policies associated with financial liberalisation.
		To be successful, strategies for financial liberalisation must deal with problems generated by asymmetric information and have policies to promote competition, the disclosure of information and the maintenance of governmental integrity.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=565086 (226 words)

	Iran's Khatami vows economic liberalisation
		Iran's economy achieved little growth last year but, with the recent rise in oil prices, it was expected to rebound to two percent in the current Iranian year, ending on March 19.
		The president said ``a giant leap'' in non-oil exports made up the centrepiece of his economic recovery programme.
		Republication and redistribution of Reuters content is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Reuters.
	www.iraniantrade.org /_NewsUpdates/00000304.htm (409 words)

	Iraq's economic liberalisation: Let's all go to the yard sale (excerpts) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Iraq's economic liberalisation: Let's all go to the yard sale (excerpts)If it all works out, Iraq will be a capitalist's dream
		A SHOCK programme of economic reforms signals a radical departure for Iraq.
		The regulations were announced by Iraq's nominal finance minister, Kamel al-Gailani, but they bear the signature of Paul Bremer, who heads the American-run Coalition Provisional Authority, and the imprimatur of the American consultants it has hired to frame economic policies.
	home.earthlink.net /~platter/articles/030925-economist.html (425 words)

	:: Images Fashion.com ::
		Liberalisation and pursuit of policies allowing capital, technology and entrepreneurship to move more freely across national boundaries were seen as giving strong impetus to economic growth.
		The process of liberalisation brought in its wake the unleashing of the market forces, which led to an expansion of needs to encompass the plethora of new products.
		In a World beaming with liberalisation and one world economy, Malls appear to be the natural evolution of emerging retail options.
	www.imagesfashion.com /back/oct/anni.html (3144 words)

	Economic liberalisation and employment in South Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The evidence presented in the paper shows that the impact of economic liberalisation on employment and labour income has not been as bad as that for Sub-Saharan Africa or Latin American countries.
		The impact of external sector liberalisation may not be insignificant in South Asia as exports and imports rose faster than GDP in the region as compared to those for Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America
		Thus, the second generation of economic reforms, inter alia, should consider strategies that raise investment in physical and human capital, institutions and governance and reduction in inequalities [author]
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC7871.htm (476 words)

	Current Issues
		This paper argues that this was not the case as evidenced by cointegration between the involved variables and the abliltv to estimate a stable inflation model over the period 1970-91.
		Policy reform included interest-rate liberalisation, development of money and capital markets, improvement of the efficiency of financial intermediation, development of more flexible monetary-policy instruments, removal of credit ceilings, and reduction of both the government's excessive reliance on domestic bank borrowing and reduction of its budget deficit.
		Conditions seemed stable enough to permit introduction of financial liberalisation, but when it began in 1989, inflation had risen to 13.6% and the real interest rate was failing.
	www.journalofpolicymodels.com /anders.shtml (5550 words)

	Rising Inequality During Economic Liberalisation and Crisis: Macro or Micro Causes in Ecuador's Case? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Ecuador started to liberalise its trade in goods and services in 1990 and opened up its capital account in a short period of time.
		However, a string of external and domestic economic and political shocks created a severe setback and in 1998-99 the economy plunged into a severe crisis.
		Application of a methodology of "microsimulations" to these two episodes in Ecuadorian economic history allows us to analyse in detail which labour market factors are associated with most of the changes in income distribution.
	ideas.repec.org /p/fth/hagsop/326.html (315 words)

	Focus still on economic liberalisation: Karat : HindustanTimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Castigating the UPA government for focussing on privatisation and economic reforms, CPI (M) has said the Manmohan Singh government was more interested in fulfilling the demands of international capitalists than taking steps for the uplift of the poor and downtrodden.
		"The past one year's policy directions of the Congress-led UPA government on the economic front reveal that its focus was still on privatisation and economic liberalisation," CPI (M) General Secretary Prakash Karat said in an article in the party mouthpiece, 'Ganashakti', published on Friday.
		He said that at the recent meeting of the Working Committee of Congress on the UPA government's one-year work, the Prime Minister had spoken of further liberalisation of the economy and disinvestment of central public sector units.
	www.hindustantimes.com /news/181_1378743,0008.htm (351 words)

	Reform - Articles
		His former economics adviser and vicar on earth, Ed Balls, had already let it slip that he thought the chancellor would in fact meet the âgolden ruleâ, so avoiding immediate tax rises.
		It was pioneered in New Zealand, and it is the southern hemisphere to which we need to look for Labour politicians who truly have sweep and vision.
		In the 1980s the Treasury was the driver of economic reform and the guardian of fiscal responsibility.
	www.reform.co.uk /website/pressroom/articles.aspx?o=61 (1471 words)

	Spanish In India » Economic liberalisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Secondly, the Left parties in India, which support the current government at the centre, do not oppose liberalisation seriously, and I do not know if they have irked the business (and I do not care much about it), but they have betrayed people’s expectations.
		I find that by supporting the economic reforms of the government the Left parties are doing a great injustice to the people that voted for them.
		This does not mean that I support a capitalist government/policy, not at all, and my ideas are closer to the Left than to the other parties.
	www.math.tifr.res.in /blog?p=6 (511 words)

	POLITICS-U.S.: Mideast Reform Stresses Economic Liberalisation
		Washington's "Greater Middle East Initiative", has been renamed the "Broader Middle East and North Africa Initiative", and proposes to expand the bounders of the traditional Middle East to include non-Arabic speaking nations like Israel, Turkey, Pakistan and Afghanistan by relaying heavily on trade and business, backed by the G8.
		The initiative is widely thought to be the brainchild of Alan Larson, under secretary of economic, business and agricultural affairs at the State Department.
		They would work jointly to press Middle Eastern governments to adopt economic changes and review and report on the "progress of reform".
	www.ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=24003 (1011 words)

	Amazon.com: China's Relations With Japan in an Era of Economic Liberalisation: Books: Dong Dong Zhang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The main purpose of this study is to explore the influence of reform on changes in China's economic relations with Japan after the late 1970s.
		This has transformed the pattern of bilateral economic relations, hitherto characterised by an industrial Japanese economy and a resource-based Chinese economy, a result of Japan's successful industrialisation and China's failure to industrialise in the previous hundred years.
		Market-oriented reform means that China's economic relations with Japan are now based on the comparative advantage of both countries rather than the Chinese, or Japanese, government's state plan.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1560726253?v=glance (626 words)

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