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Topic: Economic miracle

	The Unofficial Paul Krugman Web Page
		The secret of the long climb after 1982 was the economic plunge that preceded it.
		And the economic expansion under President Reagan did not validate his economic doctrine.
		So we're supposed to believe that a tax cut passed in 1981 was somehow responsible for an economic miracle that didn't materialize until around 1997.
	www.pkarchive.org /column/061104.html (639 words)

	ANALYSIS: Belarus: an economic miracle? (07/27/97)
		If not a return to the Soviet era of economic decision-making, there is no question that the authorities seek to instill in the public the perspective that only through the state can the economic predicament be resolved.
		Further research suggests that the "economic miracle" is as mythical as the statistics supplied annually by the former Soviet government.
		Finally the economic difficulties have exacerbated (if they did not initially create) a demographic crisis: a population decline, high infant mortality rates and a reduction of the lifespan of the population, particularly that of males.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/1997/309704.shtml (2804 words)

	Chile: Anatomy of an economic miracle, 1970-1986 \| libcom.org
		With the arrest of General Pinochet, the usual slime of the right pronounced that his dictatorship created an economic "miracle." We will ignore the "ends justify the means" argument along with the question of why these defenders of "liberty" desire to protect a dictator and praise his regime.
		This is the system held up by the right as a "miracle" and an example of "economic liberty." Like the "economic miracle" created by Thatcher, we discover a sharp difference between the facts and the rhetoric.
		Economic "liberty" only seemed to benefit one group in society, an obvious "miracle." For the vast majority, the "miracle" of economic "liberty" resulted, as it usually does, in increased poverty, unemployment, pollution, crime and social alienation.
	libcom.org /library/chile-anatomy-of-an-economic-miracle (1266 words)

	Denio Nogueira and the Brazilian Economic Miracle (Historical Notes)
		Economic Miracle : The transformation of the Brazilian Economy from a predominantly agricultural economy into a major industrial power over the period 1964-1979 is referred to as the 'Economic Miracle'.
		During the years of the Economic Miracle, Brazilians built some of the world's largest dams and power facilities, often in distant jungle locations, and connected in such a way that droughts in one region could be compensated by power from other dams, thousands of miles away.
		The great mistake of the government during the years of the Economic Miracle was not to include reform of the primary educational system in the program.
	www.capital-flow-analysis.com /investment-tutorial/case_1n.html (1599 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Asian news and current affairs
		Economic growth was unfortunately interrupted by war in 1941.
		German economic policies between 1930 and 1932 were brutally deflationary, which showed total indifference to high unemployment, and in 1933 Hitler was elected chancellor out of the socio-economic chaos.
		Nazi economic experts understood that sovereign credit creation for purposes of job creation posed no inflationary threat and that it would be a far more responsible policy than the conservative approach of tax increases and welfare cuts to balance government budgets.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Global_Economy/GE24Dj01.html (11197 words)

	Germany the Economic Miracle and Beyond
		The new minister for economics, Karl Schiller, argued strongly for legislation that would give the federal government and his ministry greater authority to guide economic policy.
		The law also set a number of optimistic targets for the four basic standards by which West German economic success was henceforth to be measured: currency stability, economic growth, employment levels, and trade balance.
		He was one of the rare German Keynesians, and he brought to his new tasks the unshakable conviction that government had both the obligation and the capacity to shape economic trends and to smooth out and even eliminate the business cycle.
	www.country-studies.com /germany/the-economic-miracle-and-beyond.html (1561 words)

	economic miracle (October 1957) - Biografie Willy Brandt
		He foresees an economic and social order for West Germany in which the economic freedom of the individual and of enterprises would remain basically untouched.
		There is talk at home and abroad of a Wirtschaftswunder (economic miracle), which could have been accomplished only because of the opportunity provided by the Marshall Plan to replace destroyed productive facilities with uptodate technology, and because of the people's willingness to take on difficult labor.
		This economic development is facilitated by investment incentives in the tax policy and by a highly qualified labor force, which is augmented by refugees from the DDR (until 1961-construction of the Berlin Wall).
	www.bwbs.de /bwbs_biografie/economic_miracle_B391.html (452 words)

	Japanese post-war economic miracle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Japanese Post-War Economic Miracle is the name given to the historical phenomenon of Japan's record period of economic growth following World War II, spurred both by US investment and Japanese government economic interventionism in particular through their Ministry of International Trade and Industry.
		[1] The distinguishing characteristics of the Japanese economy during the 'economic miracle' years included: the cooperation of manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and banks in closely knit groups called keiretsu; the powerful enterprise unions and shuntō; cozy relations with government bureaucrats, and the guarantee of lifetime employment (shushin koyo) in big corporations and highly unionized blue-collar factories.
		Although the Economic Stabilization Board was already dominated by MITI, the Yoshida Governments transformed it into the Economic Deliberation Agency, a mere "think tank," in effect giving MITI full control over all Japanese imports.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_post-war_economic_miracle (1860 words)

	RAND \| News & Events \| Commentary
		Among the four so-called "economic miracles" of the past half century—Germany after the second world war, Japan in the 1970s and 1980s, South Korea in the 1970s through to the mid-1990s, and China between 1980 and the present day—that of China has been the most remarkable.
		If economically inefficient policy decisions are made, China's annual GDP growth would be reduced by 1.5 to 1.9 per cent in the coming decade.
		Charles Wolf is senior economic adviser and corporate fellow at RAND and a senior research fellow at the Hoover Institution.
	www.rand.org /commentary/080703SCMP.html (1095 words)

	China's economic miracle will continue - OECD
		China's 25-year economic miracle is likely to be sustained for "some time" and its booming economy should grow by 9.0 percent this year and 9.2 percent in 2006, an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) report says.
		China's economic expansion "represents one of the most sustained and rapid economic transformations seen in the world economy in the past 50 years" but key changes must occur if the economic miracle is to continue, it added.
		Besides predicting China's economic growth in 2005 and 2006, the report said the current account balance would rise to US$100 billion this year and US$101 billion in 2006 based on an export-driven economy largely run by private and foreign enterprises.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2005-09/16/content_478536.htm (310 words)

	The Myth of Asia's Miracle
		Second, the economic analysis of communist countries' growth implied some future limits to their industrial expansion--in other words, implied that a naive projection of their past growth rates into the future was likely to greatly overstate their real prospects.
		Economic growth that is based on expansion of inputs, rather than on growth in output per unit of input, is inevitably subject to diminishing returns.
		But economics is not a dismal science because the economists like it that way; it is because in the end we must submit to the tyranny not just of the numbers, but of the logic they express.
	web.mit.edu /krugman/www/myth.html (4717 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Fixing the Other Asia: Keeping the Miracle Alive - Bruce Koppel
		Last summer Thailand, famed for its economic growth and macroeconomic stability, witnessed an epidemic of plunging currencies and stock prices-called bahtulism by some-that is now spreading throughout the region.
		This is where most Asians live: it is rural and poor and suffers from the traditional economic and social problems of the Third World, and it is where policymakers must focus their energies and resources.
		While economic development has definitely brought about a decline in absolute poverty in Asia, the rate of decline has only been slightly greater than the rate of population growth, so the number of poor remains very large.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19980101faessay1361/bruce-koppel/fixing-the-other-asia-keeping-the-miracle-alive.html?mode=print (584 words)

	German Economic "Miracle", by David R. Henderson: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and ...
		Eucken was the leader of a school of economic thought based at Germany's University of Freiburg.
		In 1947 he became the director of the bizonal Office of Economic Opportunity and, in that capacity, advised U.S. General Lucius D. Clay, military governor of the U.S. one.
		He is a research fellow with Stanford University's Hoover Institution and an associate professor of economics at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/GermanEconomicMiracle.html (2009 words)

	ESRC Society Today - An Economic Miracle? The UK Economy's Dramatic Performance
		And the key driving forces behind this 'economic miracle' have been North Sea oil, the City and foreign investment.
		Pratten concludes that the extent to which the UK has caught up suggests that the Swedish experiment was a handicap for the Swedish economy and the Thatcher experiment did improve the UK economy.
		Cliff Pratten is in the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Cambridge.
	www.esrc.ac.uk /ESRCInfoCentre/PO/releases/2002/may/ANECONOMICMIRACLE.aspx?ComponentId=2105&SourcePageId=1403 (1186 words)

	Korea's Economic Miracle (0333924991) HARVIE - Palgrave Macmillan
		The authors chronicle and analyze the key factors behind Korea's economic miracle from 1962-1989 and the causes that contributed to the economic downturn and ensuing crisis of 1997-98.
		As the country undertakes a series of recovery measures, the authors consider the importance of the ongoing restructuring efforts in the corporate and banking sectors, the development of the 'new economy', and the potential economic advantages to be derived from reunification with the North.
		With economic reforms underway for more than a decade in India, it is interesting to examine the responses of the Indian states to the newer challenges.
	www.palgrave-usa.com /catalog/product.aspx?isbn=0333924991 (724 words)

	AEI - Short Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This would be not only a triumph for free-market economics but would place the US economy in a class of its own among the world's more mature economies.
		Impressive as China's past economic performance has been, it would seem to be a mistake to simply extrapolate that performance indefinitely into the future, as many in both the media and in US political circles seem to be doing.
		While there are many and very real short-term risks to the Chinese economic miracle, the more fundamental reason why the US need not fear a long-run economic challenge from China lies in the disparate productivity performance between the two economies.
	www.aei.org /publications/pubID.23638,filter.economic/pub_detail.asp (975 words)

	Economics on Trial How Real Is the Asian Economic Miracle? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The post-war Asian economic miracle has come as a great shock to the economics profession.
		In almost all of the rapidly growing economics in East Asia, the degree of government taxation and central planning has been relatively low, savings rates excessively high by Keynesian standards, government budgets normally in surplus, and the welfare state relatively small.
		The industrial nations could regain their traditional growth rates by adopting a large dose of supply-side economics, cutting taxes on business and investment, privatizing Social Security, promoting better education and training, streamlining regulations on business and employment, and eliminating; the federal deficit.
	www.libertyhaven.com /thinkers/markskousen/ecoreal.html (1102 words)

	German Economic Miracle to Re-unification
		The new minister for economics, Karl Schiller, argued strongly for legislation that would give the federal government and his ministry greater authority to guide economic policy.
		The law also set a number of optimistic targets for the four basic standards by which West German economic success was henceforth to be measured: currency stability, economic growth, employment levels, and trade balance.
		He was one of the rare German Keynesians, and he brought to his new tasks the unshakable conviction that government had both the obligation and the capacity to shape economic trends and to smooth out and even eliminate the business cycle.
	www.germannotes.com /cert/economy_miracle.shtml (1562 words)

	Economic Miracle - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Economic Miracle - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Economic Miracle, (German, Wirtschaftswunder), the rapid recovery and sustained economic growth of West Germany after World War II.
		The economy boomed because of rapid industrial growth and a substantial rise in tourism,...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Economic_Miracle.html (120 words)

	Taiwan's Economic Growth - Miracle Growth
		If such high growth rates continue at their present level, it is likely that by the year 2000 Taiwan's GDP per capita will place it on par with the developed nations of the world.
		The second decline in Taiwan's economic growth during the late 1970s is also in response to a crisis in the Middle East.
		Particularly important is whether past economic growth can be sustained in the future, and which sectors of Taiwan's economy offer the best opportunities for foreign investors.
	www.geocities.com /apapadimos/Taiwan_Pages/Miracle_Growth.htm (401 words)

	Free Market Fundamentalism: Neoliberalism, Friedman, and the "Chilean Miracle"
		So, claiming that Keynes was dead, "neoliberal economics" was born, brought to life in America by a bald, mousy-looking economist from the University of Chicago, by the name of Milton Friedman.
		While there were three short periods of impressive economic growth, they were interspersed with the classic steep, sharp, much lengthier contractions, which simply added to the growing misery of the poor and the former middle class.
		The result is lowered economic performance (spending time carrying water and recovering from water-borne illness), more disease and the higher social costs to society that result from that disease and child mortality.
	www.bidstrup.com /economics.htm (8270 words)

	The Makings Of an Economic Miracle
		Consider three such models: First, the economic miracle of 17th-century Europe, an era that calls to mind the ostentatious displays of plundered wealth in Spain and Portugal.
		Other miracles follow the same pattern: The state provides an umbrella of law and order, levies relatively low taxes and gives people a stake in what the business sector is doing, thereby attracting immigrants and entrepreneurs from around the world.
		What should be clear from history is that if the rest of the world gets smart and creates economic environments attractive enough to retain their talents, the U.S. will no longer be able to count on covering its own costly mistakes by attracting talented foreigners.
	www.colorado.edu /Economics/courses/econ2020/articles/econ-miracles.html (1254 words)

	AsiaMedia :: The Enigma of China's Economic "Miracle"
		In the early 1990's, it weathered the implosion of the Japanese economic miracle, and maintained a steady course through the Asian economic crisis later in the decade.
		Economists and political observers who are skeptical about the durability of China's "economic miracle"--and there are many of them--point to the country's sclerotic political system, its precarious economic institutions, the hazardous balance of hundreds of millions of marginal Chinese, and the economy's reliance on outside capital.
		They are right to wonder whether the "miracle" can continue to survive the kind of shocks that have rocked almost every other part of Asia to its foundations at one time or another over the last decade.
	www.asiamedia.ucla.edu /article.asp?parentid=5803 (963 words)

	Wirtschaftswunder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term Wirtschaftswunder (English: "economic miracle") designates the upturn experienced in the West German and Austrian economies after the Second World War.
		The West German Wirtschaftswunder was partly due to the economic aid provided by the United States and the Marshall Plan, but mainly due to the currency reform of 1948 which replaced the Reichsmark with the Deutsche Mark as legal tender, halting rampant inflation.
		This economic policy was known in journalistic circles as the Raab-Kamitz-Kurs, named after Chancellor Julius Raab and his Finance Minister Reinhard Kamitz and aping the German Adenauer-Erhard-Kurs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wirtschaftswunder (800 words)

	Indonesia: a depredatory economic "miracle"
		The depredatory activities of such companies are a token that Indonesia’s economic "miracle" has been driven by ruthless exploitation of natural resources and by the use of cheap labour.
		But in the long run, the economic crisis can mean that more people are going to be pushed into becoming spontaneous migrants, relocate in other islands and possibly establish tree plantations to supplement their incomes.
		The economic crisis is pushing smallholder transmigrants to establish oil palm plantations hoping to receive the benefits of the so called Nucleus Estate Smallholder or PIR-trans System.
	www.wrm.org.uy /bulletin/13/Indonesia.html (649 words)

	Origins of the German 'Economic Miracle' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This year marks the 40th anniversary of Ludwig Erhard's sweeping free market reforms which gave economic freedom to over 80 million Germans and began West Germany's 30-year postwar economic miracle.
		By the early 1960s, Germany was the third greatest economic power in the world.
		The Freeman is the monthly publication of The Foundation for Economic Education, Inc., Invington-on-Hudson, NY 10533.
	www.self-gov.org /freeman/8812pete.html (1079 words)

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