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Topic: Economic regions of Russia

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	Central economic region - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Central economic region is located in the central portion of the European part of Russia.
		Rybinsk is a shipbuilding center of the region.
		As the soils are mostly of podsolic and grey forest types, melioration and fertilizing are often employed to improve the crop yields.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Central_economic_region (385 words)

	Russia: Environmental Issue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nevertheless, despite safety concerns, Russia is seeking to extend the operating life of several reactors that are nearing the end of their proscribed operating lifespan, as well as increase the country's nuclear capacity by building 40 new reactors by 2030.
		The collapse of the Soviet Union and Russia's ensuing economic contraction led to a dramatic decrease in Russian carbon dioxide (CO) emissions in the early- and mid-1990s.
		Under the terms of the climate change agreement, Russia is not required to cut its emissions; since it was classified as a country in transition, Russia merely must maintain its CO and GHG emissions in the 2008-2012 timetable at the same level as 1990.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/russenv.html (3006 words)

	Geographi
		Russia's geographical location presents a significant obstacle to development - dry or cold climate, terrain, distance and remote location from major sea lanes, all these factors contribute to the situation when large parts of the country have almost no population and development.
		Russia's northern regions are bordered by the Arctic Ocean, with the Baltic Sea bordering its western territories.
		Russia produces 17 per cent of the world's crude oil, as well as 25-30 per cent of its natural gas, 6 per cent of all bituminous coal, 17 per cent of commercial iron ore and 10-20 per cent of all non-ferrous, rare and noble metals mined across the globe.
	www.russianembassy.org /RUSSIA/GEOGRAF.HTM (2000 words)

	NATO Colloquium 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The goal of this paper is the analysis of economic differences among Russian enterprises, particularly to determine the influence of these differences on the political and social shocks (using the case of military enterprises).
		Secondly, the enterprises with relatively bad economic positions (71%), which are on the verge of bankruptcy, with low wages and having a lack of investments were noted.
		This is evident, for example, from the directors' answers to the question about the desirable economic line of the government: all the directors of enterprises from the first group want to continue the course to market reforms, as well as 57% among directors from the second group.
	www.nato.int /docu/colloq/1996/96-3-4.htm (1823 words)

	Chapter Three (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Russia is a multicultural state with a complex domestic political geography.
		Russia has historically justified interference in nearby countries affairs in the name of its own national security and its desire to achieve a warm water port for its navy and access to shipping lanes.
		Russia's economic and military rivals have also been wary of its potential strength and this has led to a geopolitical theory called the Heartland Theory.
	www.accd.edu /sac/earthsci/sgirhard/1303.090/chap3.htm (1684 words)

	Russia
		Russia’s population is the sixth largest in the world; on 1 January 2001 it was 145,600,000 people (According to the World Factbook the July 2006 population was estimated at 142,893,540 with a growth rate of -0.37% - see Table 1; population density is 8.6 per sq.
		Russia is in a risky zone for farming, because the average soil fertility level is low; moreover, great damage is caused by anthropic factors.
		Russia’s agricultural land is about 200,000,000 hectares, including over 120,000,000 ha arable, about 2,000,000 ha of fallow, 2,000,000 ha of perennial crops, and over 87,000,000 ha of permanent meadows and pastures.
	www.fao.org /ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/Russia/russia.htm (9651 words)

	Containment Lite: U.S. Policy Toward Russia and Its Neighbors: Economic Collapse
		Approximately $100 billion of Russia's foreign debt was inherited from the Soviet Union—Russia assumed all of the foreign debt of the Soviet Union in exchange for the other NIS countries abrogating any claims to the FSU's foreign assets.
		Russia has an educated work force, a strategic location straddling two continents, and a generous supply of natural resources, including gold and timber.
		Russia wants to work with the latter three countries to build a pipeline that (at least in part) runs through Russia.
	www.fpif.org /papers/russia/collapse_body.html (2224 words)

	Economic Regions of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In accordance with the 1993 constitution, Russia was subdivided into 89 administrative units with different degrees of autonomy.
		These economic regions comprise of a number of adjoining administrative units which differ from each other through historical development of the territory, geographical location, natural and labor resources, and economic specialization.
		The economic regionalization is used by scientific and government organizations for collecting and processing statistics and even weather forecasting.
	www.iiasa.ac.at /Research/LUC/GIS/giswebpage/documents/russadm.htm (101 words)

	The Economic History and Economy of Russia
		Russia has had regional policies but of a quite different nature than the regional policies of the West.
		Russia pursues regional policies for nationalistic and strategic reasons as well as development of economic resources, but never is there a concern for reducing regional disparities in standards of living.
		With the millions of ethnic minorities included in the territories controlled by the Russian State in its various guises this would be a difficult and controversial objective.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/russia.htm (407 words)

	Moscow, The Regions and Russia's Foreign Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Regional leaders have a clear understanding of their role in Moscow’s power games, and it has been suggested that separatist discourse is used by the elites merely to increase or maintain specific levels of subsidies.
		This conference, entitled ‘Moscow, the Regions and Russia’s Foreign Policy’, was the fourth in a series, commencing in May 1998, that aims to investigate systemic transformation within the Russian Federation and the impact of economic instability upon the integrity of federal structures.
		Whilst some of Russia’s constituent parts had gained greater autonomy between 1996 and 1998, their ability to act independently was circumscribed by the centre — not least by the overt exercise of budgetary federalism and the unconscious linguistic, cultural and psychological commonalties that bound the federation together.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/russia/agency/E103-German-compl.htm (19793 words)

	World Economic Forum - World Economic Forum in Russia
		Russia's relations with Europe are closer and the "fabric more dense" than its relationship with the US, said Konstantin Kosachev, Chairman of the International Affairs Committee of Russia's State Duma.
		The amount of FDI coming in to Russia is "far from being enough," said Jean Lemierre of the EBRD who stressed that the top priority for change is the banking sector as it serves as a "channel to finance the economy in a broad way".
		Russia is not a country in decline and its future is looking bright, agreed top international and Russian business leaders in the opening session of the World Economic Forum in Russia.
	www.weforum.org /en/events/russia/index.htm (1382 words)

	Omniseek: /Open Directory /Regional /Asia /Russia /Regions /
		It borders Irkutsk and Chita Regions, Republic of Tuva and Mongolia and is adjacent to the lake Baikal.
		Tatarstan is situated in the middle of the Volga-Basin at the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers.
		In the north, it borders Udmurtia, in the west - Mari and Chuvashia, in the east - Bashkkortostan, and in the south - Samara Region.
	www.omniseek.com /srch/{40710} (489 words)

	Pravda.RU G7 Finance Ministers Praise Russia's Economic Reform
		Credits advanced to Russia by the international financial institutions /IFI/ were misspent, and the Economics Ministry and Finance Ministry did not follow their use adequately, it was said at a meeting of Russia's Audit Chamber on Friday.
		Economic Development and Trade Minister Herman Gref and faction leaders of parliament's lower house appear to have hammered out an arrangement for sharing of oil and gas tax revenues.
		Russia and Latin America are interested in expanding political dialogue and trade and economic cooperation, said Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov at talks with his counterpart Didier Opertti from Uruguay.
	newsfromrussia.com /economics/2001/07/08/9595.html (1459 words)

	Russian Regions, Number of Regions - Johnson's Russia List 6-24-03
		Sverdlovsk Regional Governor Eduard Rossel and Saratov Regional Governor Dmitry Ayatskov have confidently stated in public that 30-50 regions is enough for Russia.
		The economic and social benefits of reform are currently being emphasised by its proponents.
		The first candidates for reform from regions of equal status could be Moscow and St. Petersburg and their surrounding regions, although this could cause a number of problems for their populations and business as well.
	www.cdi.org /russia/Johnson/7237-14.cfm (1718 words)

	Khabarovsky Krai - Regional Profile from the Russian American Chamber of Commerce®
		The trend today is for the reorientation of the economic ties of Khabarovsky Krai to the countries of the Asian Pacific Rim, to increase the export share in the volume of production of many of the industrial enterprises.
		The oil processing industry of the Far Eastern Economic Region is concentrated in the Krai and is represented by the "Khabarovsk Oil Refinery" and "Komsomolsk Oil Refinery" joint-stock companies.
		An increase of agricultural output is expected due to the development of new economic relations in the countryside, the reforming of the agro-industrial enterprises, and the establishment of farms and cooperatives.
	www.russianamericanchamber.org /regions/Khabarovsky.html (5449 words)

	IREX - International Research & Exchanges Board > Publication > Russia’s Economic Crisis and Its Effect ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Russia’s economic crisis has affected all these countries, but the effects on each must be evaluated independently as their patterns of trade, endowments of natural resources, and political situations differ greatly.
		The trends in real GDP, unemployment, and wages seen in Russia’s current economic crisis are much worse than those experienced by the United States and Germany between 1927 and 1935, the time of the Great Depression.
		The economic crisis in Russia continues to affect inflation, trade, exchange rates, and other macroeconomic factors in the other states of the former Soviet region.
	www.irex.org /pubs/policy/russia-econ.asp (2060 words)

	Features service articles - Russia needs migrant workers to support economic growth - Department of Communication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Migration therefore is both necessary and inevitable for countries of the region.
		On the demand side, Russia is facing a demographic and economic challenge with its decreasing economically active population.
		In 2005, the FMS organized a so-called "mini-amnesty" for migrant workers in nine pilot regions of Russia.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/bureau/inf/features/06/migrant_russia.htm (742 words)

	Event Summary: A Confusing Turn in Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This economic conflict, in part, pushes Putin towards drastic civil measures, as witnessed recently by his arrest of YUKOS oil billionaire Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
		This step has made many worry that Russia may be returning to the old days of targeted attacks against prominent figures and restrictions on civil society.
		Roughly one-third of Russia's budget comes from oil and gas revenues, creating an economic situation akin to "an addict and its fix," according to Hill.
	www.brook.edu /comm/op-ed/20031125russia.htm (896 words)

	Pravda.RU Russia-China Trade And Economic Cooperation Discussed In Khabarovsk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As RIA Novosti was told in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, at the session it is planned to take decisions on a complex of questions of international cooperation which are of prime importance to Russia.
		Russia and France are planning to found a public council of civil society.
		A meting of the heads of the frontier agencies of Russia, the USA, the Republic of Korea, Japan and Canada is opening in St. Petersburg on Monday, RIA Novosti was told in the press service of the North-Western department of the Federal Frontier Service (FPS) of Russia.
	newsfromrussia.com /world/2001/07/02/9150.html (1702 words)

	Russia Must Increase Economic Growth, Says Putin - 2003-05-16
		He said Russia's economic foundation, although noticeably stronger, is still, "shaky and very weak." He said Russia's political system is not developed enough and that government structures are inefficient.
		He expressed concern that the size of Russia's population continues to diminish and he said poverty is receding all too slowly.
		Russia opposed the United States' decision to lead a military offensive against Iraq, without U.N. backing.
	www.voanews.com /english/archive/2003-05/a-2003-05-16-28-Russia.cfm (441 words)

	USRCCNE: Resources: Republic of Bashkortostan
		The great economic and natural resource potential of the Republic of Bashkortostan has led it to aggressively develop its foreign economic relations.
		Bashkortostan is one of the largest industrial and export-oriented regions of the Russian Federation and has foreign trade ties with more than 90 countries in the world.
		Bashkortostan is characterized as a region with a favorable investment climate and a place where free economic zones have been established.
	www.usrccne.org /text.phtml?m=155 (315 words)

	Online NewsHour: Russia's Crisis -- September 17, 1998
		Russia's economic situation drives down markets around the world.
		Russia's government tries to maintain the value of the ruble.
		Fearing that the Russian crisis may spread to other regions of the world, the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 357 points on August 27, and another 512 points on August 31.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/forum/september98/russia.html (452 words)

	REENIC: Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Russia (although this page on About.com is officially named: "Geography and map of Russia", it in fact contains, besides geographical data, information on population, government, economy, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues)
		Russia on the Web : a project of The Transnational Institute, a network of Russian, American and West European organizations which have been sponsoring East-West exchange programs since 1981.
		Economics Education and Research Consortium (Russia) (economic policy research network, focusing on grants, training and technical assistance to individual Russian researchers)
	menic.utexas.edu /reenic/countries/russia.html (1920 words)

	RIA Novosti - Russia - Putin calls for stronger economic role of the regions
		Russia, Italy present new diesel submarine at Euronaval 2006
		Putin calls for stronger economic role of the regions
		Putin said a good political and legal framework had already been worked out for cooperation between power bodies of different levels.
	en.rian.ru /russia/20050702/40832659.html (266 words)

	USAID Europe and Eurasia: Russia Economic Growth Resources Links
		You are here » Home » Locations » Europe and Eurasia » Russia » Economic Growth Resources Links
		Economics and Institutions in Russia: Support for Policy Development During the Transition
		Russia's Food Economy in Transition: What Do Reforms Mean for the Long-Term Outlook?
	www.usaid.gov /regions/europe_eurasia/countries/ru/egrussia.htm (191 words)

	Russia Briefing Paper - Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Regional Consultations / Case Studies / Cross-Check Survey / Thematic Reviews / Submissions
		2.3 Water resources of the individual states and economic regions of Russia
		The main issues related to dams and reservoirs in Russia and NIS
	www.dams.org /kbase/studies/ru/ru_toc.htm (188 words)

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