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	Economic policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fiscal policy is the size of the government deficit and the methods it uses to finance it.
		For instance, agricultural policy is generally a matter of the burden of taxation and of trade in agricultural goods.
		Policy is generally directed to achieve particular objectives, like targets for inflation, unemployment, or economic growth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economic_policy (1003 words)

	DAILY BRUIN ONLINE - Capitalist policies lead to social, economic inequality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thus, the response of economic policies in the United States and abroad has been aimed at centralization of capital by corporate mergers along with increasing exploitation of labor, anti-union activities and reduction of corporate taxes in an attempt to prevent the falling rate of profit partly caused by competing Japanese and German manufacturing industries.
		By the mid-1990s, it became quite clear that neo-liberal economic policies (those that favor an unfettered access to markets, cuts in social services and the dismantling of the welfare state) have failed to fulfill their promise of economic growth and stability in Western industrial nations as well as developing countries.
		Economic studies indicate that wages for college graduates have steadily declined, partly due to the increasing reliance of the American economy on an unskilled labor force.
	www.dailybruin.ucla.edu /db/issues/99/10.18/view.farahmandpur.html (843 words)

	Learn more about History of economic thought in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Economic thought may be roughly divided into three phases: Premodern (Greek, Roman, Arab), Early modern (mercantilist, physiocrats) and Modern (since Adam Smith in the late 18th century).
		In particular, Ibn Khaldun of Tunis (1332-1406) wrote on economic and political theory in his Prolegomena, showing for example, how population density is related to the division of labour which leads to economic growth and so in turn to greater population in a virtuous circle.
		Marxist economics is usually classified as a variant of neoclassical economics and is based on the writings of Karl Marx.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /h/hi/history_of_economic_thought_1.html (726 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Council of Economic Advisers
		"The Council of Economic Advisers was established by the Employment Act of 1946 to provide the President with objective economic analysis and advice on the development and implementation of a wide range of domestic and international economic policy issues" (Economic Report of the President 2001: 257).
		Nourse preferred the CEA to provide impartial economic advice to the President and to avoid the political process; for example, he did not believe that it was appropriate for CEA members to participate in Congressional hearings.
		It saw the economic slowdown in 1959 to be caused by a supply disturbance (a lengthy steel strike) rather than a lack of aggregate demand.
	www.eh.net /encyclopedia/article/Herren.cea (2860 words)

	Economic Events, Ideas, and Policies. The 1960s and After
		In November 1999 the Brookings Institution and Yale University jointly sponsored a conference to reconsider the national economic policies of the 1960s and the theories that influenced them, in light of subsequent events in the economy and of developments in economic theory and research.
		This volume is dedicated to the memory of Arthur Okun, a major figure in economics and economic policy throughout the Kennedy-Johnson era, at Yale, at the Council of Economic Advisers, and at Brookings.
		As president, he appeared to be more interested in economic analysis and in the ideas of economists and their policy implications than had been his predecessor, Dwight Eisenhower.
	cowles.econ.yale.edu /books/tobin/jt_events.htm (1623 words)

	GROWTH, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC POLICIES IN JAPAN: 1955-1993 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The implicit policy goal pursued during the income gap diminution method was to render the per capita consumption level of those assisted by the program around 60 per cent of that of an average employee household.
		Government policy makers and business leaders foresaw the development of the nation's own innovative capability to be an essential prerequisite for exporting capability, which led them to draw plans to improve secondary and tertiary education as early as in the beginning of the 1960's.
		The government then shifted to structural policies, relaxing the application of the anti-trust law (which is an outcome of the post-war democratic reform) in encouraging mergers of major firms to resist the potential entry of foreign giants and allowing formation of cartels under various specified circumstances to encourage reorganization of the industry.
	hdr.undp.org /docs/publications/ocational_papers/oc23.htm (9061 words)

	Argentina Letter of Intent and Memorandum of Economic Policies, September 5, 2000
		The attached policy memorandum and annexes update the information contained in our letter of February 14, 2000, and describe the economic policies and objectives of the Government of Argentina for the period 2000–02, supported by the stand-by arrangement from the Fund in an amount equivalent to SDR 5,398.61 million approved on March 10, 2000.
		These policies were outlined in the Memorandum of Economic Policies (MEP) attached to the letter of the Minister of the Economy and the President of the Central Bank of Argentina (BCRA), dated February 14, 2000, requesting the support of the Fund under the SBA.
		The incipient economic recovery has not yet been reflected in the quality of banks’ assets, and nonperforming loans have increased somewhat further; net of provisions, however, they declined from 4.7 percent of total assets in December 1999 to 4.1 percent in June 2000.
	www.imf.org /external/NP/LOI/2000/arg/02 (4046 words)

	The Hindu : Book Review : Economic policies since Independence
		The add-ons are more perfunctory and miss the mastery of the details of social, political and economic contexts and issues as well as of the personalities that are a feature of the first edition.
		Without saying so, she draws attention to Indira Gandhi's "ignorance" of economics leading to the "direct" interventions in the economy instead of "indirect" ones to build the physical and social infrastructures and the institutions for people's participation to improve the accountability of the administration.
		Economic growth is the aim of national parties, not the regional ones that appear to hold the political balance.
	www.hindu.com /br/2005/06/07/stories/2005060701111600.htm (905 words)

	Economic and Monetary Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is a fundamental political event, a decisive stage in the economic integration of Europe, and a drastic change in the drawing-up and implementation of public policies.
		As the economic and financial integration moves on, the economic policies pursued by Member States increase their effects on European partners.
		There are three elements that make up the co-ordination: formulation of a common diagnosis, consent on appropriate responses of economic policy, and acceptance of the so-called “peer pressure”, with the adjustment, if necessary, of the policies pursued.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/sipa/REGIONAL/WE/Turchi.html (1938 words)

	E. Anthony Wayne, "The MCA Promotes Sound Economic Policies," Economic Perspectives, March 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Wayne says economic freedom created by these policies is essential for mobilizing domestic assets and encouraging entrepreneurship, as well as boosting trade and attracting foreign investment.
		Unfortunately, domestic economic resources and capital have all too often been squandered, sometimes by conflict, but also by economic policies that do not give individual families and firms the proper incentives to save and invest in their future, and to innovate and engage in productive enterprise.
		By requiring these policies in order to qualify for MCA funds and tracking the funds through successful development programs, the Millennium Challenge Account will promote incentives for sound economic policies that will result in economic growth and prosperity in the countries that join us in rising to the challenge.
	usinfo.state.gov /journals/ites/0303/ijee/wayne.htm (2408 words)

	[No title]
		During the two-day event, seven panel discussions were held on: structural reforms and equity; economic and social effects of financial liberalization; trade liberalization and employment; monetary and exchange rate policies and employment; complementary development and social policies; the relationship between human and economic development; and targeted versus universal social policies.
		Noting that in most cases economic growth and human development run parallel, generating virtuous or vicious cycles, she explained that most countries are within the vicious cycle model (below average human development and economic growth) and few in the other realms (lopsided realities where economic growth and human development are not coherent or virtuous circles).
		She said the study also shows that contrary to the precepts of structural adjustment policies, a virtuous cycle between human development and economic growth can only be achieved through a consistent strategy promoting both objectives simultaneously, and supporting key issues such as social expenditure, female school enrollment, equality in income distribution and investment.
	www.iisd.ca /download/asc/sd/sdvol104num1e.txt (3248 words)

	National Economic Policies — www.greenwood.com
		This volume, the first in a series of comparative economics studies designed to compare and evaluate these policies and their effects is authored by 17 scholars, mostly economists.
		This reference handbook offers and overview of economic policies in the world's most important countries and regions, examining the different mix of methods and tools these governments use to achieve their economic goals.
		Economic policies of the past decade and the important changes that have taken place in that period are explained--as well as prospects for the future.
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/SVS/.aspx (644 words)

	Reaganomics, by William A. Niskanen: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		These major policy changes, in turn, were expected to increase saving and investment, increase economic growth, balance the budget, restore healthy financial markets, and reduce inflation and interest rates.
		The administration reversed its position on one dimension of monetary policy: during the first term, the administration did not intervene in the markets for foreign exchange but, beginning in 1985, occasionally intervened with the objective to reduce and then stabilize the foreign-exchange value of the dollar.
		Economic growth increased from a 2.8 percent annual rate in the Carter administration, but this is misleading because the growth of the working-age population was much slower in the Reagan years.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/Reaganomics.html (1780 words)

	Pakistan - Economic analysis of government's policies, investment climate and political risk.
		Comparison of Pakistan's economic policies to MIEPA criteria as prepared by native student of Pakistan, Mr.
		Economic reasons have caused people to lose their homes and ethno-lingual terrorism has also been a frequent excuse for driving people from their homelands.
		The growth in the number of economic migrants have created a shift in patterns of movement around the world and the persistence of the refugee problem has made it increasingly difficult to find places for all who have been left homeless.
	www.mkeever.com /pakistan.html (7304 words)

	Bush Told U.S.-Imposed Policies Are 'Perverse'
		"It was a perverse model that wrongly separated the economic from the social, put stability against growth and separated responsibility and justice," Lula said.
		The Iraq war was widely unpopular in Latin America and more and more leaders are skeptical of the free-market economic reforms that were in vogue in the 1990s.
		We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines04/0113-05.htm (857 words)

	OpinionJournal - Featured Article
		And that is the essence of the economic and fiscal crisis that confronts the state of California today.
		Thanks to the economic policies of this administration, for the first time in California history more native-born Americans are leaving this state than are moving here.
		Bustamante's tax policies are implemented, we may soon be asking the last business person to leave California to please turn off the lights.
	www.opinionjournal.com /editorial/feature.html?id=110004058 (1397 words)

	Hitler's Leftist Economic Policies
		Walter Eucken was a professor of economics at the University of Freiburg, Germany and an architect of the economic reforms that led to the Economic Miracle.
		The initial objective in 1932-33 of its economic policy was just to reduce the high unemployment associated with the Great Depression.
		Production decisions may be made on political criteria that are economically foolish, such as locating a factory in a region to benefit the supporters of some political figure.
	constitutionalistnc.tripod.com /hitler-leftist/id10.html (1442 words)

	PO-3059: Under Secretary Taylor - Remarks on New Policies for Economic Development
		Despite remarkable economic progress in many parts of the world, over 1.3 billion people live on less than $1 a day, and half the world's population lives on less than $2 a day.
		But more and more evidence has been accumulating that the laws of economics have not been repealed, but rather that there are significant impediments-in the broadest sense-to investment and the adoption of technology that are holding countries and people back.
		Countries that follow good economic policies are to receive more aid, and the actual results of the aid are to be quantitatively measured.
	www.treas.gov /press/releases/po3059.htm (1924 words)

	Townhall.com :: Columns :: Economic Policies are Moral Issues by Rebecca Hagelin - Jan 7, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This heart-stopping quote is from an op-ed by Dr. Ed Feulner, president of The Heritage Foundation, written upon the release this week of the 11th edition of The Index of Economic Freedom produced jointly by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal.
		The conservative movement, as a whole, must understand that economic policies are at their very core, moral issues.
		Economic questions are questions about what we value, what we treasure, what we spend our lives working for.
	www.townhall.com /columnists/rebeccahagelin/rh20050107.shtml (960 words)

	Outline of the U.S. Economy
		This commitment to free trade has both economic and political roots; the United States increasingly has come to see open trade as a means not only of advancing its own economic interests but also as a key to building peaceful relations among nations.
		The United States sometimes departs from its general policy of promoting free trade for political purposes, restricting imports to countries that are thought to violate human rights, support terrorism, tolerate narcotics trafficking, or pose a threat to international peace.
		Some foreign policy experts worried about a "dollar shortage" in the war-ravaged and underdeveloped countries, and they believed that as nations grew stronger they would be willing and able to participate equitably in the international economy.
	usinfo.state.gov /products/pubs/oecon/chap10.htm (5460 words)

	Right-Leaning Policy Won a Nickname: Reaganomics (washingtonpost.com)
		Through the prism of the right, Ronald Reagan's economic policies in the 1980s were a rainbow, a vision that was largely responsible for the nation's remarkable economy in the 1990s.
		Reagan's spending cuts barely nicked the fastest-growing parts of government, his tax cuts reduced revenue so much that later in his tenure taxes had to be raised repeatedly, his regulatory approach was criticized for leading to the savings and loan crisis and his unbalanced budgets to a near-tripling of the federal debt in eight years.
		In assessing Reagan's economic legacy, "you have to distinguish between being a master at creating a mood and what he actually did in changing the structure or content of government programs," said Charles L. Schultze of the Brookings Institution, who was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers in the Carter administration.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A19171-2004Jun5.html (1651 words)

	afrol News - Gabon awarded for new economic policies
		The IMF economic programme for Gabon was approved after Gabonese authorities in mid-2002 agreed to start wide-ranging reforms of the country's outdated economic policies.
		Even with a pro-growth economic programme for the next years, the economic outlook is negative.
		As these negative outlooks have been known for a while, Gabon in 2002 agreed to reform its economic policies to be able to receive aid from the IMF and other financial institutions.
	www.afrol.com /articles/12792 (756 words)

	Economic Policy Institute
		Economic Policy Institute founder Jeff Faux joined former White House economic advisor Gene Sperling to discuss their differing economic strategies for Democrats and progressives at a February 2006 event. Read a transcript or listen to a recording of this event.
		The economic evidence is clear: the president's tax changes have not worked to improve the health of the economy.
		Prior to the passage of living wage laws, initial studies of their impact predicted high costs to local governments, employers, and consumers, as well as a loss of jobs for low-income earners.
	www.epi.org (989 words)

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