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Topic: Economic migrant

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	Section III: Importance and Content of the Convention
		Migrant workers are to be treated as equal to the nationals of the host country in respect of remuneration and conditions of work [overtime, hours of work, weekly rest, holidays with pay, safety, health, termination of work contract, minimum age, restrictions on home work, etc. (Art.
		Migrant workers should be allowed to be temporarily absent, for reasons of family needs and obligations, without effect on their authorization to stay or work.
		Migrant workers and members of their families must be enabled to enjoy equality with nationals of the State of employment before the courts of law and tribunals (Art.
	www.migrantsrights.org /LAYHNDBK3.html (3547 words)

	Heeding labour shortage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Economic reforms in resource prices and market structure are having a great effect on labour numbers.
		Migrant workers, without legal labour contracts when working in cities, cannot have their interests properly protected.
		Migrant workers should be able to trade their land-use rights as a capital resource and then gain part of an economic guarantee for their settlement in urban areas.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /chinagate/doc/2004-09/09/content_373063.htm (1228 words)

	Foreign worker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A foreign worker (also: "guest worker" or "economic migrant"), is a person who works in a country other than the one of which he or she is a citizen.
		The term migrant worker is also sometimes used as a synonym for foreign worker, but this term may have a broader meaning as was also used in the past for nomadic agricultural workers who were not from another country - for example, people from Oklahoma working in California during the Depression.
		The "United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families", legally defines as migrant worker a "person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a State of which he or she is not a national".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Migrant_workers (829 words)

	Sociology
		Migrant farmworkers throughout the United States are recognized as the "poorest of the working poor." On average, they are agriculturally employed half the year and seldom earn more than $6,000 a year.
		In summary, the migrant farmworker population is a diverse one, likely to seek education for a variety of reasons; to come to learning with a wide variety of experiences, and competencies; and to require a variety of learning outcomes in order to make their educational experience a successful one.
		Migrant farmworkers should be perceived as members of whole communities, comprised of men, women and children, who live in both nuclear and extended families, and who demonstrate the best of human group behavior.
	www.cas.usf.edu /lis/migrant/migranted/sociology.html (1962 words)

	chall
		Migrant workers are a group of people that contribute billions of dollars to the U.S. economy and don't get much in return for themselves or for their families.
		Migrant children will arrive in a new school, be tested on all subjects, and placed in a room with new students in the middle of the school year.
		Many times the migrant child is placed in a special education class because he or she has not mastered the language, and because the student has problems catching up with all the material to be covered in the school curriculum.
	www.msu.edu /user/leon/chall.html (6041 words)

	Do Not Forget The Efforts of Migrant Workers
		During a time of peace and prosperity, it is fitting to pay tribute to the 90 million or so migrant workers for their contributions to the nation's economic achievements over the past three decades.
		Migrant workers are an invaluable asset that will continue to generate value in many different ways.
		It is common to find that remittances from migrant workers have fuelled the boom in many villages and townships in the relatively remote parts of the nation.
	www.china.org.cn /english/China/144570.htm (742 words)

	Migrants Rights International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Migrant workers' rights have been upheld by a variety of international instruments, however, none of these instruments has comprehensively provided for the protection of migrant workers` economic, social, political, cultural and labour rights from the pre-migration, to the on-site and the reintegration phases of modern-day labour migration.
		As there seems to be a "race to the bottom," with the increasing erosion of migrants' rights and safety in the current context of globalization and worldwide economic recession, governments are faced with little pressure to bring improvements to the plight migrants.
		The coming into force of the Migrants Convention would not have been possible without the combined efforts of various UN agencies, some governments, and the Global Steering Committee for the Ratification of the Migrants Convention, of which Migrant Forum in Asia (MFA) is a member.
	www.migrantwatch.org /mri/mfa_press_statement.htm (557 words)

	Farm migrant unionization worker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Migrant Ministry is an interfaith organization whose economic migrant members believe that inspiration comes from participation in the creation of a just world.
		Migrant families are the true backbone of our agricultural industry.Reports allege that entire families are being detained while others have been farm migrant unionization worker ordered to leave the county on short notice.
		Our services are designed to assist migrants and refugees to settle in Australia and to promote council migrant texas equity of access for migrants to all services provided in the community..
	levertufted.sitesled.com /dni/archbishop.html (2511 words)

	Immigration and Human Capital- True, Walsh and Miller, LLP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Given that economic benefits are greatest for a country whose workforce is well educated and trained, the degree to which a nation’s immigration policy can maximize economic benefits to the country depends largely on that nation’s ability to encourage the immigration of highly skilled workers.
		Even though migrants who enter the host country based upon their kinship ties or for humanitarian reasons may eventually experience the same degree of economic success as do those selected by a points test, economic success is attributable to the same set of skills.
		Employers sponsoring a migrant would be required to attest that they will pay the foreign worker the higher of (a) the actual wage the employer pays other individuals who are similarly employed with similar qualifications or (b) the prevailing wage rate for the occupation in the area of employment.
	www.twmlaw.com /resources/general51cont.htm (4952 words)

	Heeding labour shortage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Such reports come as a surprise to many China watchers, both at home and abroad, as this has to be considered a very rare situation indeed, in a country where a perceived labour surplus exists.
		Agricultural earnings have seen substantial increases in the first half of this year, which is an important factor governing the current economic situation.
		However, the current shortage of migrant workers can urge the betterment of working conditions for labourers, as well as adjustments in capital-labour relations.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2004-09/09/content_372864.htm (1228 words)

	Refugee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Haitians were primarily regarded as economic migrants from the grinding poverty of Haiti, the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere.
		The victory of the forces led by Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution led to a large exodus of Cubans between 1959 and 1980.
		Dozens of Cubans yearly continue to risk the waters of the Straits of Florida seeking better economic and political conditions in the U.S. In 1999 the highly publicized case of six year old Elián González brought the covert migration to international attention.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economic_migrant (4375 words)

	Migrant workers: recent trends UN Chronicle - Find Articles
		In Western Europe, the economic crisis has led to a dramatic curtailment of migrant workers, especially in countries that have attracted the largest numbers of migrants, such as France, the Federal Republic of Germany and Switzerland.
		The ILO defines it as "the movement of foreigners admitted to a migrant-receiving country for a period of time on the basis of a work contract with an enterprise or employer to carry out in that country specific projects that by their nature are limited in time".
		The use of project-tied Asian labour was initiated in the mid- and late-1970s because it maximized economic efficiency and minimized the social costs of immigration.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1309/is_v22/ai_3624607 (773 words)

	Migrant Workers :: Labor : RSS Feeds : Gourt
		A foreign worker (also: "guest worker" or "economic migrant"), is a person who works in a country other than the one of which he or she is a citizen.
		Migrant workers 'face exploitation' - A lack of legal protection for migrant workers who arrive in the UK is giving the green light to unscrupulous employers, the TUC says.
		Migrant Workers in Washington State: a Boon to the Tree Fruit Industry - Examination of the impact of migrant farm workers from the 1970s onward.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsociety.gourt.com%2FIssues%2FLabor%2FMigrant-Workers.html (1157 words)

	Human Rights
		"Migrant worker" has been defined as, a person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of which he or she is not a national.
		Although the Convention distinguishes between documented migrant workers and those who are undocumented or in an irregular situation, Part III of the Convention enumerates a comprehensive set of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights applicable to ah migrant workers and members of their families.
		The growing phenomenon of migrants in an irregular situation and others who are not clearly protected by a legal regime, the sharp increase in trafficking of migrants, coupled with abuses of rights as a consequence of discrimination, indicate that the promotion of migrants' rights should be a priority concern for the international community.
	www.rcmvs.org /pagina_n5x.htm (7065 words)

	Family Lives and Parental Involvement in Migrant Students' Education. ERIC Digest.
		Children learn early that each new day brings backbreaking toil for their parents (and often for them, as well) and that after one field is picked, it means a trip to another one, often in a new county or a new state.
		Five times as many migrant students are enrolled in the second grade as in the twelfth grade, and migrant educators place the dropout rate for migrant students anywhere from 50 to 90 percent (IMEC, 1987).
		In addition, many migrant families believe it is the school's responsibility to educate their children; for these families, parent participation in education is a radically new cultural concept (Simich-Dudgeon, 1986).
	www.ericdigests.org /pre-9220/lives.htm (1719 words)

	Working Paper No. 28
		Migrant workers are a group of people that contribute billions of dollars to the U.S. economy and don't necessary get the best of treatments for their families.
		You as the migrant educator are responsible for teaching all administrators and local boards of education that the migrant children are an asset and not a liability.
		Many times the migrant child is placed in a special education class because he or she does not master the language and because the student has problems catching up with all the material to be covered in the school curriculum.
	www.jsri.msu.edu /RandS/research/wps/wp28.html (6381 words)

	[No title]
		The migrants represented in Voices from the Dust Bowl came primarily from Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri.
		Migrants who found employment soon learned that this surfeit of workers caused a significant reduction in the going wage rate.
		The FSA camps also furnished the migrants with a safe space in which to retire from the discrimination that plagued them and in which to practice their culture and rekindle a sense of community.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html (1671 words)

	Birds of Passage
		Most migrants come from rural, agricultural areas and therefore tend to be less educated and literate than the natives of their host country.
		While a temporary migrant worker might attempt to be the perfect “economic man,” the idea of such a man is not realistic.
		When speaking of first and second generations of migrants, it is important to first realize that on an individual scale, the dividing line between being first and second generation is not based on place of birth, but on where the individuals spend their adolescence.
	www.eco.utexas.edu /facstaff/Cleaver/357Lsum_s7_Piore_Birds.html (1565 words)

	South Korea: Workers' rights at a time of economic crisis - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		As the economic crisis unfolded and unemployment soared to unprecedented levels, thousands of people were left destitute; disadvantaged groups including women and migrant workers faced new levels of discrimination in the job market and those lucky enough to keep their jobs suffered huge pay cuts.
		Thousands of migrant workers who lost their jobs in 1998 were told by the government to either leave the country or pay a large fine.
		Even before the economic crisis, migrant workers were a vulnerable group, often the victims of unscrupulous brokers, low or unpaid wages, a high rate of industrial accidents, poor health, poor working conditions and racial discrimination.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGASA250021999?open&of=ENG-398 (3104 words)

	ED335174 1991-05-00 Family Lives and Parental Involvement in Migrant Students' Education. ERIC Digest.
		Children learn early that each new day brings backbreaking toil for their parents (and often for them, as well) and that after one field is picked, it means a trip to another one, often in a new county or a new state.
		Five times as many migrant students are enrolled in the second grade as in the twelfth grade, and migrant educators place the dropout rate for migrant students anywhere from 50 to 90 percent (IMEC, 1987).
		In addition, many migrant families believe it is the school's responsibility to educate their children; for these families, parent participation in education is a radically new cultural concept (Simich-Dudgeon, 1986).
	www.thememoryhole.org /edu/eric/ed335174.html (1759 words)

	Migrant & Seasonal Farmworkers -- Introduction
		At present, ninety-nine percent of all migrant farmworkers are members of an ethnic minority, and although the racial make-up of the agricultural workforce has shifted from predominantly African American to predominantly Latino, it continues to be racial minorities who suffer as victims of these policies.
		Today, migrant workers are subjected to new pressures and exploitation from federal policies and the agribusiness/agri-foods industries.
		The first task is to publicize the basic situation of farmworkers in the U.S. Government and independent surveys estimate there are anywhere from 2 to 4 million farmworkers and their dependents in the U.S. Between 300,000 and 800,000 child farmworkers are laboring under dangerous and grueling conditions.
	www.worldhungeryear.org /fslc/ria_003.asp?section=11&click=1 (1350 words)

	The Casualties of Globalism - Global Policy Forum - Globalization
		For the distinction between political refugees and economic migrants is a bogus one - susceptible to different interpretations by different interests at different times.
		The west is quite happy to take in economic migrants if they are businessmen (with the requisite £250,000), professionals, or technologically-skilled.
		Hence resistance to economic immiseration is inseparable from resistance to political persecution.
	www.globalpolicy.org /globaliz/econ/immig.htm (1235 words)

	BBC NEWS \| In Depth \| Migration glossary
		The International Organisation for Migration describes an irregular migrant as someone who, owing to illegal entry or the expiry of their visa, lacks legal status in a transit or host country.
		The UN defines the smuggling of migrants as: "The procurement in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a state of which the person is not a national or permanent resident."
		It differs from human trafficking in that in involves the consent of the migrants involved and ends with the arrival of the migrants at their destination.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/in_depth/3527123.stm (922 words)

	Commission launches debate on managing economic migration to the EU
		They are invited to respond by April 2005 and their ideas will help prepare the ground for a public hearing later in the year, which will then feed into a policy action plan to be presented by the Commission by the end of 2005.
		Economic migration already contributes directly to the economic and social development of the EU.
		It would be in the interests of both migrants and EU Member States to have a common set of basic procedures, definitions and criteria applied throughout the EU.
	ec.europa.eu /employment_social/news/2005/jan/economic_migration_greenpaper_en.html (466 words)

	**** - Statistical Information and Montoring Programme on Child Labour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		If the child labour is defined in terms of economic reasons for migration of children, so to say migrant child labourer type 1, it is estimated to be 1.06 per cent (80 thousands) of the total children aged 5-17 years for the country.
		Migrant Child Labourer Type 2: Migrant child labourer as of those who moved due to economic reasons and those who moved due to non-economic reasons but were working in economic activities before and after migration.
		Though general work participation of migrant children is lower, it is revealed that participation of migrant children in non-economic activities is higher as compared to non-migrants.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/standards/ipec/publ/nepal (1815 words)

	Economic integration and labour market change
		Migrants and their descendants are, however, far from being passive; they adapt to changing conditions, creating new opportunities and openings and using well-trodden paths for social mobility.
		Migrant network theory, which depends upon the proposition that the social and economic ties which matter are ultimately ethnic, has been used to account both for established migration processes themselves and new forms of movement.
		Migrants will typically work in areas below their level of education and in this sense, entrepreneurship must be seen in part as a strategy to overcome the effects of discrimination.
	www.ercomer.org /metropolis/proceedings/CrossAndWaldinger.html (20491 words)

	[No title]
		Currently contracts and agreements are made between different stakeholders involved in the process of employments of the migrant worker namely: the recruiting agency and the worker between recruiting agency and government between governments of the sending and receiving countries (bilateral agreements) between worker and employers.
		Therefore, it is important to define what these collective rights of the migrant workers and their families are, governments do not usually look upon these collective rights because, in reality migrant worker is seen as an individual economic migrant and not in relation to his/her family.
		Migrants and their families are experiencing the following in Asia: An extensive disintegration of families in al the sending countries has become a major concern.
	www.ohchr.org /english/bodies/cmw/docs/workersasia.doc (1231 words)

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